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Detection of dioxins Trichloro dibenzo-p-dioxins and Trichloro dibenzofurans in beef with Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ., Indraningsih .; Sani, Yulvian
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

This study is to investigate the residue level of TCDDs/TCDFs in beef collected from Animal Slaughter Houses in Giwangan (Yogyakarta), Klaten (Central Java) and Kupang (East Nusatenggara). Residue of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was also analysed with GC-ECD, and dioxins with GC-MSMS. Fifty samples were collected form Giwangan (20), Klaten (15) and Kupang (15). Results shows that POPs were detected in beef samples including aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, endrin and heptachlor. The highest total residues of POPs were detected in beef from Giwangan (Yogyakarta) at 93.11 hg/g, followed by Klaten (17.79 hg/g) and Kupang (12.87 hg/g). Residues of POPs were below the maximum residue limit stated by the SNI 7313: 2008. Average of total TEQ for TCDDs/TCDFs in beef from Giwangan was 13,624.38 rg/g with a range between 4,496.66 to 20,642.40 rg/g was higher than that from Kupang at 1,623.98 rg/g with a range between 0.83 to 6,471.07 rg/g. On the other hand, dioxins were not detected in beef from Klaten. The total TEQ of TCDDs/TCDFs in beef samples from Giwangan was 54,497.52 rg/g and Kupang was 6,495.9 rg/g. These results indicated that there was an association between the presence of endrin and heptachlor with the presence of TCDDs/TCDFs residues in beef that this is may be new information for further studied. Key Words: Dioxins, TCDDs/TCDFs, Beef, GC MS/MS

Residue analysis of sulfametazine in poultry product and its prevention Sani, Yulvian; Widiastuti, Raphaella
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Sulfamethazine (SMZ) is a sulfonamide preparate widely used in feed to control and prevent diseases, and to promote growth. The use of sulfonamides may lead to residue formation, induce microbial resistance and suspected as a carcinogen. A serial study has been undertaken to investigate the withdrawal pattern of SMZ in meat and liver tissues in order to reduce residue of SMZ. A total of 80 day old chicken were divided into 4 groups consisting: (1) negative control without SMZ; (2) positive control dosing with SMZ for 35 days; (3) treatment-1 was dosed with SMZ for 28 days consecutively three times per week then ceased thereafter; and (4) treatment-2 was dosed with SMZ for 30 days consecutively three times per week then ceased thereafter. A field study revealed that some antimicrobials were detected in poultry meat samples, such as sulfamerazine (ï = 2.52 ppb or nd â 12.62 ppb) and sulfamethazine (ï = 0.02 ppb or nd â 0.09 ppb). An intragastric dosing of SMZ at 50 mg/kgBB did not affected body weight growth. Both positive control and treated groups showed haemorrhagic enteritis, nottling of capsular surface of liver and pale kidneys. Pathological changes were not found in negative control. Microscopically, pathological changes in liver, intestines and kidneys were found consistently in SMZ treatment. Withdrawal time of SMZ in broilers was between 5 to 10 days. Therefore to produce safe and healthy poultry products, sulfonamides treatment should be withdrawn 5 to 10 days prior to culling of birds and substitution of feed to unmedicated feed within this period is strongly recommended. Key Words: Residue, Sulfametazine, Poultry, Meat, Prevention

Pathological changes of suspected tetrachloro dibenzo-ï²-dioxins/tetrachloro dibenzofurans toxication in beef cattle Sani, Yulvian; Indraningsih, .
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 20, No 3 (2015): SEPTEMBER 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The contamination of tetrachlorodibenzo-r-dioxins (TCDDs) and tetra chlorinated dibenzofurans (TCDFs) may affect human or animal health such as cancer, reproductive failure, dermaltoxicities and neurologic effects. The present study describes the effects of TCDD/TCDFs contamination in feed to various tissues of beef cattle to which TCDD/TCDFs were detected byGC MS/MS. The results revealed that POPs (DDT, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin and endrin) as a precursor for dioxins were detected in all samples except drinking water. The total concentration of OC in soils was Nd â 42.73 mg/kg, grasses (3.30 â 27.66 mg/kg), well water (0.82 â 1.00 mg/kg), feed mill (3.90 mg/kg), sera (Nd â 13.08 mg/kg) and meats (Nd â 100.72 mg/kg). Futhermore, the TEQ residues of TCDDs/TCDFs in beef were 4496.66 - 20642.40 pg/g from Yogyakarta, and 717.13pg/g (beef) and 0.037 pg/g (brain tissues) from Solo (Central Java). The concentration of TCDD/TCDFs residues in beef was above the maximum residue limit (MRL) at 2 pg/g. Animal feeds is regarded as the main source of dioxins contamination in meats. Macroscopic changes were general anaemia, cachexia, fibrotic liver, athropic heart, ruminal impaction, constipated intestinal, haemorrhagic kidney, and ptechiae in the brain. Microscopically were depleted spleen vacuolation of interseptum, haemorrhages and accumulation of hemosiderin. Heart shows degeneration, fragmentation and pale cardiac muscle and swollen nuclei. Liver was pale, degeneration of epithelial cells and congestion. Lungs were pneumonia, oedema pulmonum and mild haemorrhage. Intestines showed haemorrhage and infiltration of mononuclear cells, neutrophyls and eosinophyls. Brain was haemorrhage, perivascular cuffs and intranuclear inclusion bodies. The animal was suffering from haemorrhagic enteritis, encephalitis, and hepatic degeneration. Key Words: TCDDs, TCDFs, POPs, animal products, matrices, GC MS/MS

