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PERBAIKAN FLOWABILITY DAN TABLETABILITY FUROSEMID MELALUI KO-KRISTALISASI DENGAN KAFEIN : FLOWABILITY AND TABLETABILITY IMPROVEMENT OF FUROSEMID THROUGH CO-CRYSTALIZATION WITH CAFFEINE Ine Rosmala Dewi; Fikri Alatas; Nadira Cantika Putri Ananda; Diamona Ayu Lestari; Alisha Ramadhanty Ludin; Endah Wahyuni; Hestiary Ratih
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 7 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v7i3.414

Furosemid (FUR) adalah obat diuretik kuat yang umum dipakai untuk pengobatan tekanan darah tinggi dan lemah jantung. Bahan baku FUR memiliki kemampuan mengalir (flowability) dan kemampuan untuk dikempa menjadi tablet (tabletability) yang buruk. Pada penelitian memperbaiki flowability dan tabletability furosemid diperbaiki melalui pembentukkan ko-kristal dengan kafein (CAF). Metode Ultrasound Assisted Solution Co-Crystalization (USSC) digunakan untuk menyiapkan ko-kristal FUR-CAF. Morfologi kristal produk USSC diamati dengan mikroskop polarisasi. Karakterisasi produk USSC juga dilakukan dengan metode difraksi sinar-X serbuk dan Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Pengujian flowability yang dilakukan terdiri dari laju alir, sudut istirahat, dan indeks kompresibilitas, sedangkan pengujian tabletability yang dilakukan terdiri dari tensile strength dan elastic recovery. Produk USSC dari FUR-CAF menunjukkan habit kristal yang berbentuk batang, pola difraktogram khas, dan titik lebur di 223,0°C yang terletak di antara titik lebur FUR dan CAF. Hasil pengujian flowability menunjukkan laju alir, sudut istirahat, dan indeks kompresibilitas ko-kristal FUR-CAF lebih baik daripada FUR murni. Tensile strength dan elastic recovery ko-kristal FUR-CAF juga lebih baik daripada FUR murni. Hasil-hasil ini menunjukkan flowability dan tabletability furosemid bisa diperbaiki melalui ko-kristalisasi dengan kafein menggunakan metode USSC.

Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Sleeping Mask Gel Preparation of Mahogany Leaf Extract (Swietenia Mahagoni (L.) Jacq) As Antioxidant Ratih, Hestiary; Sutarna, Titta Hartyana; Febrianti, Mia; Alatas, Fikri; Purnamasari, Nira
Jurnal Kartika Kimia Vol 7 No 1 (2024): Jurnal Kartika Kimia
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Jenderal Achmad Yani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26874/jkk.v7i1.265

Antioxidants are used to neutralize free radicals. Mahogany leaves (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq) contain flavonoid chemicals that exhibit antioxidant properties. The purpose of the study was to determine the physical characteristics and antioxidant activity of sleeping mask gel preparations with the addition of mahogany leaf extract. Mahogany leaf extract is made using the maceration process. Determination of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The formulation is made by varying the concentration of mahogany leaf extract into 4 formulas, F0 (bases, F1 (0.0195%, IC50), F2 (0.0975%, 5xIC50) and F3 (0.195%, 10xIC50). There were several tests used to evaluate formulas, including homogeneity, dispersion, viscosity, pH, and organoleptic (odor, color, and shape) testing. IC50 value of mahogany leaf extract was 19.48 μg / mL. Mahogany leaf extract antioxidant gel sleeping mask preparations F0, F1, F2 and F3 was evaluated such as organoleptic testing requirements, homogeneity and pH produced between 6.15-6.65 including the skin's normal pH range of 4.0-7.0 during 28-day storage. F2 exhibits the best antioxidant stability, with an inhibition value of 54.59%.

PENANGANAN PERMASALAHAN SIFAT HIGROSKOPIS PADA FORMULASI SEDIAAN TABLET Ratih, Hestiary; Gosepa, Oke Setiawan
Kartika : Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol 9 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26874/kjif.v9i2.728

