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All Journal Imajinasi JEJAK AGRARIS: Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development Research The Journal of Educational Development Mimbar Agribisnis: Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture JURNAL PANGAN International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (IJFANRES) Jurnal Agribest Journal of Coffee and Sustainability
Mohammad Rondhi
Penulis adalah dosen Seni Rupa FBS UNNES, seorang magister bidang antropologi
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Social Sciences Other

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Journal : JURNAL PANGAN

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Ketimpangan Spasial Pasokan Beras dan Implikasinya terhadapKetahanan Pangan di Pulau Sumatra (Spatial Disparities in Rice Supply and Their Implications for FoodSecurity in Sumatra Island) Ayamilah, Yasaroti; Chusamulloh, Muhammad; Hasanah, Julita; Rondhi, Mohammad
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 34 No. 3 (2025): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v34i3.941

Abstract

         Ketimpangan distribusi beras merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpotensi memengaruhi ketahanan pangan regional, khususnya di Pulau Sumatra yang memiliki karakteristik produksi dan konsumsi beras yang sangat bervariasi antarwilayah. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola spasial surplus dan defisit beras antarkabupaten/kota di Pulau Sumatra tahun 2023, mengukur tingkat ketimpangan ketersediaan beras pada periode 2018–2023, serta menguji pengaruh ketimpangan distribusi beras terhadap kerawanan pangan di Pulau Sumatra. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari publikasi resmi Badan Pusat Statistik, Kementerian Pertanian, literatur terkait, serta hasil penelitian terdahulu yang relevan denganmenggunakan analisis spasial, Indeks Williamson, serta regresi data panel menggunakan model Random Effects. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi spasial ketersediaan beras sangat timpang, dengan 62,34 persen wilayah mengalami kondisi defisit beras. Indeks Williamson secara konsisten berada di atas 0,5 yang mengindikasikan tingginya ketimpangan distribusi beras antarwilayah. Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa ketimpangan distribusi berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap Indeks Ketahanan Pangan (p-value: 0,0019). Selanjutnya, pengeluaran per kapita dan tingkat kemiskinan yang merupakan faktor dominan juga memengaruhi ketahanan pangan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa ketahanan pangan di Sumatra lebih dipengaruhi oleh akses ekonomi (demand-side) dibandingkan ketersediaan fisik beras (supply-side). Oleh karena itu, studi ini merekomendasikan agar fokus kebijakan diarahkan pada peningkatan akses ekonomi melalui pengentasan kemiskinan, bantuan sosial, dan stabilisasi harga untuk mencapai ketahanan panganyang inklusif.             Rice distribution inequality is one factor that could affect regional food security, especially on theisland of Sumatra, where rice production and consumption vary widely across regions. This study aimedto analyze the spatial patterns of rice surpluses and deficits across districts/cities on the island of Sumatrain 2023, measured the level of inequality in rice availability during 2018–2023, and examined the effect ofrice distribution inequality on food insecurity on the island of Sumatra. This study used secondary data from official publications of the Central Statistics Agency and the Ministry of Agriculture, relevant literature, and previous research results, including spatial analysis, the Williamson Index, and panel data regression using the Random Effects model. The results showed that the spatial distribution of rice availability is very uneven, with 62.34 percent of the region experiencing rice deficits. The Williamson Index was consistently above 0.5, indicating a high level of inequality in rice distribution between regions. The regression results showed that distribution inequality had a very significant effect on the Food Security Index (p-value: 0.0019). Furthermore, per capita expenditure and poverty levels, which were dominant factors, also affected food security. These findings indicated that food security in Sumatra was more influenced by economic access (demand-side) than by the physical availability of rice (supply-side). Therefore, this study recommended that policy focus be directed toward improving economic access through poverty alleviation, social assistance, and price stabilization in order to achieve inclusive food security.
Co-Authors Adi, Ad Hariyanto Adi, Ad Hariyanto Agus Supriono Anik Suwandari Ati Kusmiati Ayamilah, Yasaroti Chusamulloh, Muhammad Damascena, Cindera Rosa Ebban Bagus Kuntadi Fauziah, Diana Fauziyah, Diana Hapsari, Triana Dewi Hari Nugroho Harwoto, Wahyu Rizki Hasan, Ilham Hasanah, Julita Ignatius Bambang Sugiharto, Ignatius Bambang Imelda, Sisca Joni Murti Mulyo Aji Khasan, Ahmad Fatikhul Mustapit Mustapit Rokhani Rokhani Rokhani, Rokhani Setyawan, Hendrik Soesanto Soesanto Soetriono Soetriono Sugeng Raharto Sulasminingsih, Istiqomah Yanuarti, Rizky Yasuhiro Mori, Yasuhiro Yuli Hariyati