EKSTRAK DAUN MINDI (Melia azedarach) SEBAGAI BIOINSEKTISIDA UNTUK PENGENDALIAN INFEKSI Chrysomya bezziana PADADOMBA Sani, Yulvian
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 4 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Parasitic dermatitis may cause economic loss for livestock industry if it is not approriately controlled. Among the preventive measures available presently, the use of plant-derived insecticides is regarding as an alternative approach to control the disease since it is environmental and animal health safe. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of mindi (Melia azedarach Linn.) extract leaves for controling Chrysomya bezziana in vitro and in vivo.The study showed that the methanolic extract of M.azedarach leaves affected various stages of C. bezziana larvae.A topical application of 0.25% methanol extract in vaseline mixture killed and inhibited the growth of larvae and reduced weight gain of both LI and LI larvae.The average mortality rate in a treated group (26%) was higher than a control group (19.2%).Greater reduction of average weight gain was also seen in the treated group (0.2719 gr.) compared to the control group (0.4761 gr). The larvae apparently had smaller size and wrinkled shape of anatomical structure seeming that they were inappropriately grown. While the average mortality rate of L2 was found higher in the treated group (46.8%) than the control group (22.4%). The leaf-methanol extract had greater effect to L2 than LI as seen higher mortality rate in L2 (46.8%) than the LI (26%). In conclusion that the higher dose rate of methanol extract applied will lead to high mortality of the larvae. The low mortality rate may be due to low concentration (0.25%) of leaf extract applied and short period of time for bioassay.These findings seem very promising, suggesting that may possible to increase larvicidal effects by increasing the concentration and time of assessment.

POTENSI IKAN MUJAIR (Sarotherodon mossambica) SEBAGAI BIOAKUMULATOR PENCEMARAN PESTISIDA PADA LINGKUNGAN PERTANIAN Sani, Yulvian; Indraningsih, Indraningsih
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

An analysis of pesticide contamination in farm sites was conducted to investigate the impacts of organochlorine contamination in environmental matrices leading to pesticide residue in animal products and to identify a bioaccumulator of freshwater (mujair) fish (Sarotherodon mossambica).The observation sites were selected in accordance to the presence of animal farms within the agricultural areas applying pesticides intensively, such as Bandung, Sukabumi and Bogor districts. Samples consisting of water, soils,animal feed, freshwater fish, poultry meats, eggs and weeds were collected from these areas. The study shows that some organochlorines - OC (lindan, endosulfan and DDT metabolites) were detected from all samples. Endosulfan and lindan appeared to be used extensively for horticulture activity (corn, chilly, cassava and tobacco) in these areas, where both pesticides could also be detected either from animal products (meats and eggs) or water, freshwater fish and soils collected from the same areas.The results reveals that there were positive correlation between OC contamination in the environment and residues in animal products. The weed of babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides) was found growing abundantly around the animal farms and was able to accumulate the pesticides. Furthermore, freshwater mujair fish (S. mossambica) appeared to reduce endosulfan contaminantion in water as indicated by an increase pesticide residues in its tissues.

Study of Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity Prediction: Compounds from Nigella sativa Linn, Andrographis paniculata Nees, and Propolis as Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth Asarini; Abdillah, Syamsudin; Sani, Yulvian; Alam, Gemini
Basic and Applied Nursing Research Journal Vol 5 No 2 (2024): Basic and Applied Nursing Research Journal (BANRJ)
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/banrj.05.02.02

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*, and Multiple Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) arises from resistance to first-line treatments like Rifampicin and Isoniazid. Since current TB medications have been used for over four decades, discovering new drug candidates is critical. This research focuses on herbal compounds—Black cumin (*Nigella sativa*), Sambiloto (*Andrographis paniculata*), and propolis—as potential inhibitors of *M. tuberculosis* by targeting DHFR. The objective of the study is to predict the activity of these herbal compounds prior to in vitro and in vivo testing. Methods: This study employed computational tools, including Molegro Virtual Docking (MVD) and Molecular Dynamics (MD), to assess the interactions of the herbal compounds with DHFR (PDB ID: 2CIG). Pharmacokinetic predictions were also conducted to evaluate the absorption and toxicity of the compounds. Results: Molecular docking and MD simulations indicated that Andrographolide, Thymoquinone, and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester effectively inhibited the growth of *M. tuberculosis*. The analysis revealed favorable binding interactions and conformational changes in DHFR, with significant activity observed for Thymoquinone. Conclusion: This study suggests that Andrographolide, Thymoquinone, and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester may serve as promising candidates for further development as anti-tuberculosis drugs. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to validate their therapeutic potential.

