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Radicalism in Indonesia: Modelling and Legal Construction Usman, Usman; Hafrida, Hafrida; Rapik, Mohamad; Maryati, Maryati; Sabri, Ahmad Zaharuddin Sani Ahmad
Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Vol 8 No 2 (2023): Contemporary Issues on Law, Development, and Justice: Indonesian Context and Beyo
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jils.v8i2.71520

Radicalism, commonly intertwined with terrorism, assumes a critical role in Indonesia's efforts to counter and deradicalize individuals as part of its broader counterterrorism strategies. Despite the incorporation of contra-radicalization and deradicalization measures within the Indonesian Anti-Terrorism Law, the legal framework lacks a precise definition of radicalism. The absence of a clear legal concept prompts ongoing debates among academics and political entities, leaving the definitive elucidation of radicalism largely within the purview of the government. This article contends that for the sake of achieving conceptual uniformity and ensuring legal clarity, a formal regulation addressing the nuanced dimensions of radicalism is imperative. The objective herein is to scrutinize the existing model for gauging radicalism in the Indonesian context and subsequently formulate a robust legal construct surrounding this complex phenomenon. To this end, a set of four criteria—intolerance, fanaticism, exclusiveness, and revolutionary fervor—has been devised to quantitatively measure the extent of radicalism. This measurement process involves the administration of interviews or surveys, with the resultant data shedding light on respondents' inclinations and tendencies. The proposed legal framework posits that an individual or group can be categorized as radical only when they meet the predefined criteria encapsulated within the regulations, encompassing the four specified dimensions. By delineating and operationalizing these criteria, this research endeavors to contribute to the development of a comprehensive legal framework for addressing radicalism in Indonesia. This approach not only facilitates a more nuanced understanding of radicalism but also provides a tangible basis for legal categorization and intervention. Ultimately, the aim is to enhance the effectiveness of counterterrorism efforts by establishing a clear and standardized definition of radicalism within the Indonesian legal landscape.

Remission for Terrorist Convicts: Challenges and Solutions to the Indonesian Law Najemi, Andi; Rapik, Mohamad; Rosmidah, Rosmidah
Jambe Law Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Jambi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/jlj.5.1.67-79

This article aims at discussing remission granted upon terrorsime convicts. It has been debated among academics as to whether giving remision or reduction of sentence upon the pepertrator of an extra ordinary crime is a wise policy or not. Some of them argue that Indoensia is a country based on law. Any policy, therefore, shall refer to laws which allow remision for any prisoners who have met certain conditions including terrorism convicts. Other academics, however, insist on argument that providing remission to terrorism conficts is nothing but to let to destroy the country for they (the terrorists) might hold radical views which are not recovered with imprisonment. In this article, the authors argue that the laws are still the main reference as long as the legal perspective is concerned. However, as the laws have not provided special regulation for granting remission upon terrrorism convicts, this article proposed to ammend or revisit the laws related to such issue. The revision or ammendmet is urgent in order to provide wiser regulation as long remission upon terrorism convicts is concerned

Islamizing Environmental Law in Indonesia; Rethinking the Green Fatwa Najemi, Andi; Rapik, Mohamad
Jambe Law Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Jambi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/home.v7i1.290

The enforcement of environmental law in Indonesia is inseparable from the existence of laws regulating the environment. However, the said law and its enforcement fail on a large scale to ask people to participate positively in environmental protection and conservation. The failure to apply and enforce the law has inspired many activisms to look at Islamic principles as the potential value to help the protection of the environment. In Indonesia, green fatwas have also been enacted to help address the issues. While many articles and academic works begin to propose Islamic environmentalism, this article goes even further by proposing the Islamization of environmental legislation. As a doctrinal study, this article relies on legal material related to the topic of green fatwas and environmental law. To sharpen the analysis, this article also employs social engineering theory. This article demonstrates dualism between the green fatwas and environmental law has resulted in the failure to attract people’s compliance. Therefore, the article recommends that assimilation between the green fatwas and the environmental law be made in the future politics of law concerning environmental law.