Sebagian besar bahan aktif farmasi (BAF) bersifat sangat higroskopis dalam bentuk padatan. Higroskopisitas yang tinggi dapat menimbulkan beberapa permasalahan antara lain terjadinya perubahan sifat fisikokimia pada bahan aktif. Perubahan sifat fisiko kimia tersebut dapat berdampak pada usia simpan sediaan tablet sehingga menjadi lebih singkat. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai penanganan pada proses produksi sediaan tablet yang memiliki sifat padatan bahan baku higroskopis. Metode penyusunan kajian literatur ini bersumber dari 42 artikel yang berasal dari artikel jurnal nasional maupun internasional yang telah terbit pada sepuluh tahun terakhir (2014-2024), artikel yang terkumpul dilakukan seleksi dan identifikasi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil kajian penelusuran pustaka terkait dengan upaya yang dapat dilakukan dalam penanganan permasalahan sifat higroskopis padatan farmasi pada formulasi sediaan tablet, antara lain yaitu, dengan teknik penyalutan film, teknik enkapsulasi (dengan spray-drying/freeze-drying dan koaservasi kompleks), teknik ko-proses (co-process), dan rekayasa kristal (co-crystal). Berdasarkan kajian literatur yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa beberapa teknik dalam memodifikasi sifat fisik bahan aktif farmasi pada formulasi sediaan tablet dapat menangani permasalahan sifat higroskopis bahan aktif dengan meningkatkan pengendalian higroskopisitas suatu padatan sehingga dapat meningkatkan stabilitas bahan aktif. Kata kunci: Formulasi, higroskopis, penanganan, sediaan, tablet. Abstract The majority of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) are highly hygroscopic in solid form. High hygroscopicity can cause several problems, including changes in the physicochemical properties of active ingredients which can cause difficulties in formulating a preparation such as tablets, so that this can affect the shelf life of tablet preparations which become shorter. This literature review aims to find out the formulation handling in the production process of tablet preparations that have the characteristics of highly hygroscopic solids. The method of preparing this literature review comes from 42 articles originating from national and international journal articles that have been published in the last ten years (2014 - 2024), the collected articles were selected and identified based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the literature search review related to efforts that can be made in handling the problem of hygroscopic properties of pharmaceutical solids in tablet dosage formulations, including film coating techniques, encapsulation techniques (by spray-drying/freeze-drying and complex coacervation), co-process techniques, and crystal engineering (co-crystal). Based on the literature review that has been conducted, it can be concluded that several techniques in modifying the physical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients in tablet formulations can handle the problem of the hygroscopic nature of active ingredients by increasing the control of hygroscopicity of a solid so as to increase the stability of active ingredients. Keywords: Formulation, hygroscopic, handling, preparation, tablets.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN CROSPOVIDONE DALAM PEMBUATAN TABLET ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLET LORATADIN SECARA GRANULASI BASAH DAN KEMPA LANGSUNG Anggraeni Wulan; Purnamasari Nira; Alatas Fikri; Ratih Hestiary; Aulia Rachmadian
Pharmacoscript Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): Pharmacoscript
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36423/pharmacoscript.v6i1.1188

Sediaan Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT) merupakan sistem penghantaran obat dengan disintegrasi yang cepat dalam waktu kurang dari 60 detik. ODT umumnya menggunakan bahan penghancur yang dapat mempercepat hancurnya tablet dalam rongga mulut tanpa melalui proses pembentukan gel, antara lain crospovidone. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan crospovidone dalam pembuatan ODT loratadin dengan metode granulasi basah dan kempa langsung terhadap sifat fisik tablet, seperti kerapuhan, kekerasan, waktu pembasahan, waktu hancur serta profil disolusi tablet. Penambahan crospovidone dengan metode granulasi basah dilakukan secara intragranular dan ekstragranular. Secara intragranular crospovidone dicampurkan dengan eksipien lain untuk membentuk granul, sedangkan secara ekstragranular, crospovidone dicampurkan dengan granul kering. Berbeda dengan metode granulasi basah, pada metode kempa langsung, crospovidone dicampurkan langsung dengan bahan-bahan lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan crospovidone dalam pembuatan ODT loratadin secara intragranular, ekstragranular dan kempa langsung mempengaruhi sifat fisik tablet seperti kerapuhan, kekerasan, waktu pembasahan, waktu hancur serta profil disolusi tablet. Penambahan crospovidone secara kempa langsung merupakan metode yang paling efektif dalam menghasilkan Orally Disintegrating Tablet loratadine dengan waktu hancur yang paling singkat yaitu 57 detik.

