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PROMOTING STARTUP BUSINESS’ SUCCESS IN UNIVERSITAS CIPUTRA SURABAYA: THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION Soesanto, Carlyn; Hartono, Wendra; Hongdiyanto, Charly; Ongkowijoyo, Gracia
International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR) Vol 5, No 4 (2021): IJEBAR : Vol. 05, Issue 04, December 2021
Publisher : LPPM ITB AAS INDONESIA (d.h STIE AAS Surakarta)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29040/ijebar.v5i4.2884

Abstract

Entrepreneurship is one of the ways to decrease the unemployment rate and promote economic growth. Entrepreneurial character can be taught through entrepreneurship education, which also help new entrepreneurs to minimize failure rate when starting a business. Universitas Ciputra Surabaya (UCS) is considered as the pioneer of entrepreneurial university in Indonesia and has an entrepreneurship course series called E-Wednesday. This university encourages students to have entrepreneurial spirits. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of entrepreneurship course in UCS toward startup business’ success. Semi-structured interview, documentation, and secondary data were used to collect data. Purposive sampling was used to select informants. The result of this study indicates that E-Wednesday gives positive impact and contributes to students startup business’ success. Students can implement the theories learned when creating real business projects. The entrepreneurship course has important roles such as to provide mentoring, facility, networking, and motivation for students. Specifically, UCS’s E-Wednesday provides students not only business lecturers, but also real entrepreneurs as facilitators. Exhibition, workshop, bazaar, and business incubators are the facilities provided by E-Wednesday to help students develop their businesses. Nonetheless, there are still some improvements to be made for the betterment of E- Wednesday. Keywords: Entrepreneurship Course, Startup Business’ Success, Qualitative Method
Performance Achievements of Family Business through Successor Readiness and The Relationship between Family and Business Members Gracia Ongkowijoyo; Timotius F.C.W Sutrisno; Teofilus Teofilus
Jurnal Manajemen Teori dan Terapan | Journal of Theory and Applied Management Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jmtt.v13i2.19397

Abstract

Family businesses are one of the biggest contributors to Indonesia’s gross domestic product (GDP). Universitas Ciputra facilitate their students with family business guild. Succession plan and communication are important aspects for family businesses. Family businesses must educate potential successors in order to implement the succession plan well. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of preparation level of successors towards family business performance; examine the effect of relationships among family and business members towards family business performance. A quantitative approach was used with a population of Universitas Ciputra’s Family Business Community. Purposive random sampling technique was used, yeilding a total sample of 93 people. The data analysis method used is Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that preparation level of heirs variable has a positive and significant effect on family business performance; the relationship among family and business members variable has a positive and significant effect on family business performance.
Financial Performance Evaluation of PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, Tbk. and PT. Indosat, Tbk. Wendra Hartono; Gracia Ongkowijoyo
JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY (JAEF) Vol 1 No 1 (2019): Journal of Accounting, Entrepreneurship and Financial Technology
Publisher : Accounting Study Program, Universitas Ciputra Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37715/jaef.v1i1.1000

Abstract

Two telecommunications companies in Indonesia have their names listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) namely, PT. Indosat, Tbk. (ISAT) and PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (TLKM) have enlivened the telecommunication industry. This study aims to evaluate the performance of two telecommunications companies in Indonesia by assessing, comparing and analyzing fundamentally, technically and news or company policies occurred in the field during 2017 - May 2018. In Fundamental Analysis, the two companies are categorized as companies that have a good financial condition. However, in the second semester of 2017, telecommunication companies experienced a significant decline in market value, which was contrary to the fundamental analysis. If viewed from a technical perspective, this telecommunication service company has good prospects for the future. Company policy or news is also one of the determining factors for the increase or decrease in stock prices. The overall results of the study concluded that TLKM shares have a fundamental, and technical, that is better than ISAT, while news and company policies can be investors' supporting data in determining stock purchases.
The influence of entrepreneurship education towards entrepreneurial intention mediated by attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control of business management students at Universitas Ciputra Surabaya Cynthia Hartono; Wendra Hartono; Charly Hongdiyanto; Gracia Ongkowijoyo
Proceeding of the International Conference on Family Business and Entrepreneurship 2022: Proceeding of the 5th International Conference on Family Business and Entrepreneurship
Publisher : President University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3988.331 KB) | DOI: 10.33021/icfbe.v2i1.3581

