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Confinement of Reinforced-Concrete Columns with NonCode Compliant Confining Reinforcement plus Supplemental Pen-Binder Kristianto, Anang; Imran, Iswandi; Suarjana, Made; Pane, Ivindra
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 44, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (776.434 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.eng.sci.2012.44.3.2

Abstract

Abstract.  One  of  the  important  requirements  for  earthquake  resistant  building related  to  confinement  is  the  use  of  seismic  hooks  in  the  hoop  or  confining reinforcement  of  reinforced-concrete  column  elements. However, installation of a  confining  reinforcement  with  a  135-degree  hook  is  not  easy.  Therefore,  in practice, many construction workers apply a confining reinforcement with a  90-degree  hook  (non-code  compliant).  Based  on  research  and  records  of  recent earthquakes  in  Indonesia,  the  use  of  a  non-code  compliant  confining reinforcement  for  concrete  columns  produces  structures  with  poor  seismic performance.  This paper  presents a study  that  introduces  an additional element that is expected to improve the effectiveness of concrete columns confined with a non-code compliant  confining reinforcement. The additional element, named a pen-binder,  is   used to keep the  non-code compliant  confining reinforcement in place. The effectiveness of this element  under pure axial concentric loading  was investigatedcomprehensively.The  specimens  tested  in  this  study  were  18 concrete columns,with a cross-section of 170 mm x 170 mm and a height of 480 mm. The main test variables were the material type of the  pen-binder, the angle of  the  hook,  and  the  confining  reinforcement  configuration.The  test  results indicate  that  adding  pen -binders  can  effectively  improve  the  strength  and ductility of the column specimens confined with a non-code compliant  confining reinforcement. 
Behavior of Shear Link of WFSection with Diagonal Web Stiffener of Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) of Steel Structure Yurisman, Yurisman; Budiono, Bambang; Moestopo, Muslinang; Suarjana, Made
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 42, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (742.101 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.eng.sci.2010.42.2.1

Abstract

This paper presents results of numerical and experimental study of shear link behavior, utilizing diagonal stiffener on web of steel profile to increase shear link performance in an eccentric braced frame (EBF) of a steel structure system. The specimen is to examine the behavior of shear link by using diagonal stiffener on web part under static monotonic and cyclic load. The cyclic loading pattern conducted in the experiment is adjusted according to AISC loading standards 2005. Analysis was carried out using non-linear finite element method using MSC/NASTRAN software. Link was modeled as CQUAD shell element. Along the boundary of the loading area the nodal are constraint to produce only one direction loading. The length of the link in this analysis is 400mm of the steel profile of WF 200.100. Important parameters considered to effect significantly to the performance of shear link have been analyzed, namely flange and web thicknesses, thickness and length of web stiffener, thickness of diagonal stiffener and geometric of diagonal stiffener. The behavior of shear link with diagonal web stiffener was compared with the behavior of standard link designed based on AISC 2005 criteria. Analysis results show that diagonal web stiffener is capable to increase shear link performance in terms of stiffness, strength and energy dissipation in supporting lateral load. However, differences in displacement ductility’s between shear links with diagonal stiffener and shear links based on AISC standards have not shown to be significant. Analysis results also show thickness of diagonal stiffener and geometric model of stiffener to have a significant influence on the performance of shear links. To perform validation of the numerical study, the research is followed by experimental work conducted in Structural Mechanic Laboratory Center for Industrial Engineering ITB. The Structures and Mechanics Lab rotary PAU-ITB. The experiments were carried out using three test specimens with model and dimension identical to the model in the numerical study. Experimental testing apparently has shown results of the same behavior as predicted in the numerical study. However, when it is compared to the shape of the hysterical curve, a slight difference is apparent. This is due to the influence of stiffness of bolt joints and the supports which is difficult to model precisely in the numerical studies. 
Pengujian Perumusan Code API (American Petroleum Institute) untuk Joint Baja Tubular tidak Digrout dan Digrout dengan Metoda Elemen Hingga Suarjana, Made; Kurnia, Mahdian
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 20, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (559.606 KB)