Solid Dispersion Technology for Improving the Solubility of Antiviral Drugs Butar-Butar, Maria Elvina Tresia; Wathoni, Nasrul; Ratih, Hestiary; Wardhana, Yoga Windhu
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 10, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Most drugs, including antiviral drugs, show low solubility in water, which affects dissolution, bioavailability, and therapeutic effectiveness. Therefore, many antiviral drugs are given in very large doses. One of the efforts to overcome these problems is the application of solid dispersions in which polymers and surfactants can trap drug molecules that are in the amorphous phase. Drugs in a hydrophilic carrier will increase wettability, water absorption capacity, and porosity of particles, so that the drug is released better. This review article will discuss the development of technology in solid-state, how solid dispersion overcomes the lack of solubility and the rate of dissolution of antiviral drugs, and solid dispersion preparation techniques. We also discuss some examples of successful applications of solid dispersion methods to antiviral drugs that have been circulating on the market. Overall, this review article offers information of innovation in the development of antiviral drugs to provide more solid dispersion antiviral drug products.

Formulasi dan Evaluasi Fisik Sediaan Granul Stevia Sebagai Pemanis Alami Dengan Penambahan Polivinilpirolidon (PVP) Sebagai Pengikat Al-Hakim, Nur Achsan; Ratih , Hestiary; Sabrilla , Niken
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i2.661

The development of natural sweetener discoveries continues to be carried out to realize healthy living behavior in its use in food and beverage products, including in the formulation of pharmaceutical preparations. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) is a plant that contains high sweetness and has the lowest caloric value. This study aims to formulate and physically evaluate stevia extract granule preparations using the wet granulation method with the addition of varying concentrations of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a binder, F0 (without PVP), F1 (1%), F2 (3%), and F3 (5%). Physical evaluation of stevia granule preparation includes organoleptic test, moisture content, flow rate, angle of repose, compressibility index and granule dissolving time in water. The results of the physical evaluation of granule preparations during 28 days storage showed that F3 was the best formula compared to other formulas, as evidenced by the results of statistical analysis using the one-way ANOVA method showing significant differences (p<0.05) between formulations. The evaluation results obtained were moisture content (<3%), flow rate (10.23 g/sec), angle of repose (27°), compressibility index (10%) and granule dissolving time (<1 minute). This study shows that the use of 5% PVP concentration in F3 as a binder can improve the physical properties of stevia granule preparations to be better than 1% and 3% concentrations.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN DUA TIPE ENKAPSULAT PHARMACOAT TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MIKROKAPSUL ASAM ASKORBAT Pratiwi, Gladdis Kamilah; Alatas, Fikri; Ratih, Hestiary; Sutarna, Titta Hartyana; Bintary, Dyan; Prianto, Ulla L. F.
Medika Kartika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 7 No 4 (2024): Medika Kartika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Asam askorbat, suatu vitamin yang larut dalam air, dapat teroksidasi oleh faktor lingkungan dan pembuatan mikrokapsul dengan enkpasulat yang tepat menjadi sangat penting untuk meningkatkan karakteristiknya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan dua tipe enkapsulat Pharmacoat terhadap karakteristik mikrokapsul asam askorbat. Mikrokapsul asam askorbat dibuat dengan metode penguapan pelarut dengan menggunakan variasi konsentrasi dua tipe Pharmacoat sebagai enkapsulat, yaitu F1 dan F2 menggunakan Pharmacoat 606 dengan rasio asam askorbat-Pharmacoat 606 berturut-turut 1 : 1 dan 2 : 3, sementara F3 dan F4 menggunakan Pharmacoat 615 dengan rasio asam askorbat : Pharmacoat 615 berturut-turut 1 : 1 dan 2 : 3. Etanol digunakan sebagai pelarut polimer dan asam askorbat, parafin cair sebagai fase minyak, dan Span 80 sebagai emulgator. Karakteristik mikrokapsul yang dievaluasi, meliputi penetapan kadar air, uji perolehan kembali, distribusi ukuran partikel mikrokapsul, uji stabilitas terhadap paparan cahaya, dan morfologi mikrokapsul menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan seluruh formula mikrokapsul memiliki kadar air adalah sekitar 1-3 %, dan distribusi ukuran partikel mikrokapsul pada rentang 250-500 μm. Efisiensi penjeratan mikrokapsul F1, F2, F3, dan F4 berturut-turut adalah 75,67, 86,88, 82,02, dan, 93,72%. F4 memiliki efektivitas paling naik dalam mengurangi oksidasi asam askorbat dari pararan cahaya. Fotomikrograf SEM menunjukkan F4 memiliki morfologi paling baik. Kesimpulannya, mikrokapsul yang dibuat dengan rasio asam askorbat: Pharmacoat 615 (2 : 3) menunjukkan stabilitas terhadap paparan cahaya dan morfologi paling baik. Kata kunci : asam askorbat, mikrokapsul, Pharmacoat® 606, Pharmacoat® 615 DOI : 10.35990/mk.v7n4.p331-340

