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On the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) – Alginate Composite Yarn Reinforced with Nanocellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Ainul Maghfirah; Farah Fahma; Nurmalisa Lisdayana; Muchammad Yunus; Ahmad Kusumaatmaja; Grandprix Thomryes Marth Kadja
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.67881

PVA-alginate hydrogel is a promising material for use in biomedical applications due to its desirable characteristics: biocompatible, durable, non-toxic, and low cost. However, the low gel strength of this composite limits its use in biomedical applications. This study aims to develop enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) PVA-alginate composite yarn by adding nanocellulose isolated from the sustainable oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs). The PVA-alginate composite yarns reinforced with nanocellulose were prepared with various nanocellulose contents (1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, and 5 wt.%). The composite's tensile strength exhibited an increasing trend with the addition of nanocellulose, while the elongation at break showed the opposite trend. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the composite's thermal degradation shifts to higher temperatures with the addition of nanocellulose. The observed activation energies for the thermal degradation calculated using the Coats-Redfern method exhibited a significant increment for the composites reinforced with nanocellulose. These results show that the addition of nanocellulose into the PVA-alginate matrix enhances the chemical and thermal properties of the resulting hydrogel. All these improvements have resulted from more abundant and robust hydrogen bonds generated by the nanocellulose presence.

Study on the Morphology of Fasciola gigantica and Economic Losses due to Fasciolosis in Berau, East Kalimantan Muhammad Rofi' Prasetya; Setiawan Koesdarto; Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti; Lucia Tri Suwanti; Kusnoto Kusnoto; Muchammad Yunus
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 11, No 1 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v11i1.18201

Fasciolosis is one of the endemic parasitic diseases in Indonesia and causes significant economic losses. Fasciola gigantica is the main species found to infect livestock. This research aimed to describe the morphology of F. gigantica histologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as ultrastructure morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, the study was also carried out to determine the prevalence and estimation of economic losses due to fasciolosis in Berau Regency. The histological identification of flukes morphology found several organs including oral sucker (OS), ventral sucker (VS), cirrus (C), genital pore (GP), uterus (U), ovary (O), tegument (Te), testis (T), and caecum (C). In this study, ultrastructure morphology was divided into anterior and midbody region. In the anterior region, there are an oral sucker (OS) with a diameter of 304.5 Âµm and a ventral sucker (VS) with a diameter of 571 Âµm. It was also found the anterior spine with a width of 25.4 Âµm and a height of 22.8 Âµm. In the midbody, the spine has a width of Â± 26.7 Âµm and a length of Â± 38.9 Âµm leading posteriorly. Postmortem examination results showed that the prevalence of fasciolosis in Berau regency was 21.65% or 34 of 157 cows which were positive with an estimated loss of 228,656,475.00 IDR/16,450 USD (1 USD=13,900 IDR). The amount of loss due to fasciolosis must be a particular concern in carrying out control and prevention measures. Histology and ultrastructure morphology can become a reference in the development of anthelmintic testing that has been used so far in Indonesia.

The Spatial Arrangement of The Electric Field in the Needle-Plate Electrospinning Ahmad Kusumaatmaja; Muhamad Nasrudin Manaf; Shiddiq Nur Hidayat; Kuwat Triyana; Farah Rahma; Grandprix T. M. Kadja; Muchammad Yunus
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 13, No 2 (2023): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v13i2.67191

The electric field distribution of the Neddle-Plate (NP) electrospinning set up has reported due to the simple classical electrodynamics solutions. The charge is assumed to distribute uniformly in the needle (nozzle) and the collector (plate). The electric field has an influence only in the early stage of the electrospinning process. The electric field and the viscosity of the jet fluid have caused the bending of the straight jet. The high viscosity of the fluid can preserve the straight jet length much longer. The electric field gives the initial angular momentum of the jet due to the whipping motion of the jet. For the area away from the nozzle, the electric does not influence the whipping motion. Then the whipping motion solely due to the influence from the charge repulsion of the jet fluid and the evaporation of the solvent.

Comparative appendicular osteology of Tor spp. (Cyprinidae) in Indonesia Yusrizal Akmal; Muchammad Yunus; Hani Plumeriastuti; Yeni Dhamayanti; Irfannur Irfannur; Arief Hidayat Zulkifli; Muliari Muliari; Agung Setia Batubara
Depik Vol 13, No 1 (2024): APRIL 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/depik.13.1.28247

Tor tambroides, T. tambra, T. douronensis, and T. soro are native fish species to Indonesia with their natural habitat generally being upstream of rivers in hilly areas with clear water and strong currents. Information of the structure and function of appendicular osteology is necessary to understand how fish accelerate and maintain body balance in the water. This study used 5 samples per fish species obtained from Tor fishermen around the habitat of these fish. The results of the comparison showed morphological differences between the appendicular structure of Tor species, consisting structure of the pinnae pectoralis, pinnae pelvicalis, pinnae dorsalis, pinnae analis, and pinnae caudalis. The highest variation was found in the pinnae caudalis. The pointed shape of the pinnae caudalis with long fin rays indicates that the Tor species is capable to swim at a high speeds.Keywords:ossa appendiculareTor douronensisTor tambraTor tambroidesTor soro

Comparative appendicular osteology of Tor spp. (Cyprinidae) in Indonesia Yusrizal Akmal; Muchammad Yunus; Hani Plumeriastuti; Yeni Dhamayanti; Irfannur Irfannur; Arief Hidayat Zulkifli; Muliari Muliari; Agung Setia Batubara
Depik Vol 13, No 1 (2024): APRIL 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/depik.13.1.28247