Bentuk Pidana Anak Pelaku Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas Yang Menyebabkan Kematian Prayoga, Surian Rahma; Lasmadi, Sahuri; Rapik, Mohamad
PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/pampas.v5i1.31796

The purpose of this study is to find out how the criminal liability of children as perpetrators of traffic violations that cause death based on the Analysis of Decision Number 58/Pid.Sus/2020PN Mbn and Decision Number 1/Pid.Sus-Anak/2020/PT Jmb. The formulation of the problem in this writing, namely: 1) How is the criminal responsibility of children perpetrators of traffic violations that cause death?, and 2) What is the basis for the judge's consideration in Decision Number 58/Pid.Sus/2020PN Mbn. In writing this thesis, the author uses normative juridical research methods using a statute approach, a case approach and a conceptual approach. The legal materials that the author uses are Primary Legal Materials, Secondary Legal Materials and Tertiary Legal Materials. Results of research on this thesis 1) Based on the facts at trial that the child perpetrator is forced to follow orders from his parents, so he cannot refuse to continue running the vehicle as instructed by his parents. Middelijke Daderschap (An act with an intermediary) is a person who wants to do a delict not to do it himself, but to tell others to do it, in that act must meet an important condition, namely that the person told must be a person who cannot be accounted for according to the Criminal Code, 2) The basis for the judge's consideration in Decision Number 58 / Pid.Sus/2020/PN Mbn. is in accordance with Pasal 55 ayat 1, namely the criminal act of participation (deelneming) and this decision also contains elements of vicarious liability. Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana anak sebagai pelaku pelanggaran lalu lintas yang menyebabkan kematian berdasarkan Analisis Putusan Nomor 58/Pid.Sus/2020PN Mbn dan Putusan Nomor 1/Pid.Sus-Anak/2020/PT Jmb. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penulisan ini, yaitu: 1) Bagaimanakah pertanggungjawaban pidana anak pelaku pelanggaran lalu lintas yang menyebabkan kematian?, dan 2) Apa dasar pertimbangan hakim pada Putusan Nomor 58/Pid.Sus/2020PN Mbn. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach), pendekatan kasus (case approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Bahan hukum yang penulis gunakan adalah Bahan Hukum Primer, Bahan Hukum Sekunder dan Bahan Hukum Tersier. Hasil dari penelitian pada skripsi ini 1) Berdasarkan fakta di persidangan bahwa pelaku anak dalam keadaan terpaksa untuk mengikuti perintah dari orang tuanya, sehingga tidak dapat menolak untuk terus menjalankan kendaraan sebagaimana perintah yang diberikan oleh orang tuanya tersebut. Middelijke Daderschap (Perbuatan dengan perantara) adalah seseorang yang berkehendak melakukan suatu delict tidak melakukannya sendiri, akan tetapi menyuruh orang lain melakukannya, dalam perbuatan tersebut harus memenuhi syarat penting, yaitu orang yang di suruh itu harus orang yang tidak bisa dipertanggungjawabkan menurut KUHP, 2) Dasar pertimbangan hakim pada Putusan Nomor 58/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Mbn. yaitu sesuai dengan dengan Pasal 55 ayat 1 yaitu tindak pidana penyertaan (deelneming) dan putusan ini juga mengandung unsur pertanggungjawaban pidana pengganti (vicarious liability).

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Hacktivist dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana di Indonesia Maharani, Puan; Hafrida, Hafrida; Rapik, Mohamad
PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/pampas.v5i2.33291

This article aims to analyze the criminal liability of hacktivists in Indonesia. In an increasingly advanced digital era, hacktivism has become a significant phenomenon in cyberspace. Hacktivists are individuals or groups who use hacking techniques to voice socio-political ambitions or convey ideological messages related to issues that occur in society. Specifically, this article concerns how the criminal liability of hacktivists in Indonesia and how the legal policy of criminal liability by hacktivists in Indonesia in the future. As normative juridical research, this article refers to the applicable laws and regulations. The results of this study indicate that hacktivists criminal liability in Indonesia experiences several obstacles, including the absence of specific regulation of hacktivism in legislation and obstacles in law enforcement that affect criminal liability by hacktivists. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the criminal law into legislation so that hacktivism can be specifically sanctioned as well as more effective cybercrime countermeasures. In addition, close cooperation between authorities and law enforcement agencies is needed to improve the ability to deal with cyber attacks and ensure effective criminal liability for hacktivists. Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pertanggungjawaban pidana hacktivist di Indonesia. Dalam era digital yang semakin maju, hacktivisme telah menjadi fenomena yang signifikan di dunia maya. Pelaku yang melakukan hacktivisme disebut hacktivist, ialah individu atau kelompok yang menggunakan teknik peretasan untuk menyuarakan ambisi sosial politik atau menyampaikan pesan ideologi terkait isu-isu yang terjadi di masyarakat. Secara khusus, artikel ini mempermasalahkan bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana hacktivist di Indonesia dan bagaimana kebijakan hukum dari pertanggungjawaban pidana hacktivist di Indonesia ke depannya. Sebagai penelitian yuridis normatif, artikel ini mengacu pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertanggungjawaban pidana hacktivist di Indonesia mengalami beberapa hambatan, antara lain tidak diaturnya hacktivisme secara khusus dalam peraturan perundang-undangan dan hambatan dalam penegakan hukum yang mempengaruhi pertanggungjawaban pidana oleh hacktivist. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pembaharuan hukum pidana terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan agar hacktivisme dapat dikenakan sanksi secara khusus serta upaya penanggulangan cybercrime yang lebih efektif. Selain itu, diperlukan kerjasama yang erat antara pihak berwenang dan lembaga penegak hukum untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dalam menangani serangan siber dan memastikan pertanggungjawaban pidana yang efektif terhadap hacktivist.

