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Journal : Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia

Kinetics Study on Thermal Degradation of Polystyrene and Sulfonated Polystyrene from Styrofoam Waste Pramono, Edi; Dewi, Chintya; Rahmawati, Fitria
Molekul Vol 18 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7306

Abstract

This research studied kinetics of thermal degradation of polystyrene (PS), and sulfonated polustyrene (sPS) which were synthesized from styrofoam waste. The thermal study was conducted by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at various heating rate of 10, 15, 20 and 25 dpm. The kinetics parameters were determined by Coats Redfern (CR), Friedman (FM), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) models. TGA result found that PS has range thermal stability of 274 – 415 oC, but sPS has range thermal stability of 175 – 582 oC. Kinetic study to PS shows that the activation energy increases by the increasing of fraction conversion for all kinetics parameters with a regression value close to 1. While in sPS, the CR method shows an increase in activation energy value with an increasing fraction convertion. On the other hand, CR-FM-KAS and OFM methods obtained an increase in activation energy, then decreased at the fraction convertion above 0.6, and received negative activation energy. The kinetics model successfully explains the degradation of PS and sPS. In addition, the high thermal stability of sPS from styrofoam waste shows that this material has good potential as polymer electrolyte materials.
The Role of The Ni/HZSM-5 Ratio on The Anisole Hydrodeoxygenation Reaction Nugrahaningtyas, Khoirina Dwi; Nurcahyo, I F; Hidayat, Yuniawan; Rahmawati, Fitria; Fadlulloh, Zaki; Heraldy, Eddy; Qurrotul'aini, Nisriina 'Abidah
Molekul Vol 19 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.2.11105

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Bio-oil is a renewable energy source with high oxygen levels, and anisole is a chemical widely employed in research to represent it. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reduces the oxygen content. A catalyst known as nickel-modified HZSM-5 has shown promising results for HDO. Meanwhile, catalyst efficiency depends on the Ni/HZSM-5 ratio. So, this study aims to determine how the Ni/HZSM-5 ratio influences the catalyst's properties, activity, and selectivity in anisole HDO. The Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst was made using the wet impregnation method with various ratios of Ni/HZSM-5. The catalysts were analyzed for their morphology using scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The diffraction patterns were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Surface area and porosity were determined through gas sorption analysis (GSA). Then, the acidity strength was evaluated via temperature-programmed ammonia desorption (NH3-TPD). The characterization results show Ni was successfully impregnated and distributed evenly in HZSM-5 without changing the primary structure. Adding Ni metal to HZSM-5 increases the surface area of the catalyst but reduces its acid strength. The catalytic performance of the catalysts was then evaluated in a flow reactor at 400 °C, using 15 mL/min H2 gas. The liquid products of the reaction were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The results of the catalytic performance show that Ni4.5/HZSM-5 has the highest catalytic activity in anisole conversion. At the same time, Ni6.4/HZSM-5 shows the highest selectivity towards benzene-toluene-xylene (BTX). Keywords: Hydrodeoxygenation, nickel, anisole, heterogeneous catalyst, acidity.