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DIVERSITY, ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF NEPENTHES IN WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE, INDONESIA Muhammad Mansur; Andi Salamah; Edi Mirmanto; Francis Q Brearley
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 30 No. 2 (2023): BIOTROPIA Vol. 30 No. 2 August 2023
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2023.30.2.1896

Nepenthes is the largest carnivorous plant genus present in Indonesia. There are 39 species of Nepenthes pitcher plants recorded in Sumatra from lowland to montane forests, and 34 of them are endemic; this represents the greatest species diversity of Nepenthes after Borneo. Field studies were conducted in 2021 and 2022 to increase our knowledge of the diversity, habitats and distributions of Nepenthes in West Sumatra province. Twenty-three species of Nepenthes were recorded from the province, consisting of 15 highland species, 4 mid-elevation species and 4 lowland species. Ecophysiological studies conducted at Bukit Malalak showed clumped distributions of N. bongso, N. dubia, N. eustachya and N. rhombicaulis. Foliar and pitcher fluid nutrient concentrations were found to be similar to those cited in other recent studies although growth rates were slightly more rapid than at Gunung Talang. Bukit Malalak is a new locality for two threatened species, namely N. dubia (CR) and N. rhombicaulis (VU), enlarging their extents of occurrence. In total, nine species from West Sumatra are threatened and conservation actions are urgently needed for these and other Nepenthes species remaining on the island.

Induction of Callose Deposition in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) by Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and Pseudomonas syringae pv. Glycinea Marianingsih, Pipit; Salamah, Andi; Ichinose, Yuki
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of outer-membrane gram-negative bacteria, and it can act as a Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) for perception of pathogens by plants. LPS can be recognized by plants, triggering certain plant defense-related responses, including callose deposition. This study investigated induction of callose deposition by bacterial LPS in tobacco. Tobacco leaves were infiltrated with 400 µg/mL and 800 µg/mL LPS extracted from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pta) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (Pgl) and incubated for 24 h or 48 h. To detect callose deposition, tobacco leaves were cleared in lactophenol solution, stained with aniline blue, and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that LPS from Pgl induced more callose deposition in tobacco leaves than did that from Pta. In addition, a Pearson correlation test revealed that incubation period was the most significant factor in callose deposition, followed by the type of LPS bacteria. However, LPS concentration was not significantly corelated to callose deposition in tobacco leaves

Screening and Integration Analysis of OsDREB1A BC4F2 and BC5F1 Generations of Transgenic Ciherang Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for High-Salinity Tolerance Priyono, Dika Migi; Santoso, Tri Joko; Salamah, Andi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 17, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Salinity is one of a number of abiotic stresses that threaten rice production in Indonesia. To support food security programs, BB-Biogen has developed rice lines derived from OsDREB1A transformed Ciherang up to BC4F2 and BC5F1 generations. To verify the salinity tolerance and the stability of transgene integration, the BC4F2 and BC5F1 generations of Ciherang-OsDREB1A transgenic were screened to select high-salinity tolerant lines. Second, molecular analysis using the primers hptII-F/hptII-R and 35S-496-F/OsDREB1A-R was conducted to identify the existence and the stability of the transgene integration in the BC4F2 and BC5F1 generations. Screening 543 BC4F2 and BC5F1 Ciherang-OsDREB1A transgenic lines in a nutrient solution with a final electrical conductivity (EC) of approximately 18 mS/cm for 26 days yielded 134 putative transgenic plants. Integration analysis using the hptII-F/hptII-R primers showed that 73 of the 134 putative transgenic plants had positive PCR products, indicating the presence of the transgene in those plants. All the 73 plants also produced PCR products when tested with the specific primer 35S-496- F/OsDREB1A-R, indicating that transgene integration was maintained during the development of BC4F2 and BC5F1.