Lone-Wolf Terorisme di Indonesia: Fenomena dan Pengaturan Sirait, G Febiola; Rapik, Mohamad; Lasmadi, Sahuri
PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/pampas.v6i1.39397

Terrorism, as a form of radicalism, is an extraordinary crime that violates human rights and is condemned globally. One of its forms is self-terrorism or lone-wolf terrorism, a terror act committed by an individual. This article aims to elaborate on the phenomenon and regulation of lone-wolf terrorism in Indonesia. This article is based on normative legal research and employs legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches to strengthen the analysis. It is concluded that lone-wolf terrorism is a troubling phenomenon for the world. However, despite the intention to limit and combat this act, there are no specific regulations addressing this issue, which allows the act to continue to spread widely Abstrak Terorisme sebagai bentuk radikalisme merupakan kejahatan luar biasa yang melanggar hak asasi manusia dan dikecam secara global. Salah satu bentuknya adalah lone-wolf terrorism, yaitu aksi teror yang dilakukan secara individu dengan memiliki motif tertentu tanpa keterkaitan dengan organisasi atau kelompok. Penelitian ini bertujuan agar memahami tentang fenomena dan pengaturan lone-wolf terrorism di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual dan kasus.

An ASEAN Transboundary Haze Court: Why Does it Matter and How is it Possible? Kusniati, Retno; Helmi, Helmi; Rapik, Mohamad; Permatasari, Bunga; Jaderojananont , Peerapon
Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): Reforming Legal Frameworks: Justice, Rights, and Innovation in Indonesia and Be
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jils.v9i2.4488

As a form of state responsibility as required by the ASEAN Agreement Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP), Indonesia and Thailand have provided sanctions to be imposed to the perpetrators of the forest and land fires. However, the national laws or legal instruments on this matter work only domestically and fail to overcome the effect of the domestic forest and land fires which potentially produce transboundary haze pollution. This paper proposes that the ideas of soft law of the AATHP and the non-intervention of the ASEAN Way should be reconsidered in dealing with transboundary haze pollution and a special regional court has to be made as a central authority to impose sanction upon the perpetrators of forest and land fires that cause the transboundary haze pollution. Using a comparative case study, this article evaluates the state responsibility and the implementation of the AATHP ideas in Indonesia and Thailand and put forward the arguments and the possibilities for installing a special court for transboundary haze pollution. The results demonstrate that, due to its regional needs and institutional and legal norms, ASEAN needs a different model of regional court compared to Uni-European’s one.

Peran Forum Koordinasi Pencegahan Terorisme dalam Menjalankan Program Deradikalisasi Rapik, Mohamad; Permatasari, Bunga; Anisya, Adinda Farah
Journal of Political Issues Vol 1 No 2 (2020): Journal of Political Issues (August - January)
Publisher : Jurusan Ilmu Politik Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/jpi.v1i2.11

This article aims to elaborate an empirical study on the role of the FKPT (Coordintaing Forum on The Eradication of Terrorism). This article is based on an assummtion that the FKPT is a vital agent hoped to play a significant role of dradicalisation. The study was conducted to proof as to wether this assumtion is right or wrong by observing the performaance of this agent. In addition to study of its performance, the article also focuses on the issue of deradicalisation on the assumtion that it is program that the FKPT should play its role. Any affort to eradicate terrorism should only be efficient through a work of deradicalisation. The essence of this program is to shift paradigm or mindset which is believed to have been dangerous and misleading. Applying an empitical legal approach, this study aims to explore deeply the application of the deradicalisation and its influence in enhanching community awareness against the danger of terrorism. It is found through this study that the FKPT, as long as its role is concerned, has been working so efficently by advocating brokers to dessimanate its mission of deradicalisation. However, the study also revealed waknessess during its program showing that the community awareness over the danger of the terrorism ideology has not increasingly shifted as the program might have expected. Istead, as the study revealed, religious extremism seems to have been increased lately. It is suggested through this study that the FKPT work more expansively reaching the root, especially to the lay people and students as they have mostly been the main target of radicalisation and of potentially terrorism.