Abstract

One of the major problems in Indonesia is inadequate number of workers with the number of job positions available. Hence, it is better for people with productive age, especially the one that is educated, to have an orientation or intention to create job, rather than being a job seeker. Entrepreneurship education is considerably believed to be a prominent element in forming one’s entrepreneurial intention. Nevertheless, many studies show few consistent results on the direct impact of entrepreneurship education on individual's entrepreneurial intention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the influence of entrepreneurship education toward entrepreneurial intention with Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) approach as a mediator. This theory clarified that there are three primary forces that influence an individual's intentions, which are attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. The approach to this research is quantitative method, where the data collected will be     analysed statistically using PLS-SEM. The researcher selected the population of 992 business management students at Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, who are registered in the academic year of 2017 and 2018. By using purposive sampling method, the total samples that successfully collected are 305 samples. The result of this study concludes that the direct relationship between entrepreneurship education to entrepreneurial intention shows no significant effect. Nevertheless, entrepreneurship education can significantly influence entrepreneurial intention if it is fully mediated by attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. Ajzen, I.(1988).Attitudes,Personality,andBehavior. Chicago:DorseyPress. Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and HumanDecisionProcesses,Vol. 50, No. 2, 179-211. Basu, A., & Virick, M. (2008). Assessing Entrepreneurial Intentions Amongst Students: AComparative Study. 12th Annual Meeting of the National Collegiate Inventors andInnovatorsAlliance, Dallas, USA, 19-21. Bui, T. H. V., Nguyen, T. L. T., Tran, M. D., & Nguyen, T. A. T.T. (2020). DeterminantsInfluencingEntrepreneurialIntentionamongUndergraduatesinUniversitiesofVietnam,Journalof Asian Finance, Economics andBusiness,7(7): 369-378 Do Paco, A. et al. (2011). Behaviours and Entrepreneurial Intention: Empirical Findings About Secondary Students. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Vol. 9 No. 1, 20-38. Farooq, M. et al. (2018). Impact of support from social network on entrepreneurial intention of fresh business graduates A structural equation modelling approach. Education + Training, Vol. 60, No. 4, 335-353. Galloway, L., & Brown, W. (2002). Entrepreneurship Education at University: A Driver in the Creation of High Growth Firms? Education+Training, Vol. 44 No. 8/9, 398-405. Garson, G. (2016). Partial Least Squares: Regression & Structural Equation Models.         Statistical Associates Publishing. Gerba, D. (2012). Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of business and engineering students in Ethiopia. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies.Vol. 3, No. 2., 258 - 277. Hair, Jr., J. et al. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Second Edition. Los Angeles: Sage Publication. Kshetri, N. (2018). Global Entrepreneurship. Global Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429458996 Kuehn, K. (2008). Entrepreneurial intentions research: implications for entrepreneurship education. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, Vol. 11, 87-98. Kusmintarti, A., Riwajanti, N. I., & Asdani, A. (2017). Pendidikan Kewirausahaan dan Intensi Kewirausahaan dengan Sikap Kewirausahaan sebagai Mediasi. Jurnal Riset dan Aplikasi: Akuntansi dan Manajemen, Vol. 2 No. 2, 119-128.Luc, P. T. (2020). Outcome Expectations and Social Entrepreneurial Intention: Integration of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Career Theory. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(6): 399-407. Lu, H., & Wang, J. (2018). Entrepreneurial Intention of Two Patterns of Planned Behaviour and Alertness: Empirical Evidence in China. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 5(2): 63-72. Paray, Z., & Kumar, S. (2020). Does entrepreneurship education influence entrepreneurial intention among students in HEI’s? The role of age,gender and degree background. Journal of International Education in Business, Vol. 13 No. 1, 55-72. Phan, L. T. (2018). The Relationship between Perceived Access to Finance and Social Entrepreneurship Intentions among University Students in Vietnam. Journal of Asian Finance Economics and Business, 5(1), 63-72. Pratana, N. K., & Margunani. (2019). Pengaruh Sikap Berwirausaha, Norma Subjektif dan Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Terhadap Intensi Berwirausaha. Economic Education Analysis Journal, Vol. 8 No. 2, 533-550. Puni, A., Anlesinya, A., & Korsorku, P. (2018). Entrepreneurial education, self-efficacy and intentions in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, Vol. 9 No. 4, 492-511. Rasli, A. et al. (2013). Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention Among Graduate Students of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Social Science.Vol. 4 No. 2, 182-188 . Santi, N., Hamzah, A., & Rahmawati, T. (2017). Pengaruh Efikasi Diri, Norma Subjektif, Sikap Berperilaku, dan Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Terhadap Intensi Berwirausaha. Jurnal Inspirasi Bisnis dan Manajemen, Vol. 1 No. 1, 63-74. Schwarz, E. et al. (2009). The effects of attitudes and perceived environment conditions on students’ entrepreneurial intent: an Austrian perspective. Education Training, Vol. 51 No. 4, 272-291. Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Method for Business: A Skill-Building Approach Seventh Edition. Chichester UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 22 No. 4, 566-591. Sun, H. et al. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intention of engineering students in HongKong. Management Decision, Vol. 55 No. 7, 1371-1393.  Thompson, E. (2009). Individual entrepreneurial intent: construct clarification and development of an internationally reliable metric. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 33 No. 3, 669-694. Utami, C. W. (2017). Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavior, Entrepreneurship Education and Self-efficacy toward Entrepreneurial Intention University Student in Indonesia . European Research Studies Journal Volume XX, Issue 2A, 475-495 . Wilson, F., Kickul, J., & Marlino, D. (2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: implications for entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 31 No. 3, 387-406. Zhang, F. et al. (2019). How entrepreneurial learning impacts one’s intention towards entrepreneurship: A planned behavior approach. Chinese Management Studies, Vol. 13 No. 1, 146-170. 
Let's Start Talking: University Accelerators and Their Strategic Intent Alignment with Entrepreneurship Education in Indonesia. Alex Maritz; Sobhan Arisian; Elia Ardyan; Gracia Ongkowijoyo
Jurnal Minds: Manajemen Ide dan Inspirasi Vol 10 No 1 (2023): June
Publisher : Management Department, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/minds.v10i1.32949