Morphological and Molecular Analysis and Flowering Time of T2 Generation Transgenic Rice cv. Nipponbare Carrying CONSTANS (CO) Gene Irshanty, Firdha Meidi; Salamah, Andi; Santoso, Tri Joko
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Flowering is an important process that initiates plant productivity. Rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) was genetically engineered by introducing a CONSTANS (CO) gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtCO) to improve rice productivity. The CO gene is a gene responsible for inducing early flowering. The aims of the experiment were to use morphological and molecular analysis to study the integration of the AtCO gene and its influence on agronomic traits in the T2 generation of Nipponbare transgenic AtCO rice. Morphological observations showed that agronomic traits tended to be better in the transgenic plants than in the wild type (controls), although the transgenic plants flowered later than the wild type. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis showed that 169 out of 227 transgenic rice plants showed hpt and CO gene integration.

VARIATION IN THE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF NATURAL LOWLAND FORESTS AT BODOGOL, GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO NATIONAL PARK, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA Asep Sadili; Andi Salamah; Edi Mirmanto; Kuswata Kartawinata
REINWARDTIA Vol 22, No 1 (2023): Volume 22, No 1 (2023): Reinwardtia
Publisher : Research Center for Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/reinwardtia.2023.4399

An analysis of the composition and structure of lowland natural forests was carried out in Bodogol, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP). The two study plots (P1CS and P2CS) were located on Cisuren and one plot (P3CP) on Cipadaranten hill. We recorded 107 species and 48 families with an average basal area of 19.73 m2/ha, and an average density of 348 trees/ha. The species richness was poorer than those of the typical lowland rainforests of Kalimantan and Sumatra but comparable to those of the montane forests of Java. The IUCN-Red Listed species were Castanopsis argentea and Castanopsis tungurrut (critical) and Saurauia bracteosa (vulnerable). Based on the two dominant species, the forests can be designated as the Maesopsis eminii-Syzygium acuminatissimum association and Syzygium acuminatissimum-Lithocarpus korthalsii association. Maesopsis eminii was dominant in P1CS (IV= 56.46%) and P3CP (IV=55.94%), while Syzygium acuminatissimum in P2CS (IV= 43.67%). Maesopsis eminii was a strongly aggressive and invasive species, that endangered the purity of the natural forest GGPNP, therefore, it must be eradicated. Vertically, P2CS and P3CP consisted of four strata, while P1CS had three strata. This one-hectare study can be considered as a minimal area to reflect the floristic representation of lowland forest and submontane forest.

TRAIT-BASED STUDIES ON THE ABUNDANCE AND CANOPY SHADE PREFERENCES OF ASTERACEAE SPECIES IN CIBODAS BOTANICAL GARDEN Decky Indrawan Junaedi; Najwa Wafiyah Az Zahra; Andi Salamah
Bioma Vol. 15 No. 1 (2019): Bioma
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Negeri Jakarta

ABSTRACT Knowledge of community structures and capacity to differentiate invasive from non-invasive species are essential for invasive species management. Specific Leaf Area (SLA) is a potential proxy to differentiate invasive from non-invasive species. This study aims to identify the relationship between Important Value Index (IVI) with SLA of Asteraceae species, and predict Asteraceae habitat preference based on shade characteristics at the Cibodas Botanical Garden. There is a positive correlation between SLA and IVI value of Asteraceae species in shaded habitat. The Asteraceae species that prefer shaded habitat tend to have larger SLA relative to species in open area (odds ratio = 2.754). This study showed that SLA is a potential proxy to indicate plant abundance and an informative proxy to predict habitat preferences in CBG ecosystem. These traits information are crucial for invasive exotic plant species management in CBG particularly and tropical botanic gardens in general. Keywords: invasive species, exotic species, SLA, logistic regression, trait, Cibodas, Asteraceae

TWO NEW RECORDS OF ATHYRIUM FOR BALI Wita Wardani; Bayu Adjie; Kusumadewi Sri Yulita; Andi Salamah
Reinwardtia Vol. 21 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/reinwardtia.v21i2.4369

WARDANI, W., ADJIE, B., YULITA, K. S. & SALAMAH, A. 2022. Two new records of Athyrium for Bali. Reinwardtia 21(2): 43‒47. — Here we reported two species of Athyrium from Bali for the first time based on herbarium study and field work. We provided morphological description, voucher specimens, and taxonomic note for both species. A key to all the four known species of Athyrium s.l. in Bali was also provided.

NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN THREE NEPENTHES SPECIES (NEPENTHACEAE) FROM NORTH SUMATRA Muhammad Mansur; Andi Salamah; Edi Mirtanto; Francis Q Brearly
Reinwardtia Vol. 21 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/reinwardtia.v21i2.4391

MANSUR, M., SALAMAH, A., MIRMANTO, E. & BREARLEY, F. Q. 2022. Nutrient concentrations in three Nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae) from North Sumatra. Reinwardtia 21(2): 55‒62. — Nepenthes is a genus of carnivorous plants that are unique ornamental plants, but their nutrient concentration relationships have not been studied much, especially in endemic species on the island of Sumatra. So far, the analysis of the nutrient concentration in Nepenthes is mostly limited to leaves. There are few reports of nutrient concentrations in the pitcher fluid and the soil around where it grows. Leaves, pitcher fluid, and soil around the growth sites of each species i.e., Nepenthes sumatrana, N. spectabilis, and N. tobaica, from North Sumatra province were collected for nutrient analyses (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na). The results showed that the nutrient concentrations in the leaves and pitcher fluid in the three Nepenthes species were generally low with those in the leaves greater than in the pitcher fluid. The concentration of nutrients in the leaves of N. sumatrana (lowland species) was least (except for N and Na) when compared to N. spectabilis and N. tobaica (highland species), likely reflecting the poorly fertile soil. In contrast, the nutrient concentration in the pitcher fluid of N. sumatrana was greater than N. spectabilis and N. tobaica. When compared across an extensive data set, we show that leaf N does not change with elevation, whereas P declines and the N:P ratio increases with elevation, suggesting that Nepenthes plants are obtaining sufficient N from prey at higher elevations.

TWO NEW RECORDS OF ATHYRIUM FOR BALI Wita Wardani; Bayu Adjie; Kusumadewi Sri Yulita; Andi Salamah
Reinwardtia Vol. 21 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/reinwardtia.v21i2.4369

WARDANI, W., ADJIE, B., YULITA, K. S. & SALAMAH, A. 2022. Two new records of Athyrium for Bali. Reinwardtia 21(2): 43‒47. — Here we reported two species of Athyrium from Bali for the first time based on herbarium study and field work. We provided morphological description, voucher specimens, and taxonomic note for both species. A key to all the four known species of Athyrium s.l. in Bali was also provided.

NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN THREE NEPENTHES SPECIES (NEPENTHACEAE) FROM NORTH SUMATRA Muhammad Mansur; Andi Salamah; Edi Mirtanto; Francis Q Brearly
Reinwardtia Vol. 21 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/reinwardtia.v21i2.4391

MANSUR, M., SALAMAH, A., MIRMANTO, E. & BREARLEY, F. Q. 2022. Nutrient concentrations in three Nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae) from North Sumatra. Reinwardtia 21(2): 55‒62. — Nepenthes is a genus of carnivorous plants that are unique ornamental plants, but their nutrient concentration relationships have not been studied much, especially in endemic species on the island of Sumatra. So far, the analysis of the nutrient concentration in Nepenthes is mostly limited to leaves. There are few reports of nutrient concentrations in the pitcher fluid and the soil around where it grows. Leaves, pitcher fluid, and soil around the growth sites of each species i.e., Nepenthes sumatrana, N. spectabilis, and N. tobaica, from North Sumatra province were collected for nutrient analyses (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na). The results showed that the nutrient concentrations in the leaves and pitcher fluid in the three Nepenthes species were generally low with those in the leaves greater than in the pitcher fluid. The concentration of nutrients in the leaves of N. sumatrana (lowland species) was least (except for N and Na) when compared to N. spectabilis and N. tobaica (highland species), likely reflecting the poorly fertile soil. In contrast, the nutrient concentration in the pitcher fluid of N. sumatrana was greater than N. spectabilis and N. tobaica. When compared across an extensive data set, we show that leaf N does not change with elevation, whereas P declines and the N:P ratio increases with elevation, suggesting that Nepenthes plants are obtaining sufficient N from prey at higher elevations.

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