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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Reaktor JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA Journal of Nutrition College Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Medical Journal of Indonesia Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Paediatrica Indonesiana GIZI INDONESIA Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan

Mohammad Sulchan

Department Of Nutrition, University Of Diponegoro Medical Faculty

Author-ID : 390969

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Environmental Science Health Professions Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIK KITOSAN DENGAN KOMBINASI ENZIM ENDO-GLUCANASE DAN CELLOBIOHYDROLASE Nur Rokhati; Bambang Pramudono; Titik Istirokhatun; Mohammad Sulchan; Dyah Ayu Kresnianingrum; Luthfi Kurnia Dewi
Reaktor Volume 15 No.4 Oktober 2015
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Abstract CHITOSAN ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS USING A COMBINATION OF ENDO-GLUCANASE AND CELLOBIOHYDROLASE. Chitosan is very promising in various fields including medicine, pharmacology, and the food industry. However, the application of this polysaccharide is limited by its high molecular weight resulting in its low solubility in aqueous media. In this respect, the chitosan with shorter chain length, display a reduced viscosity and are soluble in aqueous media at pH values close to neutrality. The aim of this study is the hydrolysis of chitosan to obtain a low molecular weight chitosan using enzymes endo-glucanase and cellobiohydrolase. The hydrolysis of chitosan was carried out under a temperature of 40° C and pH 5. Chitosan degradation was monitored by the analysis of reducing sugars and viscosity, whereas the chemical characterization of chitosan is done by using test FTIR (infrared spectroscopy). The results showed that enzyme treatment resulted in a substantial loss in viscosity of the chitosan solution shows depolymerization. Depolymerization using endo-glucanase took place very quickly during the initial 15 minutes. The rate of viscosity decrease on chitosan degradation using cellobiohydrolase is lower than using endo-glucanase. When the reaction time was 4 h, the lowest viscosity is showed by cellobiohydrolase, and the highest solubility is showed by combination of endo-glucanase and cellobiohydrolase. Keywords: endo-glucanase; cellobiohydrolase; chitosan; hydrolysis Abstrak Kitosan dapat dimanfaatkan di berbagai bidang seperti kedokteran, farmasi dan industri makanan. Aplikasi kitosan sering dibatasi oleh berat molekul kitosan yang tinggi sehingga viskositasnya tinggi dan kelarutannya rendah. Kitosan dengan rantai polimer pendek, akan mempunyai viskositas rendah, dan mudah larut pada larutan/air dengan pH mendekati netral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghidrolisis kitosan secara enzimatis menggunakan enzim endo-glucanase dan cellobiohydrolase. Hidrolisis kitosan dilakukan pada suhu 40 °C dan pH 5. Degradasi kitosan dipantau melalui analisa gula reduksi dan viskositas, sedangkan karakterisasi kimia kitosan dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji FTIR (infra red spectroscopy). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hidrolisis enzimatis kitosan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan berat molekul yang ditandai dengan adanya penurunan viscositas larutan kitosan. Pada 15 menit awal hidrolisis terjadi penurunan viskositas yang sangat besar. Laju penurunan viskositas enzim cellobiohydrolase lebih rendah dibanding dengan enzime endo-glucanase. Setelah waktu reaksi 4 jam, viskositas terendah diperoleh pada enzime cellobiohydrolase, sedangkan kelarutan tertinggi diperoleh pada kombinasi enzime endo-glucanase dan cellobiohydrolase. Kata kunci: endo-glucanase; cellobiohydrolase; kitosan; hidrolisis

The role of Zinc Intake in Serotonin and Cortisol Level in Patient with Depression Tanjung Ayu Sumekar; Innawati Jusup; Natalia Dewi Wardani; Titis Hadiati; Mohammad Sulchan; Alifiati Fitrikasari
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 8, No 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v1i1.13808

Background: Low zinc levels affects the relationship between the glutamatergic and serotonergic systems in major depressive disorders that cause stress and inflammation. Decreased zinc in the hippocampus can activates the HPA axis associated with an increase in cortisol. Several studies documented the relationship between zinc and clinical depression, however further research including biological measurements is needed to support these studies.Objective: To observe the correlation between zinc intake with serotonin and cortisol serum in patient with depressionMethods: This was an observational study with cross sectional design. Subjects were patients with depression who came to Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Tugurejo Hospital, Diponegoro National Hospital and Permata Medika Hospital met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess daily zinc intake. The levels of serum serotonin and cortisol were measured using ELISA technique.Results: Of the 53 subjects, there was significant correlation between zinc intake with serotonin serum level (p=0,038), however there was no correlation between zinc intake with cortisol serum level (p=0,845)Conclusion: The higher zinc intake the higher serotonin serum level, however there was no correlation between zinc intake with cortisol serum level in patients with depression.

Consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and hypertension in obese children Mohammad Sulchan
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 4 (2014): July 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Obesity has become an increasingly important medicalproblem in children. Obesity-induced hypertension in childhoodshould be considered as a chronic medical condition that is likelyto require long-term management of dietary patterns, especially forenergy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) food consumption.Objective To examine the contribution ofEDNP foods to dailyenergy and macronutrient intakes and to examine the relationshipbetween intake of EDN P foods and the prevalence of hypertensionin children.Methods Four hundred and forty children were randomly selectedto participate. Weight and height were measured with precisionelectronic scales and fixed microtoise, respectively. Blood pressure(BP) measurements were performed by standard procedure. A24-hour dietary recall was obtained by a trained interviewer todetermine the intake of EDNP foods, which were clas sified to 4major groups: visible fat, sweeteners, desserts, or salty snacks.The difference in mean was evaluated using paired Ttest.Logistic models were fitted to assess for an association betweenhypertension and the various characteristics.Results The proportion of children who were overweight (includingobese) was 23 .2%. The prevalence of elevated BP was 10.5%, similarin boys and girls, with most of them having isolated elevated sys to lieBP. There was a relationship between BP and body mass index(BMI) in all children. Approximately 27% of total daily energyintake was contributed by all EDNP foods. Of the EDNP foodsubgroups examined, dessert and sweeteners contributed nearly20% of total daily energy intake. In the highest one-third of subjectswho consumed EDNP food, these foods provided 49% of total dailycarbohydrate intake and 34% of total daily fat intake.Conclusion Eating patterns ofEDNP foods provide 49% of totaldaily carbohydrate intake and 34% of total daily fat intake. ThisEDNP food is independently associated with hypertension inchildren.

Effects of Kedawung Seed Tempeh Flour (Parkia roxburghii G.Don) on Albumin Levels and Hemoglobin Levels in Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) Rats Rimadhani Ulfa; Mohammad Sulchan; Gemala Anjani
Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Vol 7, No 2: June 2022
Publisher : Universitas Aisyah Pringsewu

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a condition of malnutrition where food intake does not provide adequate amounts of energy and protein for growth and development. Clinical signs of PEM include hypoalbuminemia and anemia. Fermentation of kedawung (Parkia Roxburghii G. Don) seeds is an effective process that shows an increase in nutrients and reduces anti-nutrients. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of kedawung seed tempeh flour (Parkia Roxburghii G. Don) on albumin levels and hemoglobin levels in PEM rats. True-experimental randomized pre-post with control group design was used. PEM in rats was induced by a low protein diet. A total of 24 Wistar rats were categorized into normal control group (K-), protein energy malnutrition control group without treatment (K+), kedawung seed tempeh flour (Parkia Roxburghii G. Don) 1,5 gr/100g BW/d group (P1), kedawung seed tempeh flour (Parkia Roxburghii G. Don) 3,0 gr/100g BW/d group (P2) for 28 days. Albumin levels were measured using ELISA, hemoglobin levels with a hematology analyzer. Albumin levels showed a significant difference between groups (p=0.000) and hemoglobin levels showed a significant difference between groups (p=0.001). Kedawung seed tempeh flour (Parkia Roxburghii G. Don) 1,5 gr/100g BW/d for 14 days increased albumin and hemoglobin levels in PEM rats. Abstrak: KEP merupakan kondisi gizi kurang dimana asupan makanan tidak memberikan jumlah energi dan protein yang adekuat untuk pertumbuhan dan pemeliharaan tubuh. Tanda klinis KEP meliputi hipoalbuminemiadan anemia. Fermentasi biji kedawung (Parkia Roxburghii G. Don) merupakan proses efektif yang menunjukkan peningkatan zat gizi dan mengurangi zat antigizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian tepung tempe biji kedawung (Parkia Roxburghii G. Don) terhadap kadar albumin dan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) tikus KEP. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain true-experimental randomized pre-post-test with control group design. Kondisi KEP pada tikus di induksi dengan diet rendah protein. Tikus wistar sebanyak 24 ekor dikelompokkan ke dalam kelompok kontrol normal (K-), kelompok kontrol KEP tanpa perlakuan (K+), kelompok tepung tempe biji kedawung (Parkia Roxburghii G. Don) 1,5 gr/100g BB/hari (P1), dan kelompok tepung tempe biji kedawung (Parkia Roxburghii G. Don) 3gr/100g BB/hari (P2) selama 28 hari. Kadar albumin diukur menggunakan ELISA dan kadar hemoglobin dengan hematology analyzer. Kadar albumin menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok (p=0,000) dan kadar hemoglobin menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok (p= 0,001). Tepung tempe biji kedawung (Parkia Roxburghii G. Don) 1,5 gr/100g BB/hari selama 14 hari meningkatkan kadar albumin dan kadar hemoglobin pada tikus KEP.

