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Safety Assessment of TENORM Waste Landfill on Bangka Island Using Resrad Offsite 4.0 Setiawan, A.; Kurniati, M.; Iskandar, D.; Sucipta, S; Pratama, H. A.; Setiawan, R.
Atom Indonesia Vol 51, No 2 (2025): AUGUST 2025
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/aij.2025.1570

Abstract

Bangka Island faced serious environmental challenges due to TENORM (Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) waste from tin mining activities. The waste contained radionuclides such as U-238, Th-232, and K-40, which could have had detrimental effects on human health and the environment. To solve this problem, TENORM waste should be disposed of in the class II landfill facility. The Class II landfill was more efficient by cost than the Class I landfill. The landfill design provide a waste contamination layer with dimensions of 160 × 160 × 3 meters. This landfill class has 5 layers from top to bottom cover layers such as the contamination or waste layer, protective coating layer, layer for collecting and transferring, geomembrane layer, soil barrier layer, leak detection system layer, and base layer, which each layer was intended to safeguard against contamination. These protective layers were required to adhere to precise specifications regarding material, thickness, and hydraulic conductivity to effectively manage waste and leachate. Additionally, the base layer consisted of compacted clay, designed to regulate hydraulic conductivity and offer sustained environmental protection. This paper will discuss the radiological safety assessment of this landfill design. This design was modeled using Resrad Offsite 4.0 software to assess its radiation safety in order to fulfill landfill safety requirements. The simulation results showed a maximum radiation dose of 0.40537 mSv per year at a distance of 200 meters from the landfill center, which was estimated to persist for 29,265 years after the landfill was closed. The cancer risk probability was estimated to be 4.25 × 10⁻⁴. More importantly, this dose was still below the safe limit set by BAPETEN (Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency) for public radiation exposure, which is 1 mSv per year. The class II landfill design, based on the simulation results, was safe for public health and the environment.
Model Bangkitan Perjalanan Penduduk Hunian Tetap (Studi Kasus Hunian Tetap Tondo) Badwi, B.; Patunrangi, J.; Setiawan, A.
REKONSTRUKSI TADULAKO: Civil Engineering Journal on Research and Development Vol. 6 Issue 2 (September 2025)
Publisher : Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/renstra.v6i2.661

Abstract

The Tondo permanent residence is located in Tondo sub-district, Mantikulore sub-district, Palu city. This residence will have a traffic impact on the surrounding road network because the impact of development in the area where the residence is built will still be an increase in population, increase in income, increase in vehicle ownership and the construction of a number of public facilities which will generate traffic generation and attraction so that It is necessary to conduct research on socio-economic characteristics, movement characteristics and generation models. Data collection was carried out using primary data through a home interview survey. To produce a trip generation model in this study, multiple linear regression methods were used. The socio-economic characteristics of Tondo permanent residences are 37.66% of family members amounting to 3 people, 39.29% total income of Rp. 1,000,000 – Rp. 3,000,000, the number of 2-wheeled vehicle owners is 40.58% who owns 2 units, the number of 4-wheeled vehicle owners is 88.64% and does not own a car and the travel intensity is 41.23%, amounting to 5 trips, while the characteristics of population movement in Tondo permanent residences namely the address before the earthquake 45.13% came from West Palu District, the type of work 49.03% worked as self-employed, the purpose of the trip 62.66% was to work, the education level of 79.22% was high school and the destination of the trip was 24.03% Head to Mantikulore District. The trip generation model is Y = 2.8642 + 0.9452 X3