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Stress Distribution and Rib Reinforcement Design in Konstruksi Sarang Laba-Laba (KSLL) Foundations Using the Winkler Method Akbar Kurnia; Andriani Andriani; Abdul Hakam
MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Motivection : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering
Publisher : Indonesian Mechanical Electrical and Industrial Research Society (IMEIRS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46574/motivection.v8i1.526

Previous studies on Konstruksi Sarang Laba-Laba (KSLL) foundations have primarily focused on bearing capacity and overall foundation performance, while limited attention has been given to soil–structure interaction, stress distribution, and reinforcement design of KSLL ribs using the Winkler method. This study investigates the stress distribution in KSLL foundation ribs and determines the corresponding reinforcement requirements under different subgrade conditions. A numerical modeling approach was employed using a structural analysis program to simulate KSLL foundations on three soil categories—soft, medium, and stiff soils—with three rib/column connector dimensions of 30 × 30 cm, 50 × 50 cm, and 80 × 80 cm. The analysis was based on the modulus of subgrade reaction (Ks) to represent Winkler-type foundation springs. The results show that Ks increases with soil stiffness, indicating stronger subgrade support in stiffer soils. Soft soil consistently produced the highest normal stress, shear stress, and settlement, followed by medium and stiff soils. The ratio of normal stress between soft and stiff soils ranged from 1.5 to 3.0, while the shear stress ratio ranged from 1.4 to 2.0 at support zones and 1.6 to 1.9 at span regions. The effect of column-size variation on normal stress was relatively limited, although larger column dimensions reduced shear stress at supports by improving force distribution. The required main reinforcement increased with normal stress, reaching 7–8 bars in soft soil, 6 bars in medium soil, and 5–6 bars in stiff soil. Shear reinforcement spacing decreased as shear demand increased, with minimum spacing of 110 mm in soft soil, 150 mm in medium soil, and 260 mm in stiff soil. These findings demonstrate the importance of incorporating soil–structure interaction, subgrade stiffness, and rib-specific reinforcement design in KSLL foundation analysis to achieve safer and more efficient shallow foundation design.

Land Use Changes in Batang Suliti Watershed using ArcGIS Robby Eldy Eka Putra; Junaidi; Andriani
CIVED Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): Regular Issue
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/cived.v12i1.722

The ArcGIS application can process satellite imagery data into a land use map and calculate the area of each land use type. This study analyzes land use changes in the Batang Suliti watershed from 2013 to 2022 using ArcGIS. The study employs supervised classification and cloud masking techniques to enhance accuracy. The results indicate that forest area decreased by 4.47% with an annual change rate of 0.50%, followed by a 2.55% reduction in rice fields, while residential areas increased by 1.21%. These changes are mainly driven by population growth and agricultural expansion. The findings highlight the need for sustainable land use management policies to mitigate environmental degradation in the watershed.

Utilization of Cold Lava Material from Mount Marapi Volcano as Road Embankment in West Sumatra, Indonesia Yory Yananza; andriani andriani; Muhammad Shubhi Nurul Hadie; Afra Inayah Putri
Teras Jurnal : Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 16 No 2 (2026): Teras Jurnal (September 2026)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/tj.v16i2.1360

Abstrak Gunung Marapi merupakan salah satu gunung api aktif di Sumatra Barat yang sering mengalami erupsi. Material hasil erupsi seperti abu vulkanik, pasir, dan batuan piroklastik tersebar di sekitar kawasan terdampak, termasuk di daerah Bukit Batabuah, Kabupaten Agam. Pemanfaatan material ini sebagai bahan konstruksi, khususnya untuk timbunan jalan, menjadi opsi menarik untuk mendukung pembangunan infrastruktur berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kesesuaian material lahar dingin sebagai bahan timbunan jalan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa material lahar dingin Gunung Marapi berupa tanah pasir dengan gradasi baik, nilai California Bearing Ratio (CBR) > 6 % dan tidak terjadi pengembangan selama proses perendaman; sudut geser dalam (φ) > 30o dan kohesi (c) antara 0.005 kg/cm2 – 0.037 kg/cm2. Berdasarkan Surat Edaran Dirjen Bina Marga No. 16.1/ SE/ Db/ 2020 tentang Spesifikasi Umum 2018 untuk pekerjaan konstruksi jembatan dan jalan, maka material ini cocok digunakan sebagai material timbunan pilihan. Kata kunci: Lahar dingin; Gunung Marapi; timbunan jalan; California Bearing Ratio (CBR); kekuatan geser Abstract Mount Marapi is one of the active volcanoes in West Sumatra that frequently erupts. Eruption materials such as volcanic ash, sand, and pyroclastic rocks are scattered around the affected areas, including in the Bukit Batabuah area, Agam Regency. Utilizing these materials as construction materials, especially for road embankments, is an attractive option to support sustainable infrastructure development. This study aims to identify the suitability of cold lava material as road embankment material. The test results show that the cold lava material of Mount Marapi is sandy soil with good gradation, a California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of > 6% and no swelling during soaked process; an internal friction angle (φ) of > 30o and cohesion (c) between 0.005 kg/cm2 – 0.037 kg/cm2. Based on the Circular Letter of the Director General of Highways No. 16.1/ SE/ Db/ 2020 concerning General Specifications 2018 for bridge and road construction work, this material is suitable for use as the selected embankment material. Keywords: cold lava; Mount Marapi; road embankment; California Bearing Ratio (CBR); shear strength