Abstract

This paper aims to explore the significance of university accelerators (UAs) in Indonesia by examining neoteric global best practices for aligning university entrepreneurship strategic intent. We introduce an iterative aspect and emerging investigation into multi-method research, which includes a quantitative examination of Indonesian UAs and analyses of entrepreneurial strategic objectives and narratives based on best practice accelerator applications. Our findings demonstrate the scarce allocation of UAs in Indonesia and the lack of alignment with the strategic intent of universities. Additionally, we found no evidence of entrepreneurship education (EE) integration in Indonesia, indicating the successful outcomes mostly present from the self-effort of students' nascent startups rather than educational impacts. Collaborative and engagement aspects of UAs in broader entrepreneurial ecosystems may deliver a better platform for societal upliftment within an Indonesian context.
PELATIHAN PENDIDIKAN BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS BAGI SISWA-SISWI SEKOLAH MERLION, SURABAYA Kurniawan, Felicia Bella; Agustiono, Agustiono; Hongdiyanto, Charly; Gunawan, Lenny; Ongkowijoyo, Gracia
Jurnal Leverage, Engagement, Empowerment of Community (LeECOM) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Leverage, Engagement, Empowerment of Community (LeECOM)
Publisher : Universitas Ciputra Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37715/leecom.v4i1.2954

Abstract

Menjadi seorang wirausahawan di masa pandemi ini memiliki berbagai tantangan yang rumit. Sedangkan di lain sisi, wirausaha adalah solusi bagi generasi muda untuk menghadapi terbatasnya lowongan pekerjaan. Tujuan pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat kepada siswa-siswi Sekolah Merlion, Surabaya adalah untuk memicu semangat kewirausahaan dini dengan harapan di masa yang akan datang dapat meningkatkan minat kewirausahaan bagi generasi muda. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan oleh para dosen Universitas Ciputra Surabaya kepada siswasiswi SMP dan SMA Sekolah Merlion, Surabaya pada tanggal 24 Januari 2022 secara daring menggunakan Zoom dengan. Secara keseluruhan, para fasilitator berhasil mengajarkan siswa-siswi tentang business model canvas (BMC) yang ditunjukkan dari kemampuan para siswa dalam mendefinisikan dan mengklasifikasi contoh-contoh setiap blok yang ada dalam BMC. Dengan demikian, para siswa mampu mengetahui kondisi dan menganalisis peluang proyek bisnis yang ada secara efektif dan efisien dalam menghadapi persaingan bisnis
APLIKASI DESIGN THINKING DALAM MEMBENTUK POLA PIKIR DAN KARAKTER ENTREPRENEUR BAGI SISWA-SISWI SEKOLAH CIPUTRA SURABAYA Hartono, Wendra; Ongkowijoyo, Gracia; Christian, Sonata; Gunawan, Kartikasari; Andersen, Matthew
Jurnal Leverage, Engagement, Empowerment of Community (LeECOM) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Leverage, Engagement, Empowerment of Community (LeECOM)
Publisher : Universitas Ciputra Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37715/leecom.v4i2.3574

