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Muh. Irwan
Department Of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Physics Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Integrating Factorial Design and Sustainable Porogen Templating for Controlled Surface Area in Hydroxyapatite Agung Prabowo; Ahmad Fadli; Heni Sugesti; Reno Susanto; Muh. Irwan; Ramli Thahir; Mustafa
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jsmi.2026.16683

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a widely used biomaterial due to its excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity. Its specific surface area (SSA) is a key parameter governing protein adsorption, cell attachment, and tissue integration. In this study, porous HA was synthesized via a precipitation method using natural rubber latex as a biodegradable porogen. The effects of reaction temperature (X₁), stirring speed (X₂), and latex ratio (X₃) on SSA were systematically investigated using a 2³ full factorial design with center points. This work introduces a data-driven synthesis approach integrating statistical design with a sustainable porogen system to resolve parameter interactions beyond conventional methods. Reaction temperature was identified as the dominant factor, increasing SSA from ~23–26 m²/g to 41–60 m²/g between 70 and 90 °C. Stirring speed and latex ratio showed minor individual effects but exhibited condition-dependent interactions with temperature. The regression model demonstrated good predictive capability (R² = 0.95, RMSE = 4.21 m²/g), although a significant lack-of-fit indicated underlying nonlinear behavior. Mechanistically, higher temperature promotes nucleation-dominated growth, while excessive stirring induces agglomeration. These findings provide a robust framework for tailoring HA surface properties and advancing the design of porous biomaterials for biomedical applications.
Development of Chitosan–Activated Carbon Composite Adsorbent Films for Fe²⁺ Removal: A Full Factorial Design Approach Agung Prabowo; Rafi Raihan Nugraha; kusyanto; Dwiyan Satria Prakasa; Ibnu Eka Rahayu; Muh. Irwan; Cindi Amborowati; Yuli Patmawati; Marlinda
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jsmi.2026.16721

Abstract

Iron (Fe)-contaminated wastewater from industrial activities poses significant environmental challenges, motivating the development of efficient and sustainable treatment technologies. This study investigated a chitosan–activated carbon composite adsorbent film for Fe²⁺ removal using a 2³ full factorial design. The material was prepared by solvent casting, with polyethylene glycol (PEG) used as a pore-forming agent and activated carbon as the principal adsorbent. The effects of PEG concentration, activated carbon loading, and stirring time on residual Fe concentration were evaluated. The term “membrane” in the original study is used here only in the fabrication sense; the material was evaluated as an adsorptive film rather than as a size-selective nanofiltration or microfiltration membrane. Direct porosity or pore-size characterization was not performed, so the proposed roles of PEG in pore formation and of chitosan/activated carbon in Fe²⁺ uptake are interpreted from the fabrication procedure, adsorption trends, and FTIR observations rather than from direct pore-structure measurements. FTIR spectra were consistent with retention of characteristic hydroxyl (–OH), amino (–NH₂), C–N, and C–O–C functional groups, although baseline drift and spectral noise limit the conclusiveness of the FTIR evidence. Among the eight experimental runs, the lowest residual Fe concentration observed was 7.750 mg L⁻¹ at 750 mg PEG, 40 wt% activated carbon, and 4 h stirring. The unreplicated factorial model gave R² = 0.924, but the overall model and individual factor effects were not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level (p > 0.05), with only one residual degree of freedom. Accordingly, the reported formulation is the best-performing experimental run within the tested design space, not a statistically validated optimum. Replicated experiments, porosity characterization, and microscopy are recommended to establish the controlling factors and adsorption mechanism more rigorously.
RSM Optimization of Used Engine Oil Recovery Using Coal-Based Activated Carbon in a Pyrolysis–Distillation Unit Alwathan; Muh. Irwan; Ramli Thahir; Sirajuddin; Siti Hamidah
Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): August-October
Publisher : Science and Technology Research Centre Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/asset.v8i4.3705

Abstract

Recovery of hydrocarbon compounds from waste lubricating oil has gained considerable attention because of its potential as an alternative liquid fuel source and its contribution to environmental protection. Besides containing valuable hydrocarbons, waste lubricating oil also contains sulfur compounds and heavy metals that may reduce fuel quality and cause environmental pollution. This study evaluates the recovery of waste lubricating oil through a pyrolysis–distillation process assisted by activated carbon derived from low-rank coal from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The activated carbon was synthesized through carbonization and chemical activation and characterized using iodine number analysis to determine its adsorption capability. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize pyrolysis temperature and activated carbon dosage in order to maximize liquid yield and contaminant removal efficiency. The synthesized activated carbon exhibited an iodine number of 1163.51 mg/g. Optimization predicted optimum conditions at 416.54 °C and 12.87 wt.% activated carbon dosage, producing 89.67% liquid yield and approximately 76% contaminant removal efficiency. Experimental validation confirmed the model prediction, resulting in 88% liquid yield with satisfactory fuel characteristics. 
Co-Authors Abdul Halim Abdul Muis Abdul Rahman Agung Prabowo Ahmad Fadli Alwatan Sofian Alwathan Andri Kurniawan Annisa Gunarti Arief Adhiksana Aswin Cindi Amborowati Desi Purnama Sari Dian Ramadhani Putri Dodi Yapsenang Dwiyan Satria Prakasa Fahrizal Febry Nugroho Hamdani Saidi Harjanto Harjanto Heni Sugesti Ibnu Eka Rahayu Kusyanto Kusyanto Linthin, Agnesia Pulung M. A. Rachman M. K. Yandi Marcopolo Ginting Mardhiyah Nadir Marinda Rahim Marlinda Marlinda Marlinda Masing MUhammad Taufik Mustafa Mustafa Mustafa Mustafa Mustafa Nadir, Mardhiyah Noversi Allolayuk Rafi Raihan Nugraha Rahayu, Ibnu Eka Rahma Anggraini Ramli Ramli Ramli Ramli Ramli Ramli Thahir Reno Susanto Sirajuddin Sirajuddin Sirajuddin Siti Hamidah Suparno Suparno Syarifuddin Oko Wahyudi Wahyudi Wahyudi Wahyudi Wahyudi, Wahyudi Yuli Patmawati Zainal Arifin