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All Journal Reaktor TEKNIK U Karst Journal of Environment and Sustainability Journal of Research and Technology Jukung (Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan) Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi Terapan Media Karya Kesehatan Prosiding Seminar Teknologi Kebumian dan Kelautan (SEMITAN Journal of Earth and Marine Technology (JEMT) Journal of Applied Sciences, Management and Engineering Technology (JASMET) Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah Environmental Engineering Journal ITATS SERUNAI Journal of Civil Engineering, Planning, and Design (JCEPD) Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika
Maritha Nilam Kusuma
Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya
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Adsorption Capacity of Magnetic Activated Carbon Derived from Snake Fruit (Salacca zalacca) Seeds to Cd(II): Characteristics and Isotherm Model Kusdarini, Esthi; Budianto, Agus; Kusuma, Maritha Nilam; Atiyatussa'adah, Eva
Reaktor Volume 25 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.25.1.%p

Abstract

Salak seeds are an agricultural waste that has the potential to be converted into magnetic activated carbon (MAC). The resulting MAC can be utilized for wastewater treatment, particularly in the adsorption of heavy metals. This study develops a method for producing MAC by forming activated carbon using a chemical activator without physical activation, chosen to reduce energy consumption. The activated carbon is then modified with Fe3O4 composite to render it magnetic and reusable. The objectives of this study are to 1) determine the optimal chemical activator concentration, 2) characterize magnetic activated carbon, 3) evaluate the adsorption capacity of MAC for Cd(II) in wastewater, 4) obtain an adsorption isotherm model of MAC for Cd(II) using the Langmuir and Freundlich models, and 5) analyze the surface morphology and elemental composition of MAC. Chemical activation was performed using an HCl-H3PO4 mixture with equal concentrations in a 1:1 volume ratio, with variable concentrations of 0.55, 1.05, 1.55, 2.05, and 2.55 M. MAC's characteristics and adsorption capacity were analyzed using proximate analysis, BET, SEM-EDX, and AAS. The results showed that: 1) the optimal HCl-H3PO4 concentration was 2.05 M, 2) MAC contained 1% moisture, 21.88% volatile matter, 38% ash, 39.13% fixed carbon, iodine number of 1218.24 mg/g, surface area of 175.604 m2/g, and an average pore volume of 26.8093 cc/g, 3) MAC adsorbed Cd(II) from wastewater with an efficiency of 80.12 – 87.75%, 4) the Langmuir isotherm model yielded R2 = 0.9847, qm = 35.0877 mg/g, and b = 0.0285 L/mg, whereas the Freundlich model yielded R2 = 0.9729, n = 1.5881, and kf = 7.6701 mg/g, and 5) MAC exhibited evenly distributed pores and contained dominant elements Fe (30.26%), C (29.08%), O (24.59%), Na (11.27%), with traces of Mg, Al, Mo, and Cl.
Co-Authors Abdul Latif Abdul Latif Adityo Tri Wicaksono Agus Budianto Ahmad Muhajirin Amrozy Muharamin Ardhana, Inka Muthia Arlini Dyah Radityaningrum At-Thayyibi, Muhammad Hafizhni Atiyatussa'adah, Eva Bagus Yossy Harnawan Baswara Yua Kristama Budisantoso Wirjodirdjo Darma, Dimas Wahyu Surya Dewi, Intan Suksma Dimas Wahyu Surya Darma Doa, Yakobus Ellisa Dwi Syafitri Fadilah, Hana Faizah Gervasius Herry Purwoko H. Refaldin H. Refaldin H. Refaldin, H. Refaldin Hamas Hijrotush Shobriyah Hana Faizah Fadilah Hana Faizah Fadilah Hanik, Siti Umi Helmi Kristiawan Huda, Ahmad Syaeful Inka Muthia Ardhana Intan Suksma Dewi JE Sutanto Jenny Caroline Jenny Caroline Kasianus Kelvin Tanga Kristiawan, Helmi Kusdarini, Esthi Madinah, Safira Aulia Mahardikha, Emanuel Maratus Sholihah Maratus Sholihah, Maratus Miyana, Ade Wahyu Achmad Muchammad Ichsan Muhammad Hafizhni At-Thayyibi Muharamin, Amrozy Musarofa, Musarofa Musarofa, Musarofa Nieke Karnaningroem Nieke Karnaningroem Pratiknyo, Yuwono Budi Prayuda, Shanas Septy Purwaningrum, Sri Wulan Rachmanu Eko Handriyanto Rachmanu Eko Handriyono Revalandro, Gorin Rini, Titien Setiyo Ro'du Dhuha Afrianisa Rodu Dhuha Afrianisa Shanas Septy Prayuda Shobriyah, Hamas Hijrotush Sonia S. Ximenes Sonia S. Ximenes Sri Wulan Purwaningrum Suwanto, Yudha Eka Putra Syafitri, Ellisa Dwi Talent Nia Pramestyawati Talentnia Pramestyawati Tanga, Kasianus Kelvin Wahyono Hadi Ximenes, Livio Xavier Ximenes, Sonia S. Yulfiah Yulfiah Yulfiah Yulfiah Yulfiah, Yulfiah