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All Journal IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Jurnal Buana Informatika TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) E-Dimas: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Informatika JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL AND SYSTEM CONTROL ENGINEERING Conference SENATIK STT Adisutjipto Yogyakarta Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi Compiler KACANEGARA Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat Matrik : Jurnal Manajemen dan Teknik Industri Produksi International Journal of Engineering, Technology and Natural Sciences (IJETS) International Journal of Aviation Science and Engineering Jurnal Nasional Teknologi Komputer Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Indonesian Journal on Data Science Jurnal Informatika Medis (J-INFORMED)
Haruno Sajati
Institut Teknologi Dirgantara Adisutjipto
Aerospace Engineering Humanities Automotive Engineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mechanical Engineering Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Veterinary

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A real-time drone detection framework for variable environmental conditions based on web-based deep learning Yuliani Indrianingsih; Astika Ayuningtyas; Anton Yudhana; Haruno Sajati; Anggraini Kusumaningrum; Fajar Khanif Rahmawati; Imam Riadi
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 15, No 5: October 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v15.i5.pp4780-4791

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in civilian, industrial, and military domains has intensified challenges related to airspace security, particularly in restricted and sensitive areas. Unauthorized drone operations pose risks including illegal surveillance, disruption of air traffic, and threats to critical infrastructure. This research proposes a lightweight, web-based real-time drone detection framework utilizing a convolutional neural network (CNN) integrated with a fast application programming interface (FastAPI) server to support continuous visual surveillance. The system is trained and evaluated using a custom dataset of 23,118 annotated drone images, enhanced through data augmentation to improve robustness under varying environmental conditions. Experimental results demonstrate real-time inference performance of 20–25 frames per second across multiple camera resolutions, including 1080p, 2K, and digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) Canon 600D. Detection accuracy varies between 53% and 74%, revealing a strong dependency on illumination and imaging conditions, with optimal performance achieved under high illumination levels (45,000 lux). Performance degradation is observed in low-light environments, particularly for DSLR-based detection. The proposed system enables live video streaming and static image analysis through a user-friendly web interface without reliance on external services. Overall, this study presents a practical and deployable prototype for automated drone monitoring, emphasizing the trade-offs between accuracy, illumination, and camera resolution in real-world airspace security applications.
Co-Authors . Sudaryanto Afrizal Triantoro Aldri Frinaldi Alfian Firdaus Anarianto, Donny Andaruwati, Ragil Andaruwati, Ragil Anggi Sri Septiani Suhendar Anggraini Kusumaningrum Anggraini Kusumaningrum Anggraini Kusumaningrum Anggraini Kusumaningrum Anggraini Kusumaningrum, Anggraini Antok Hermawan Anton Honggowibowo Anton Setiawan Honggowibowo Anton Yudhana Arwin Datumaya Wahyudi Sumari Astika AyuningTyas, Astika Awangga, Demmy Nanda Bagus Budi Utomo Bambang Sudibya Bambang Sudibya, Bambang Bayu Sugara Brama Ady Sulistiyo Cakra Aminuddin Hamka Candra Wulan, Puspa Ira Dewi Demmy Nanda Awangga Dewi Retnowati, Nurcahyani Dwi Kholistyanto Dwi Nughraheny Dwi Nugrahenny Dwi Nugrahenny, Dwi Dwi Nugraheny Dwi Nugraheny Dwi Nugraheny, Dwi Eko Murdiansyah Eko Poerwanto Elizabeth Nurmiyati Tamatjita Evi Wahyuningsih Fahlevi, Wildansyah Reza Fakhri Yahya, Muhammad Firdaus, Alfian Freddy Kurniawan Freddy Kurniawan Galih Andita Sukma Galih Dwi Wicaksono Hamka, Cakra Aminuddin Harliyus Agustian Hermawan, Antok Ida Ayu Putu Sri Widnyani Imam Riadi Indro Lukito Irawaty, Mardiana Kholistyanto, Dwi Kristopedus Zonggonau Lasmadi, Lasmadi Latumaone, Yulis Robert Leonardo Tampubolon Lukito Edi Nugroho Lukito, Indro Maria Asumpta Deny Kusumaningrum, Maria Asumpta Deny Masih Musliatun Mohammad Faiq Badruz Zaman Murdiansyah, Eko Musliatun, Masih Muttaqin Muttaqin Nova Adi Suwarso Nughraheny, Dwi Nur Hanifah Nur Hanifah Nurcahyani Dewi Retnowati Nurcahyani Dewi Retnowati Nurdin, Riani Nuryatno, Edi Triono Okto Dinaryanto Pamungkas, Dedi Bintang Pujiastuti, Asih Puspa Ira Dewi Candra Wulan Puspa Ira Dewi Candra Wulan Rahmawati, Fajar Khanif Ramdan, Ramdan Ridi Ferdiana Rizki Tanjung Salam Aryanto Setiawan, Yoris Sri Mulyani Sudaryanto Sudaryanto SUDARYANTO SUDARYANTO Sugara, Bayu Suhendar, Anggi Sri Septiani Sukma, Galih Andita Sulistiyo, Brama Ady Suwarso, Nova Adi Tanjung, Rizki TRI CAHYO UTOMO TRI CAHYO UTOMO Tri Rochmadi Triantoro, Afrizal Utomo, Bagus Budi Wahyu Seto Setyawan Wicaksono, Galih Dwi Wildansyah Reza Fahlevi Wintolo, Hero Wiyasa, Ega Ari Yenni Astuti Yenni Astuti, Yenni Yoris Setiawan Yuliani Indrianingsih Yuliani Indrianingsih Yuliani Indrianingsih Yuliani Indrianingsih Yulis Robert Latumaone Zonggonau, Kristopedus Zulham Zulham