THE ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Nees) EXTRACT AGAINST Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv WITH Microscopic-Observation AND Drug-Susceptibility (MODS) METHODE Asarini; Abdillah, Syamsudin; Sani, Yulvian; Alam, Gemini
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : BRIN - Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jbbi.2025.8626

Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as sambiloto, is empirically used for various treatments, including its ability to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). This study aims to evaluate the growth inhibition activity of M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv using sambiloto herb extract (Andrographis paniculata). The sambiloto extract was prepared using the maceration method. M. tuberculosis was grown on MODS medium, and the toxicity of sambiloto (A. paniculata) was analyzed using pharmacokinetic prediction studies (pkCMS). The results showed that at concentrations of 0.255 mg/ml, 1.275 mg/ml, and 2.55 mg/ml of sambiloto extract, M. tuberculosis growth occurred on days 7 to 14. Further observations were made until day 28, and it was found that starting at a concentration of 6.375 mg/ml, sambiloto extract did not show M. tuberculosis growth in MODS medium. The positive control, isoniazid, did not show bacterial growth, while the negative control showed extensive bacterial growth on day 12. The determination of M. tuberculosis growth was based on microscopic observations of the bacterial colonies, focusing on cord formation. In conclusion, this study, the use of an extract with a concentration of 6.375 mg/ml in the MODS method showed no growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, indicating that the extract is effective in inhibiting bacterial growth at this concentration. The online pkCSM test conducted in this study showed that the extract used is not cytotoxic, meaning that the extract is safe for body cells and does not cause cellular damage. Therefore, it has the potential to be an adjunct therapy in the treatment of tuberculosis.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PICTURE OF THE PANCREAS OF MICE (MUS MUSCULUS) DIABETES INDUCED BY STREPTOZOTOCIN-SUKROSA BY GIVING PEPAYA SEED EXTRACT (CARICA PAPAYA L.) Sitompul, Fransiska; Christy, Chatrine Angelica Dwi; Sani, Yulvian; Simatupang, Abraham
Journal of Social Research Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v3i3.1962

This study aimed to investigate the potential of papaya seed extract as an antihyperglycemic agent and to determine the histopathological features of the pancreas of female mice induced by streptozotocin-sucrose. The study used female DDY mice and divided them into five groups, including a negative control group, a positive control group, and three test groups given different doses of papaya seed methanol extract. The parameters measured were the decrease in fasting blood glucose levels, the number, diameter, and area of the islets of Langerhans in each group. The data was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA method with a confidence level of 95% followed by a comparison test using the Least Significant Difference method. The results showed that the methanol extract of papaya seeds has the potential to reduce blood glucose levels and improve the histological structure of the pancreas of diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin-sucrose at an optimum dose of 100 mg/kgBW. There was a significant difference in reducing blood glucose levels between the negative control group and the test group given 100 mg/kgBW papaya seed methanol extract after seven days of treatment. After fourteen days, there was a significant difference between the negative control group and test groups I, II, and III. Although no significant differences were found in the number, diameter, and area of the islets of Langerhans through morphometric photo testing, microscopic photo testing showed that test group I had the best histopathological picture with no vacuolization and necrosis found.

THE ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Nees) EXTRACT AGAINST Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv WITH Microscopic-Observation AND Drug-Susceptibility (MODS) METHODE Asarini; Abdillah, Syamsudin; Sani, Yulvian; Alam, Gemini
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : BRIN - Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jbbi.2025.8626

Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as sambiloto, is empirically used for various treatments, including its ability to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). This study aims to evaluate the growth inhibition activity of M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv using sambiloto herb extract (Andrographis paniculata). The sambiloto extract was prepared using the maceration method. M. tuberculosis was grown on MODS medium, and the toxicity of sambiloto (A. paniculata) was analyzed using pharmacokinetic prediction studies (pkCMS). The results showed that at concentrations of 0.255 mg/ml, 1.275 mg/ml, and 2.55 mg/ml of sambiloto extract, M. tuberculosis growth occurred on days 7 to 14. Further observations were made until day 28, and it was found that starting at a concentration of 6.375 mg/ml, sambiloto extract did not show M. tuberculosis growth in MODS medium. The positive control, isoniazid, did not show bacterial growth, while the negative control showed extensive bacterial growth on day 12. The determination of M. tuberculosis growth was based on microscopic observations of the bacterial colonies, focusing on cord formation. In conclusion, this study, the use of an extract with a concentration of 6.375 mg/ml in the MODS method showed no growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, indicating that the extract is effective in inhibiting bacterial growth at this concentration. The online pkCSM test conducted in this study showed that the extract used is not cytotoxic, meaning that the extract is safe for body cells and does not cause cellular damage. Therefore, it has the potential to be an adjunct therapy in the treatment of tuberculosis.

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