Tor tambroides, T. tambra, T. douronensis, and T. soro are native fish species to Indonesia with their natural habitat generally being upstream of rivers in hilly areas with clear water and strong currents. Information of the structure and function of appendicular osteology is necessary to understand how fish accelerate and maintain body balance in the water. This study used 5 samples per fish species obtained from Tor fishermen around the habitat of these fish. The results of the comparison showed morphological differences between the appendicular structure of Tor species, consisting structure of the pinnae pectoralis, pinnae pelvicalis, pinnae dorsalis, pinnae analis, and pinnae caudalis. The highest variation was found in the pinnae caudalis. The pointed shape of the pinnae caudalis with long fin rays indicates that the Tor species is capable to swim at a high speeds.Keywords:ossa appendiculareTor douronensisTor tambraTor tambroidesTor soro

Oil-Adjuvanted Polyvalent Formalin-killed Aeromonas hydrophila Vaccine Enhances Agglutinating Antibodies, Respiratory Burst, and Survival in Giant Gourami Rozi; Wiwiek Tyasningsih; Jola Rahmahani; Eduardus Bimo Aksono; Muchammad Yunus; Mohammad Anam Al-Arif; Suryo Kuncorojakti; Daruti Dinda Nindarwi; Putri Desi Wulan Sari; Nina Nurmalia Dewi; Woro Hastuti Satyantini; Muhammad Browijoyo Santanumurti; Dita Wisudyawati; Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai; Annas Salleh; Gazali Salim; Suwarno Suwarno
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v18i1.82866

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research Adjuvanted polyvalent FKC elicited the strongest and most sustained multi-arm immune response in Osphronemus goramy compared with monovalent and non-adjuvanted vaccines. The lead formulation combined high agglutinating antibody titres with enhanced NBT respiratory burst, indicating synergistic humoral–innate activation against Aeromonas hydrophila. Polyvalent vaccines did not dilute immunogenicity; instead, strain combination plus adjuvant broadened and amplified immune responsiveness. Longitudinal profiling of il-1β and ifn-γ revealed a stable pro-inflammatory/Th1-like cytokine signature uniquely associated with the adjuvanted polyvalent FKC. The integrated immunological “fingerprint” supports the adjuvanted polyvalent FKC as a rational lead candidate for motile Aeromonas septicaemia control in warm-water gourami aquaculture. Abstract Motile Aeromonas septicaemia (MAS), predominantly associated with Aeromonas hydrophila, remains a major constraint in giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) aquaculture. This study evaluated formalin-inactivated A. hydrophila vaccines prepared from MAS-associated field isolates, comparing a monovalent formulation (P2), a non-adjuvanted polyvalent formulation (P3), and an oil-adjuvanted polyvalent formulation (P4) against PBS controls (P1). A total of 240 fish were used (60 per treatment) and assigned to two parallel cohorts (immunology and survival/challenge). Immune endpoints (agglutinating titres, NBT activity, and splenic il-1β and ifn-γ transcription) were assessed on days 7, 14, 21, 35, and 42 post-vaccination. The survival cohort was challenged intraperitoneally at day 21 with a homologous A. hydrophila strain and monitored for 14 days post-challenge. Vaccination was clinically well tolerated and improved survival relative to controls, with P4 showing the highest protection (RPS 81.8%). Agglutinating titres differed by treatment and time; at the peak sampling point (day 35), mean titres in P4 were ~200-fold higher than in P1, and model contrasts indicated significant differences versus controls (p<0.001). Splenic il-1β and ifn-γ transcript levels were higher in vaccinated groups than in controls at later time points. These findings support further evaluation of an oil-adjuvanted polyvalent inactivated A. hydrophila vaccine for gourami, including dose optimisation, extended safety assessment, heterologous challenge, and field validation.

First microphological and molecular parasitological survey of Benedenia in humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) of Lampung and Situbondo, Indonesia MUHAMMAD KHOLIQUL AMIIN; SRI SUBEKTI; ENDANG DEWI MASITHAH; DWITHA NIRMALA; MUCHAMMAD YUNUS; MUHAMMAD BROWIJOYO SANTANUMURTI; ARIEF RAHMAN RIVAIE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241247

Abstract. Amiin MK, Subekti S, Masithah ED, Nirmala D, Yunus M, Santanumurti MB, Rivaie AR. 2023. First microphological and molecular parasitological survey of Benedenia in humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) of Lampung and Situbondo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6858-6867. Capsalid monogenean infections, such as Benedenia, affect grouper aquaculture production. Benedenia will cause lesions and skin damage which will cause fish prices to drop. Secondary infection from bacteria, viruses, and fungi by Benedenia triggers a slow growth rate and even mortality. Benedenia infection on grouper has been conducted in Indonesia, specifically in this study in Lampung and Situbondo. However, molecular identification of this parasite is still lacking. This study aims to determine the microscopic and molecular characteristics of Benedenia from the Hurun Bay waters of Lampung and the North Coast of the Java Sea, Situbondo. The main parameters observed in this study were DNA base sequence, morphology, and phylogenetic tree. Benedenia from Lampung (637 bp) and Situbondo (741 bp) in this study was confirmed by the morphological and molecular close as Benedenia sargocentron with nucleotides. Interestingly, the similarity was less than 98% with B. sargocentron with accession ID JN797597.1 (similarity of 97.15% from Lampung and 86.33% from Situbondo). It could be indicated as a new species of Benedenia. The prevalence of Benedenia in Lampung was 90%, while Situbondo showed 80% with 3 parasite/fish intensity for each location. The outcome of this study is the characteristics of Benedenia from Lampung and Situbondo were similar to B. sargocentron according to morphological and molecular identification. This is the first report of B. sargocentron from Lampung and Situbondo since no molecular identification has been done in those places to confirm their species. Further research by another molecular target apart from 28S rRNA should be needed to identify this parasite more accurately.

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