Abstract

Program pembelajaran entrepreneurship merupakan salah satu program pendidikan yang diberikan kepada siswa SMA untuk memberikan pemahaman awal akan entrepreneurship. Dengan memberikan pembelajaran entrepreneurship, maka konsep awal kewirausahaan telah dimiliki oleh siswa SMA sehingga mereka terbiasa untuk berpikir secara kreatif dan inovatif. Siswa Sekolah Ciputra Surabaya Kelas 10 dan 11 pada 18 Agustus 2022 diberikan pemahaman akan design think- ing process sebagai sebuah metode (alat) yang bisa dipakai untuk mencari informasi terkait kebutuhan manusia dan bagaimana cara untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut dengan menghasilkan ide-ide bisnis yang kreatif di Universitas Ciputra Surabaya. Program ini dilakukan dengan memberikan informasi tentang Design Thinking yang meliputi lima tahap, yaitu Empathize—Re- search Your Users’ Needs, Define—State Your Users’ Needs and Issues, Ideate—Challenge Assump- tions and Create Ideas, Prototype — Start to Create Solutions, serta Test—Try Your Solutions Out. Tahapan tersebut dijelaskan dengan memberikan contoh-contoh real aktivitas nyata yang terjadi di lapangan, khususnya di Surabaya. Aktivitas yang dilakukan di kelas adalah memberi contoh botol plastik bekas air minum mineral. Siswa secara berkelompok diberikan waktu untuk mencoba berpikir secara kreatif bagaimana menggunakan sampah tersebut sehingga bernilai jual. Setelah itu, siswa diberikan kesempatan untuk mempresentasikan ide kreatif mereka dan diberikan saran serta masukan baik dari fasilitator maupun teman lainnya.
THE EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AND FAMILY BUSINESS BACKGROUND ON THE INTENTION TO CONTINUE THE FAMILY BUSINESS AS THE NEXT GENERATION ON FAMILY BUSINESS STUDENTS IN CIPUTRA UNIVERSITY Ortega Sevylla Tandra; Wiliam Santoso; Wendra Hartono; Charly Hongdiyanto; Gracia Ongkowijoyo
International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR) Vol 6, No 3 (2022): IJEBAR, Vol. 6 Issue 3, September 2022
Publisher : LPPM ITB AAS INDONESIA (d.h STIE AAS Surakarta)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29040/ijebar.v6i3.6446

Abstract

This Research is conducted to analyze the effect of entrepreneurship education and family business background on the intention to continue the family business as the next generation. This questionnaire was distributed to active students who are members of the Family Business Guild Classes 8.9 and 10 with a total of 169 respondents. This study uses Cluster Sampling where the sample will be divided by each batch. The data analysis method used in this research is Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software with multiple linear regression analysis technique. The results of the analysis of this study stated that Entrepreneurship Education had no significant effect on the intention to continue the family business and the background of the family business had a positive relationship and had a significant effect on the intention to continue the family business. So it is stated that one of the factors that can influence students' interest in continuing their family business is the background of the family business. Where the child is able to establish good relations with the family so that work is not forced.
THE EFFECT OF SUPPLY CHAIN DRIVERS ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE IN THE INDONESIAN FOOD AND BEVARAGE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY Ongkowijoyo, Gracia
DeReMa (Development Research of Management): Jurnal Manajemen Vol 19, No 1 (2024): May
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/derema.v19i1.8066