Abstract

Abstrak. Offshore Platform biasanya menggunakan struktur baja tubular sebagai komponen utama penyusunnya. Kerusakan dapat terjadi pada bagian joint tubular, salah satu cara untuk memperbaikinya adalah dengan sistem grouted joint. Sistem grouted joint ini dianggap efektif karena biayanya yang tidak terlalu mahal dibandingkan dengan cara yang lain serta tidak mengganggu kegiatan operasional platform karena pengerjaannya tidak menghasilkan api. Perumusan mengenai kapasitas dari tubular joint (tanpa grout dan dengan grout) sudah dirumuskan di dalam API RP 2A WSD (American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 2A Working Stress Design) 2007. Hasil perhitungan manual berdasarkan code API ini akan dicek dan dibandingkan serta dianalisis dengan hasil dari pemodelan elemen hingga. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh kenaikan kapasitas aksial tarik rata-rata yaitu 52,75% (min. -6% dan maks. 116%).Kenaikan kapasitas aksial tekan rata-rata yaitu 343,75% (min. 230% dan maks. 468%). Kenaikan kapasitas momen lentur searah bidang rata-rata yaitu 68,88% (min. 36% dan maks. 98%). Kenaikan kapasitas momen lentur keluar bidang rata-rata yaitu 220,50% (min. 71% dan maks.  577%). Sedangkan perbedaan hasil antara perhitungan manual berdasarkan API dan pemodelan elemen hingga memiliki perbedaan rata-rata sebesar 19% (min. 2% dan maks 42%).Abstract. Offshore platform are usually made of tubular steel as main component. Damage can occur in tubular joint, one way to restore the joint capacity is to apply grouted joint system. Grouted joint system is considered to be the most effective because the cost isn’t too expensive compared to the other retrofitting and doesn’t disturb the platform operations. Formulation of the capacity of the tubular joint already defined in API RP 2A WSD code (American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 2A Working Stress Design) 2007. Manual calculation results will be compared and analyzed with the results from finite element modeling. This research examined the amount of increase in tubular joint capacity of all the loadings. From the analysis shows that the increase in  axial tension capacity of the average is 52.75% (min. -6% and max. 116%). The increase the capacity of the average axial compression is 343.75% (min. 230% and max. 468%). The increase in in-plane bending moment capacity of the average is 68.88% (min. 36% and max. 98%). The increase in out-of-plane bending moment capacity of the average is 220.50% (min. 71% and max. 577%). While the difference in results between the manual calculations based on API and finite element modeling have an average difference of 19% (min. 2% and max 42%).
Coupling of Finite Element and Boundary Element Methods for Structural Analysis of Shear Wall - Frame Building Suarjana, Made; Wibowo, Ari
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 17, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (267.321 KB)

Abstract

Abstract. In this study a method to couple the finite element method (FEM) and the boundary element method (BEM) for solving structural analysis problems is investigated and implemented. The investigation is focused on developing and selecting a practical method for integrating the system of linear equations derived from the FEM and the BEM into a combined global system, and to study the efficiency and accuracy of the coupled method. A coupling method that based on transforming the system of equation from the BEM into a form that can be assembled to the global system of equation of the FEM is implemented. The coupled method is useful for solving structural analysis problem of shear wall-frame building. Shear walls are modeled as plane stress BEM regions, while frames are modeled as beam-column FEM regions. The accuracy and efficiency of the coupled method is studied by solving structural analysis problems of an 8 stories shear wall-frame building model. The coupled FEM and BEM method has been implemented for structural analysis of shear wall-frame building in a personal computer program. The coupled method is much more complicated to implement compared to the FEM. However, the benefit of reduced complexity in mesh generation and increased efficiency in both memory requirement and computing time can be very significant.Abstrak. Pada studi ini diteliti metode untuk menggabungkan metode elemen hingga (FEM) dengan metode elemen batas (BEM) dalam menyelesaikan masalah-masalah analisis struktur. Fokus penelitian adalah mengembangkan dan memilih metode yang praktis untuk menggabungkan sistem persamaan linier yang diturunkan dari FEM dan BEM menjadi satu sistem persamaan global, dan untuk mempelajari efisiensi dan akurasi dari metode gabungan. Metode penggabungan yang diterapkan pada dasarnya mentransformasikan sistem persamaan BEM menjadi bentuk yang dapat dirakit ke sistem persamaan global FEM. Sistem gabungan dipergunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah analisis struktur gedung dengan sistem struktur portal dan dinding geser. Dinding geser dimodelkan dengan BEM plane stress, sedangkan portal dimodelkan dengan FEM balok-kolom. Metode gabungan diterapkan menjadi program komputer. Akurasi dan efisiensi metode gabungan dipelajari dengan menyelesaikan analisis struktur gedung 8 lantai dengan sistem portal-dinding geser. Sistem gabungan lebih rumit dalam proses pemrogramannya, tetapi keuntungan diperoleh dari kemudahan pembuatan model struktur dan peningkatan efisiensi dalam pemakaian memori komputer dan waktu penyelesaian.
Kajian Numerik Terhadap Kinerja Link Geser dengan Pengaku Diagonal pada Struktur Rangka Baja Berpenopang Eksentrik (EBF) Yurisman, Yurisman; Budiono, Bambang; Moestopo, Muslinang; Suarjana, Made
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 17, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Abstract

