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All Journal Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Farmasains : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kefarmasian JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Kartika : Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi
Saleh Wikarsa
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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COPROCESSED MANITOL-KALSIUM KARBONAT DENGAN TEKNIK SPRAY DRYING SEBAGAI ZAT TAMBAHAN PADA SEDIAAN TABLET Wulan Anggraeni; Saleh Wikarsa; Rachmat Mauludin
Kartika : Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol 6 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26874/kjif.v6i1.135

Abstract

Coprocessed eksipien merupakan teknik untuk meningkatkan fungsi eksipien seperti kompaktibilitas dan daya alir serbuk. Kalsium karbonat digunakan sebagai diluen yang bersifat basa yang mempunyai sifat kompaktibilitas jelek, sedangkan Manitol merupakan material bersifat plastis dan telah dilaporkan dapat meningkatkan kekuatan dan kompaktibilitas tablet. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan fungsionalitas kalsium karbonat melalui pencampuran dengan manitol secara spray drying. Coprocessed manitol-kalsium karbonat dibuat secara spray drying (SD-MC) dengan perbandingan 80:20; 60:40; 40:60; dan 20:80. Penetapan parameter proses spray drying dengan menggunakan konsentrasi larutan manitol 4%, 8% dan 12% pada suhu inlet 90oC sampai 110oC dan untuk feed rate, tekanan air pump gauge, blower flow meter dengan nilai berturut-turut 6 gram/menit, 1 kg/cm2 dan 0,45 Nm3/menit. Serbuk SD-MC yang dihasilkan kemudian dievaluasi kompaktibilitas serbuk, uji difraksi sinar-X, FTIR dan SEM. Proses yang menghasilkan rendemen paling tinggi diberikan pada konsentrasi larutan manitol 4% dan suhu inlet 110 oC. Nilai tensile strength SD-MC pada daya kompresi 9,81 kN paling besar diperoleh pada perbandingan 60:40 yaitu sebesar 1,93 MPa. Sementara itu, hasil uji analisis difraksi sinar X memberikan puncak-puncak yang sama dengan setiap puncak komponen penyusunnya (manitol dan kalsium karbonat) dan uji FTIR dari serbuk coprocessed tidak terjadi interaksi, serta morfologi yang ditunjukan oleh SEM menunjukan serbuk spray dryied menghasilkan partikel sferis. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan, SD-MC dengan perbandingan 60:40 memiliki kompaktibilitas serbuk yang paling baik.
Kombinasi Teknik Pembentukan Kokristal dan Ball milling untuk Peningkatan Disolusi Etoricoxib Susanto, Sharon; Wikarsa, Saleh; Nugraha, Yuda Prasetya
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 10 No 1 (2024): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v10i1.7561

Abstract

Etoricoxib (ETX) is a selective COX-2 anti-inflammatory drug classified in BCS class II. This study aims to enhance the dissolution rate of etoricoxib through a combination of co-crystal formation and ball milling conducted in-situ and ex-situ. Optimization was done by varying milling times and types of stabilizers, including Tween 80 (ETX-OXA-BM-T), Poloxamer 188 (ETX-OXA-BM-P), and a combination of Tween 80-sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (ETX-OXA-BM-T-S). In-situ experiments yielded a very low yield (<10%) and failed to produce co-crystals, thus deeming them unsuitable for continuation. Meanwhile, the ex-situ process showed more potential, leading to further evaluation using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-Ray Diffractometry (PXRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). DSC analysis showed endothermic peaks at 130°C for ETX and around 179 - 180°C for ETX-OXA and its derivatives. PXRD diffractograms for ETX-OXA and its derivatives exhibited similar peaks, differing from ETX. SEM analysis indicated that ETX-OXA-BM-T with 60 minutes of milling resulted in nanometer-sized particles, while the use of Poloxamer 188 and the combination of Tween 80-SLS produced particle sizes > 1 µm. ETX-OXA-BM-T showed the highest increase in solubility in all media. The dissolution results of ETX-OXA-BM-T showed improvement in phosphate buffer pH 6.8, while no significant differences were observed in pH 1.2 and 4.5 buffers. This study demonstrates that the combination of co-crystal formation and ex-situ ball milling is a potential approach to enhancing the dissolution rate of etoricoxib.
Advancing Ticagrelor Bioavailability: A Comprehensive Review of Solubility Enhancement Techniques Muhammad Luthfi Shidik; Tania Miranda Sarlie; Rachmat Mauludin; Saleh Wikarsa; Yuda Prasetya Nugraha
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 12 No 1 (2025): J Sains Farm Klin 12(1), April 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.12.1.50-62.2025