Perbaikan Jalan Longsor dengan menggunakan Stuktur Penahan Tanah (Kasus Ruas Jalan Tanah Badantung-Kiliran Jao, Sijunjung, Sumatra Barat): Geotechnical andriani andriani
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Volume 15 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jts.v15i1.1256

The slope stability of hillside roads in West Sumatra is often affected by the combination of weak soil conditions, steep topography, and high rainfall, which increase the pore water pressure behind retaining structures. One of the critical locations is found along the Tanah Badantung–Kiliran Jao Road section in Sijunjung Regency, which has a slope inclination of approximately 55° and consists of silty sand soil. The initial analysis indicates a slope safety factor (FK) of less than 1.25, suggesting the need for an adaptive soil retaining structure that can respond to local geotechnical and hydrological conditions. This study develops an adaptive design of a Retaining Wall that combines a gravity-type wall, a gabion toe structure, and an integrated drainage system to reduce pore water pressure. The drainage system includes a granular layer, geotextile filter, perforated toe drain, and weep holes as discharge paths. The results show that adding a gabion with a height of 1–2 m and a stone unit weight of 18–22 kN/m³ increases the sliding safety factor from 1.29 to >2.0 and the overturning safety factor from 5.4 to >5.5, while the bearing safety factor slightly decreases but remains safe (FK ≥ 3). This adaptive design effectively improves slope stability and drainage efficiency in compact silty sand soils.

Utilization of Cold Lava Material from Mount Marapi Volcano as Road Embankment in West Sumatra, Indonesia Yory Yananza; andriani andriani; Muhammad Shubhi Nurul Hadie; Afra Inayah Putri
Teras Jurnal : Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 16 No 2 (2026): Teras Jurnal (September 2026)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/tj.v16i2.1360

Abstrak Gunung Marapi merupakan salah satu gunung api aktif di Sumatra Barat yang sering mengalami erupsi. Material hasil erupsi seperti abu vulkanik, pasir, dan batuan piroklastik tersebar di sekitar kawasan terdampak, termasuk di daerah Bukit Batabuah, Kabupaten Agam. Pemanfaatan material ini sebagai bahan konstruksi, khususnya untuk timbunan jalan, menjadi opsi menarik untuk mendukung pembangunan infrastruktur berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kesesuaian material lahar dingin sebagai bahan timbunan jalan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa material lahar dingin Gunung Marapi berupa tanah pasir dengan gradasi baik, nilai California Bearing Ratio (CBR) > 6 % dan tidak terjadi pengembangan selama proses perendaman; sudut geser dalam (φ) > 30o dan kohesi (c) antara 0.005 kg/cm2 – 0.037 kg/cm2. Berdasarkan Surat Edaran Dirjen Bina Marga No. 16.1/ SE/ Db/ 2020 tentang Spesifikasi Umum 2018 untuk pekerjaan konstruksi jembatan dan jalan, maka material ini cocok digunakan sebagai material timbunan pilihan. Kata kunci: Lahar dingin; Gunung Marapi; timbunan jalan; California Bearing Ratio (CBR); kekuatan geser Abstract Mount Marapi is one of the active volcanoes in West Sumatra that frequently erupts. Eruption materials such as volcanic ash, sand, and pyroclastic rocks are scattered around the affected areas, including in the Bukit Batabuah area, Agam Regency. Utilizing these materials as construction materials, especially for road embankments, is an attractive option to support sustainable infrastructure development. This study aims to identify the suitability of cold lava material as road embankment material. The test results show that the cold lava material of Mount Marapi is sandy soil with good gradation, a California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of > 6% and no swelling during soaked process; an internal friction angle (φ) of > 30o and cohesion (c) between 0.005 kg/cm2 – 0.037 kg/cm2. Based on the Circular Letter of the Director General of Highways No. 16.1/ SE/ Db/ 2020 concerning General Specifications 2018 for bridge and road construction work, this material is suitable for use as the selected embankment material. Keywords: cold lava; Mount Marapi; road embankment; California Bearing Ratio (CBR); shear strength

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