Abstrak. Makalah ini menyajikan hasil studi numerik yang meneliti perilaku link geser dengan menggunakan pengaku diagonal pada bagian badan untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya, pada sistem struktur baja berpengaku eksentrik (EBF). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti perilaku link geser dengan menggunakan pengaku diagonal pada bagian badan dibawah pembebanan statik monotonik dan siklik dengan kontrol perpindahan, riwayat pembebanan yang diberikan dalam pengujian ini sesuai dengan standar pembebanan AISC 2005. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan elemen hingga Non-Linier dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak komputer MSC/NASTRAN. Link dimodelkan sebagai elemen shell yang ditumpu pada kedua ujungnya sedangkan beberapa nodal pada posisi pembebanan diperbolehkan untuk bertranslasi dalam satu arah saja (sumbu-y).. Beberapa parameter penting yang dianggap berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja link geser telah dianalisa mencakup: tebal sayap, tebal badan, tebal dan jarak pengaku badan, tebal pengaku diagonal dan geometrik pengaku diagonal. Perilaku link geser dengan pengaku diagonal badan dibandingkan dengan perilaku link standar yang direncanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan AISC 2005. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengaku diagonal badan dapat meningkatkan kinerja link geser dalam hal: kekuatan kekakuan dan dissipasi energi dalam menahan beban lateral. Namun, perbedaan nilai daktilitas antara link geser dengan pengaku diagonal badan dan link geser yang direncanakan sesuai standar AISC tidak begitu signifikan. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa ketebalan pengaku diagonal dan model geometrik pengaku tersebut berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja link geser. Abstract. This paper presents a numerical study to investigate the behaviour of shear link in case of enhancement of the shear link performance of Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBF) of steel structures by using diagonal web stiffenner. This research aims to investigate the behaviour of shear link with diagonal stiffenner under monotonic and cyclic of loading with displacement control, the loading hystory is applied to the model of link accordance with standard of AISC 2005. Non-Linier Finite Element Method is applied using the computer software of MSC/NASTRAN. Link is modeled as shell element and fixed at its both ends except for degree of freedom of the vertical displacement (y-direction) at the one end where the load is applied. Several important parameters of shear link has ben investigated: the thickness of flange, web and web stiffener, the space of web stiffner, the thickness of diagonal web stiffner and its geometric. The behaviour of shear link with diagonal  web stiffener is compared to the behaviour of the link designed in accordance with the AISC 2005 Standard Code of Practice. The results of the analysis show that the diagonal web stiffener increases the performance of the shear link in terms of strength, stiffness, energy dissipation to resist lateral load. However, the difference between the ductilities of the link with diagonal web stiffenner and standard link of AISC Code is not significant. Parameters which are significantly influencing the performance of the shear link are the thickness of diagonal web stiffener and its geometry.
Studi Eksperimental Penggunaan Tulangan Pengekang Tidak Standar yang Dimodifikasi pada Kolom Persegi Beton Bertulang Kristianto, Anang; Imran, Iswandi; Suarjana, Made
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1865.077 KB)