Abstract

The food and beverage industry is a major contributor to the Indonesian economy, and the Covid-19 epidemic heavily influenced its supply chain sustainability. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of innovation and demand optimization on partnerships in production and production performance in the food and beverage manufacturing industry in Indonesia. This research is a quantitative study using PLS-SEM. Data collection in this study was carried out by distributing questionnaires with a sample of 54 respondents of owners and managers working in the medium-large food and beverage manufacturing companies in Indonesia. The findings indicate that innovation and demand optimization can encourage companies to do partnerships in production. Innovation and demand optimization also shown to improve company’s production performance. However, there is no significant effect between partnerships in production and production performance. This is because partnerships often experience a dilemma due to the influence on company performance which may either be favorable or unfavorable to the production performance. The research findings extend literature of supply chain management in the context of internal perspectives of the companies. The context of the research is limited to small numbers of medium-large companies in Indonesia, thus, call for further examination with a larger sample size and in different contexts for further finding generalization. This research provides broader view on the internal perspectives of company’s supply chain management through the perspective of Resource Based View, as well as providing several suggestions for managers of medium-large food and beverage manufacturing companies in developing countries.Abstrak dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Industri makanan dan minuman merupakan kontributor utama perekonomian Indonesia, dan pandemi Covid-19 sangat mempengaruhi keberlanjutan rantai pasokannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh inovasi dan optimalisasi permintaan terhadap kemitraan produksi dan kinerja produksi pada industri manufaktur makanan dan minuman di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan PLS-SEM. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner dengan sampel sebanyak 54 responden pemilik dan manajer yang bekerja pada perusahaan manufaktur makanan dan minuman menengah-besar di Indonesia. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa inovasi dan optimalisasi permintaan dapat mendorong perusahaan untuk melakukan kemitraan dalam produksi. Inovasi dan optimalisasi permintaan juga terbukti meningkatkan kinerja produksi perusahaan. Namun, kemitraan produksi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja produksi. Hal ini disebabkan karena kemitraan produksi seringkali mengalami dilema apakah bisa menguntungkan atau merugikan terhadap kinerja produksi. Temuan penelitian ini memperluas literatur manajemen rantai pasokan dalam konteks perspektif internal perusahaan. Konteks penelitian ini terbatas pada sejumlah kecil perusahaan menengah-besar di Indonesia, sehingga memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dan dalam konteks yang berbeda untuk meningkatkan generalisasi temuan penelitian. Penelitian ini memberikan pandangan yang lebih luas mengenai perspektif internal manajemen rantai pasok perusahaan melalui perspektif Resource Based View, serta memberikan beberapa saran bagi para manajer perusahaan manufaktur makanan dan minuman menengah-besar di negara berkembang
INVESTIGATING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ GREEN ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION: A PATHWAY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY Prayogo, Jocelyn Cynara; ongkowijoyo, Gracia
PERFORMA Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): Performa
Publisher : Universitas Ciputra Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37715/jp.v9i1.4680

Abstract

Abstract: Environmental degradation is an urgency that all countries must overcome, and active participation is crucial for sustainable development. Indonesia is among the top ten contributors to global emissions, but green literacy is poorly known in developing countries. The Indonesian government has initiated to transform the economy towards green, sustainable, and circular. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are fundamental pillars of Indonesia's economy, with entrepreneurs accounting for 61% of the overall value. Green entrepreneurs play a significant role in addressing environmental degradation and social issues while also facilitating the transition towards a sustainable green economy. Therefore, green entrepreneurs have a massive role in solving environmental damage and paving the path to green economic growth. Since youth represent the prospective entrepreneurs of the future, it is essential to foster their green entrepreneurship capabilities, to improve the economy's sustainability. This research adopted a quantitative methodology, wherein the data gathered through surveys was subjected to statistical analysis using the SmartPLS software. The present study employed the purposive non-probability sampling method to collect a sample of 235 Indonesian business management students as the objects. This study's findings suggest a positive and significant relationship between social responsibility, green cognition, and green entrepreneurial self-efficacy toward green entrepreneurial intention. In addition, the results show that green entrepreneurial self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between social responsibility and green cognition variables toward students' green entrepreneurial intention. Previous study about entrepreneurship has been widely researched, however, green entrepreneurship is an emerging topic that has not been explored yet. The findings of this study show personality traits can influence students to engage in green entrepreneurship, respond to climate change, and contribute to a sustainable future. This research will provide valuable insights for policymakers and universities in designing effective strategies to foster individuals' green entrepreneurial traits. Suggestions for future research are also provided.