Abstract

Ticagrelor (TICA) inhibits platelet activity by reversibly binding to the P₂Y₁₂  receptor, it is classified as a BCS class IV drug with low solubility and permeability. BCS Class IV drugs have a major challenge due to their reduced rate of dissolution, which leads to poor bioavailability. The absolute bioavailability of TICA after oral administration is ~36%. Various techniques, including particle size reduction, solid dispersion, lipid-based formulation, co-crystals, and polymeric micelles can increase solubility. This article discusses the methodology used to increase the solubility of ticagrelor, thereby emphasizing the research that has been conducted and documented. The increased bioavailability of ticagrelor is apparent when formulated as a solid dispersion (SD), self- microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), suspensions, and co-crystals. Among these approaches, co-crystals and solid dispersions are highly recommended for improving the solubility of ticagrelor. This review provides insights into formulation strategies for improving ticagrelor solubility, guiding future research on its bioavailability and efficacy
FORMULASI NANOEMULGEL EKSTRAK KULIT MANGGIS (Garcinia Mangostana L.) Damayanti, Hilda; Wikarsa, Saleh; Jafar, Garnadi
Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia Vol. 1 No. 3 (2019): Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia
Publisher : APDFI (Asosiasi Pendidikan Diploma Farmasi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33759/jrki.v1i3.53

Abstract

Antioxidant-containing cosmetic has antiaging therapy that can inhibit the free radical formation. Mangosteen peel extract has very strong antioxidant activity. To enhance the effect and comfortness of mangosteen peel extract use on the skin, it could be made into nanoemulgel. The article provides the information about method of preparation and evaluation of nanoemulsion-gel. The purpose of this study was to formulate a stable microemulgel of mangosteen peel extractusing halal materials declared halal according to Islamic Shari’a. the materials used don’t contain carrion, blood, pig and/ animals that don’t conform to Islamic Shari’a. Microemulgel mangosteen peel extract was made by varying plantacare® 1200 UP concentration as cosurfactant (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) in the microemulsion and it was incorporated into the gel base. Evaluations were included the antioxidant activity test and organoleptic, pH, viscosity, stability, particle size analysis and panelist test. The antioxidant activity determined by DPPH method showed that IC50 value of mangosteen peel extract was 5.54 ppm. The third microemulsion formula containing cosurfactant of 15% resulted in the best results in that the parameter of the product can be penetrated by ray laser was at particle size of 23.65 nm, was determined by tranmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Microemulgel containing Viscolam® MAC 10 of seven percent gave the stable formula proofed by freeze thaw and sentrifuga test. The five microemulgel formulations were stable.
PENGERINGAN EKSTRAK KELOPAK BUNGA ROSELA (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) MELALUI MIKROENKAPSULASI DENGAN MALTODEKSTRIN METODE SEMPROT KERING Nining Nining; Sundani Nurono Seowandhi; Saleh Wikarsa
Farmasains : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 4 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/farmasains.v4i2.234

Abstract

Rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) memiliki banyak aktivitas farmakologi yang telah banyak dilaporkan baik secara in vitro maupun in vivo dan telah banyak diuji secara klinis. Penggunaan ekstrak dalam bentuk serbuk akan lebih praktis dan lebih terukur pemakaiannya sebagai bahan baku farmasi serta memudahkan dalam penyimpanan, pendistribusian, standardisasi zat aktif dan dapat meningkatkan stabilitasnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari efek penambahan maltodekstrin terhadap karakteristik fisik serbuk ekstrak kelopak bunga rosela dengan pembentukan mikrokapsul metode semprot kering. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyiapkan larutan umpan dalam rasio 1:1 (R1); 1:2 (R2); dan 1:4 (R3) dengan kandungan total padatan 10%. Kemudian dilakukan mikroenkapsulasi  metode semprot kering pada suhu inlet 110-115°C, outlet 99-104°C, dan laju alir 200 mL/jam. Mikrokapsul diperoleh dengan struktur morfologi seperti bola. Rata-rata ukuran partikel menurun seiring dengan penambahan maltodekstrin. Penambahan maltodekstrin dapat menurunkan sifat higroskopisitas ekstrak serta meningkatkan kelarutan dalam air dan susut pengeringan. Proses semprot kering serbuk R2 mimiliki nilai efisiensi enkapsulasi 97,73% dan perolehan kembali produk 74,05%. Semua serbuk mikrokapsul memberikan nilai sisa pelarut < 1%.
Co-Authors Asyarie, Sukmadjaja Damayanti, Hilda Deny Puriyani Azhary Eryani, Mikhania Christiningtyas Garnadi Jafar, Garnadi Jessie S. Pamudji Lenny Mauilida Mauilida Monika Fenita Samaria Muhammad Luthfi Shidik Nining, Nining Nugraha, Yuda Prasetya Rachmat Mauludin Rachmat Mauludin Samaria, Monika Fenita Seowandhi, Sundani Nurono Sharon Susanto Simorangkir, Timbul Partogi Haposan Soemirtapura, Yeyet Cahyati Sukmadjaja Asyarie Sundani N. Soewandhi Sundani Nurono Seowandhi Sundani Nurono Soewandhi Tania Miranda Sarlie Wardiyah, Wardiyah Wulan Anggraeni Yeyet Cahyati Soemirtapura Yuda Prasetya Nugraha