Abstract

Abstrak. Salah satu persyaratan penting untuk konstruksi tahan gempa yang terkait dengan pengekangan adalah pemasangan tulangan pengekang dengan kait gempa 1350 pada sengkang. Dalam pelaksanaannya banyak pelaksana konstruksi menggunakan tulangan pengekang dengan kait 900 atau dengan konfigurasi dobel C (tidak sesuai standar). Berdasarkan beberapa hasil penelitian dan beberapa catatan dari kejadian gempa di Indonesia akhir-akhir ini, pemasangan tulangan pengekang yang tidak sesuai standar untuk kolom beton bertulang menghasilkan kinerja yang buruk sebagai struktur tahan gempa. Makalah ini memaparkan hasil eksperimen yang bertujuan mengembangkan elemen tambahan (pen-binder) untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pengekangan kolom beton dengan tulangan pengekang yang tidak sesuai standar. Efektivitas dari tambahan elemen untuk meningkatkan kinerja pengekangan pada beberapa konfigurasi tulangan pengekang yang tidak standar ini diuji dengan beban aksial dan lateral siklis. Benda uji berjumlah 5 buah kolom, dimensi penampang 260 mm x 260 mm dan tinggi 1500 mm. Variabel pengujian adalah jenis material pen-binder,level beban aksial dan sudut kait yang digunakan dalam tulangan pengekang. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi terhadap tulangan pengekang tidak standar efektif mengekang inti beton, meningkatkan daktilitas dan kemampuan disipasi energikolom benda uji.Abstract. One of the important requirements for earthquake resistant buildings associated with confinement is the use of seismic hook (135-degree hook) in hoop. Therefore, in practice many construction workers use confining reinforcement 90-degree hook or with double C configuration (code non-compliance). Based on some research and some records of recent earthquakes in Indonesia, the use of the code non-compliance confining reinforcement for reinforced concrete columns can result in structures with poor seismic performance. This paper presents the results of experimental study with an objective to develop an additional element (pen-binder) expected to improve the effectiveness of concrete columns confined with non-compliance confining reinforcement. The effectiveness of  this additional element in improving the performance of some configuration of non-compliance confining reinforcement in columns under axial and lateral cyclic loading was investigated in this study.The specimens tested in the study were 5 column specimens, with 260 mm x 260 mm in cross section and 1500 mm in height. The test variables were types of pen-binder material, level of axial load, angle of hook applied. The test results indicate that confining reinforcement modification can be effective in confining the core concrete, improving ductility and dissipation energy of column specimens.
Prestressed Concrete I-Girder Optimization via Genetic Algorithm Adibaskoro, Tito; Suarjana, Made
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 51, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (185.633 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2019.51.2.2

Abstract

Prestressed concrete has been gaining popularity in the construction industry because of its many advantages, which include reduced dead load due to less material used and overall cost savings. Nonetheless, a single prestressed concrete I-girder as a structural element in highway bridges is still significantly costly and massive, so optimization can yield a significant amount of cost savings as well as reduced material consumption. In this study, prestressed concrete I-girder optimization was carried out by implementing a genetic algorithm (GA), a method inspired by nature’s evolution and natural selection. This study evaluates a number of aspects of applying a genetic algorithm for optimization of material cost of a prestressed concrete I-girder design. A new method for calculating the fitness value is proposed, which was proven to be essential for the application developed in this study. The best solution that resulted from the optimization process is presented, defined by being the least costly solution while still maintaining compliance with the AASHTO LRFD 2007 design code, which includes ultimate strength, service stresses and deflection, detailing requirements, geometrical feasibility, etc. Lastly, a sensitivity analysis was carried out, discussing the influence of the starting conditions on the output of the optimization process.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Mind Mapping berbantuan Alat Peraga Tangga Garis Bilangan terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Arsana, I Komang; Suarjana, Made; Arini, Ni Wayan
International Journal of Elementary Education Vol 3, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (673.597 KB) | DOI: 10.23887/ijee.v3i2.18511