Optimization of Kefir Tablet Formulation using Acacia Gum as A Natural Binding Agent Hestiary Ratih; Ridha Dwita Putri; Slamet Ibrahim; Mira Andam Dewi
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 3 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.26798

Kefir enriched with Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) potentially has excellent health benefits as a probiotic beverage but its stability in liquid forms is limited. In order to attain stabilization and standardization of appropriate doses, kefir was converted to powders and subsequently formed into tablets using the wet granulation method after spray drying. This study aimed to optimize the formulation by comparing three concentrations of gum acacia (F1: 5%, F2: 10%, F3: 15%) as a natural binder and protective agent. Granule evaluation confirmed all formulations had low moisture content and good flow properties, with F3 exhibiting the best compressibility index (12.78%). Tablet evaluation showed all formulations met the friability (≤ 1%) and disintegration time (≤ 15 minutes) requirements. For tablet hardness, only F2 and F3 met the specification (≥ 4 kP), with F3 achieving the highest value (6.12 ± 0.09 kP). LAB viability showed a positive correlation with binder concentration, with F3 producing the highest colony count (709 ± 1.4 x 107 CFU/g). Throughout, F3 was able to produce the best quality intact matrices, extensive protective matrices, and outstanding viability among the LAB, F3 has pronounced to be the most propitious to be a very stable probiotic nutraceutical formulation.

Optimization of Kefir Tablet Formulation using Acacia Gum as A Natural Binding Agent Hestiary Ratih; Ridha Dwita Putri; Slamet Ibrahim; Mira Andam Dewi
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 3 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.26798

Kefir enriched with Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) potentially has excellent health benefits as a probiotic beverage but its stability in liquid forms is limited. In order to attain stabilization and standardization of appropriate doses, kefir was converted to powders and subsequently formed into tablets using the wet granulation method after spray drying. This study aimed to optimize the formulation by comparing three concentrations of gum acacia (F1: 5%, F2: 10%, F3: 15%) as a natural binder and protective agent. Granule evaluation confirmed all formulations had low moisture content and good flow properties, with F3 exhibiting the best compressibility index (12.78%). Tablet evaluation showed all formulations met the friability (≤ 1%) and disintegration time (≤ 15 minutes) requirements. For tablet hardness, only F2 and F3 met the specification (≥ 4 kP), with F3 achieving the highest value (6.12 ± 0.09 kP). LAB viability showed a positive correlation with binder concentration, with F3 producing the highest colony count (709 ± 1.4 x 107 CFU/g). Throughout, F3 was able to produce the best quality intact matrices, extensive protective matrices, and outstanding viability among the LAB, F3 has pronounced to be the most propitious to be a very stable probiotic nutraceutical formulation.

PEMANFAATAN RIMPANG JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) SEBAGAI BIOREDUKTOR DALAM PEMBUATAN NANOPARTIKEL EMAS DAN PENAMBAHAN CARBOXY METHYL CELLULLOSE NATRIUM (CMC-Na) SEBAGAI STABILISATOR Titta Hartyana Sutarna; Hestiary Ratih; Arie Hardian; Dwi Ayudhaningsih
Jurnal Tadris Kimiya Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Education, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jtk.v11i1.55429

Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using plant extracts has attracted increasing attention as an environmentally benign alternative to conventional chemical methods. However, achieving controlled particle size and long-term colloidal stability remains a significant challenge. This study investigated the potential of red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) rhizome extract as a bioreducing agent for gold-containing colloidal particle formation and evaluated the stabilizing effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na). The extract was characterized through antioxidant and phytochemical analyses before being employed to reduce HAuCl₄. The resulting colloidal systems were analyzed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, polarized microscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential measurement, and storage stability evaluation. The appearance of a purple-colored dispersion with surface plasmon resonance bands at 550–557.5 nm indicated the formation of gold-containing colloidal particles. Initial particle sizes ranged from 137 to 233.4 nm, with larger particles observed at higher extract concentrations, suggesting concentration-dependent particle growth or aggregation. Phytochemical constituents containing hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl functional groups are proposed to facilitate Au³⁺ reduction and contribute to the initial capping of the particles. Among the tested formulations, 2% CMC-Na provided the greatest improvement in short-term colloidal stability, delaying aggregation for approximately 14 days. Nevertheless, the substantial increase in hydrodynamic diameter during storage indicates the formation of aggregated or polymer-coated colloidal structures rather than well-dispersed AuNPs. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of red ginger extract for green gold colloid synthesis while highlighting the need for further optimization and advanced characterization to achieve smaller, more uniform, and long-term stable AuNPs.

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