Tindakan Pencegahan Pembakaran Hutan dalam Perspektif ASEAN Community Kusniati, Retno; Permatasari, Bunga; Rapik, Mohamad
Journal of Political Issues Vol 2 No 2 (2021): Journal of Political Issues (August - January)
Publisher : Jurusan Ilmu Politik Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/jpi.v2i2.37

This article aims to elaborate on the values of the ASEAN Community in preventing forest and land fires through the ASEAN Agreement Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP), and the Implementation of AATHP in Indonesia. This is because the issue of forest and land fires is one of the main issues in the ASEAN region, and its impact causes cross-border air pollution which results in disruption of diplomatic relations among the ASEAN Member States. Even though ASEAN Member countries have agreed to create an ASEAN Community. Therefore, by applying the normative juridical legal research method, this paper intends to explore several things, namely first; how the values of the ASEAN Community in preventing forest and land fires through the ASEAN Agreement Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP), Second, how is the implementation of AATHP in Indonesia. This article finds that the values of the ASEAN Community have been contained in every article regulated in the AATHP for the prevention of forest and land fires that occur in the ASEAN region. Second, Indonesia has ratified the AATHP and made legal products that can reach actors of forest and land burning. This is marked by the passing of the Law on Environmental Protection and Management, the Forestry Law, the Plantation Law, and the Law on Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction. Besides, in Jambi Province, Jambi Province has also established Local Regulation Number 2 of 2016 concerning Prevention and Control of Forest and Land Fires.

Investigative Authority and Institutional Autonomy in Corruption Crimes: A Comparative Study between Indonesia and Hong Kong Erlangga, Dhani; Hafrida; Rapik, Mohamad
PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/pampas.v6i3.48446

This study investigates the comparative framework of investigative authority in corruption crimes between Indonesia and Hong Kong, focusing on the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC). The research aims to analyze the legal foundations, institutional structures, and mechanisms of investigation employed by both countries in combating corruption, and to evaluate their effectiveness, independence, and challenges. Utilizing a normative juridical method with a comparative approach, this study relies on statutory documents, academic literature, and institutional reports as primary sources. Findings reveal that the ICAC operates under a centralized structure with clear mandates and high institutional independence, supported by the common law system, which enhances its operational effectiveness and public trust. Conversely, KPK’s authority is influenced by multi-agency coordination, a civil law system, and legal amendments that have potentially weakened its investigative autonomy and reduced efficiency. This research concludes that while Indonesia has made progress in anti-corruption efforts, structural and legal complexities hinder optimal enforcement. Strengthening KPK’s institutional independence, narrowing its functions to focus on core investigations, and adopting streamlined procedures inspired by ICAC could significantly improve anti-corruption outcomes. The Hong Kong model presents valuable lessons for Indonesia in fostering a more coherent and resilient legal framework for corruption investigation. This study offers a novel contribution by linking the relationship between legal structure and institutional independence in determining the effectiveness of corruption investigations a dimension rarely emphasized in prior comparative studies. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji kerangka perbandingan kewenangan penyidikan dalam tindak pidana korupsi antara Indonesia dan Hong Kong, dengan fokus pada Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) dan Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC). Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dasar hukum, struktur kelembagaan, serta mekanisme penyidikan yang diterapkan oleh kedua negara, sekaligus mengevaluasi efektivitas, independensi, serta tantangan yang dihadapi masing-masing lembaga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan hukum, serta didasarkan pada studi pustaka terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur akademik, dan dokumen kelembagaan yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ICAC beroperasi secara terpusat dengan kewenangan yang jelas dan independensi kelembagaan yang tinggi, didukung oleh sistem hukum common law yang memperkuat efektivitas operasional dan kepercayaan publik. Sebaliknya, kewenangan KPK dipengaruhi oleh sistem koordinasi antar lembaga, sistem hukum civil law, serta perubahan regulasi yang cenderung melemahkan otonomi dan efisiensi penyidikan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Indonesia perlu memperkuat independensi kelembagaan KPK, menyederhanakan fungsinya agar lebih fokus pada penyidikan, serta mengadopsi prosedur yang lebih ringkas seperti yang diterapkan oleh ICAC. Model Hong Kong memberikan pelajaran berharga bagi Indonesia dalam membangun sistem hukum pemberantasan korupsi yang lebih tangguh dan terarah. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis hubungan antara struktur hukum dan tingkat independensi kelembagaan dalam efektivitas penyidikan tindak pidana korupsi, suatu dimensi yang belum banyak dikaji dalam penelitian sebelumnya.

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