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Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan rancangan Equivalent post test only control group design. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 40 orang siswa, 22 orang siswa kelas IV SD No 4 Sukasada sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan sebanyak 18 orang siswa kelas IV SD No 3 Ambengan sebagai kelompok kontrol. Penentuan kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol menggunakan teknik random sampling. Pengumpulan data hasil belajar Matematika dilakukan dengan metode tes. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial (uji-t). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh bahwa thit(2,111) > ttab(2,021), sehingga H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Jadi, terdapat pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar matematika antara siswa yang belajar menggunakan mind map berbantuan alat peraga tangga garis bilangan dan siswa yang belajar tanpa  menggunakan mind map berbantuan alat peraga tangga garis bilangan pada kelas IV gugus IV Sukasada. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan mind mapping berbantuan alat peraga tangga garis bilangan berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas IV Gugus IV Sukasada Kecamatan Sukasada tahun pelajaran 2017/2018
PENERAPAN METODE TANYA JAWAB BERBANTUAN MEDIA POHON HITUNG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF ANAK KELOMPOK A TK TRISULA SINGARAJA Indrawati, Ni Kadek; Wirya, I Nyoman; Suarjana, Made
Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha Vol 1, No 1 (2013): Juli
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/paud.v1i1.1451

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan kognitif anak dalam menghubungkan konsep bilangan dengan lambang bilangan dengan penerapan metode tanya jawab berbantuan media pohon hitung pada Kelompok A Semester Genap TK TriSula Singaraja. Peningkatan perkembangan kognitif dalam kegiatan menghubungkan konsep bilangan dengan lambang bilangan anak TK pada kelompok A di TK Trisula Singaraja dengan menerapakan metode tanya jawab menggunakan media pohon hitung. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah 15 orang Anak TK pada Kelompok A Semester II Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013. Data penelitian tentang kemampuan kognitif dikumpulkan dengan metode observasi. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis statistik deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kemampuan kognitif dalam menghubungkan konsep bilangan dengan lambang bilangan dengan penerapan metode tanya jawab melalui media pohon hitung. Hasil pada siklus I sebesar 50,65% dengan kategori rendah,  ternyata mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II menjadi 68,65% tergolong pada kategori sedang. Jadi terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa sebesar 18% dalam kemampuan kognitif anak setelah menerapkan metode tanya jawab berbantuan media pohon hitung pada anak kelompok A TK Trisula Singaraja. Kata-kata kunci: metode tanya jawab, media pohon hitung, perkembangan kognitif.   Abstract This study aims to determine the improvement of cognitive ability in group A kindergarten child in kindergarten trident Singaraja by applying the method of question and answer by using the media tree count, increased cognitive development in a number of activities connect concepts with the symbol number in group A kindergarten children in kindergarten Tri Sula Singaraja with applying the answer method using arithmetic tree media. This research is a classroom action research was conducted in two cycles. The subjects were 15 kindergarten children on Group A II Semester Academic Year 2012/2013. Data collected research on cognitive abilities with instruments such as the method of observation with the observation sheet format. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis method and the method kuantitatif.Hasil descriptive analysis showed that an increase in cognitive ability in connecting the concept of numbers with symbol numbers with the application of the method through the media question and answer tree count in the first cycle of 50.65% which is at category is very low, it has increased in the second cycle to 68.65% belong to the category of being. So an increase in student learning outcomes by 18% in a child”s cognitive abilities after implementing media asisted debriefing metode tree count in group A meter Even children in Kingdergarten trident Singaraja   Keywords: method of question and answer, the media tree count, cognitive development
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL SFAE UNTUK PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI DAN SIMULASI MATEMATIKA PADA MAHASISWA PGSD FIP UNDIKSHA Suarjana, Made
Journal of Education Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jet.v4i1.24077

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui kemampuan komunikasi dan simulasi matematika mahasiswa setelah diterapkan pembelajaran model SFAE pada mata kuliah Pendidikan Matematika di Kelas Tinggi dan (2) Kedala-kendala yang dialami mahasiswa dalam penerapan komunikasi dan simulasi matematika dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada mahasiswa semester IV kelas F PGSD FIP Undiksha. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Prodi PGSD FIP Undiksha. Penerapan pembelajaran berbasis SFAE dilakukan setelah mahasiswa mengikuti tes tengah semester (TTS). Hasil tes sebelum penerapan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis SFAE rata-rata 77.20 Setelah diterapkan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis SFAE maka dilakukan tes akhir semester (TAS) diperoleh hasil rata-rata 88.41. Hasil TTS dan TAS menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dari sebelum penerapan perangkat berbasis SFAE dengan setelah penerapan perngkat berbasis SFAE. Hasil komunikasi dan simulasi matematika mahasiswa memperoleh rata-rata 79.32.