Striped catfish oil and turmeric extract reduces inflammation in metabolic syndrome rats Mambaya, Helvi Desi; Muniroh, Muflihatul; Afifah, Diana Nur; Anjani, Gemala; Pramono, Adriyan; Sulchan, Mohammad
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 14, No 2: June 2025
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24984

Metabolic syndrome is a growing global health problem. Long-term treatment for metabolic syndrome causes side effects. Therefore, the use of nutraceuticals could also be considered. This study analyzed the effect of the administration of striped catfish oil and turmeric extract on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in metabolic syndrome rats. Metabolic syndrome was induced in rats by administration of high fat fructose diet (HFFD) containing 3 g pork fat (15%), 2 g duck egg yolk (10%), 15 g standard diet (75%), and 2 ml fructose (1%). Thirty rats were randomized into five groups: C1 (normal control group), C2 (metabolic syndrome control group without treatment), P1 (striped catfish oil at 0.08 ml/200 g BW/day), P2 (turmeric extract at 5.04 mg/kg BW/day), P3 (combination of striped catfish oil at 0.08 ml/200 gBW/day and turmeric extract at 5.04 mg/kg BW/day). There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in TNF-α levels and HOMA-IR in treatment groups (P1, P2, P3) compared to C2. The P3 group had the lowest TNF-α levels. Treatment groups had the same potential effect in reducing HOMA-IR. Striped catfish oil, turmeric extract, and their combination reduce inflammation and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome rats.

Urinary calcium and matrix Gla protein levels in the kidney stones: a case-control study Ali, Zulfikar; Selanno, Fradelino Esau; Gunawan, I Putu Gde Fredy; Sulchan, Mohammad; Birowo, Ponco; Winarni, Tri Indah
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 34 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.oa.257748

BACKGROUND Kidney stones are a global issue with varying prevalence. The most common metabolic risk factor is hypercalciuria, a condition where excess calcium in the urine promotes stone formation. Matrix Gla protein (MGP) inhibits stone formation by preventing crystal growth. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between urinary calcium and MGP levels in kidney stone formation. METHODS A case-control study at Kardinah Hospital, Indonesia, included 64 patients with kidney stone and 64 healthy controls. Exclusion criteria included renal failure, stroke, kidney tumor, heart failure, and hemodialysis. Urinary calcium and MGP were measured using the 5’-nitro-5’-methyl-BAPTA method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cut-off values were determined via receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS Among 128 participants (mean age: 51.6), the optimal cut-off for urinary MGP was 1,405 ng/l (p = 0.00024) with 62.5% sensitivity and 72% specificity. Urinary calcium cut-off was 72.5 mg/24 hours with 81.3% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity. Higher urinary calcium and MGP levels were linked to kidney stones (OR: 7.22; 95% CI: 3.23–16.18 and OR: 4.26; 95% CI: 2.03–8.96, respectively). A significant association was found between urinary calcium and MGP (OR: 5.11; 95% CI: 2.31–11.29, p = 0.00006) that hypercalciuria and increased MGP levels are predictors of kidney stone formation. CONCLUSIONS Urinary calcium and MGP levels are associated with kidney stones. Elevated urinary calcium (>1,405 ng/l) increases MGP levels more than 5-fold. Depending on their levels, urinary calcium and MGP act as both promoters and inhibitors of stone formation.

Exploring rice varietal effects on triglyceride/high density lipoprotein ratio in hyperlipidemia-induced wistar rats Rosmalinda, Yusie; Noer, Etika Ratna; Sulchan, Mohammad; Khikmaturrohman, Sya’bani Isnaen; Ardiaria, Martha; Marsa, Firdaus Shadiqa; Henny, Via Anugrah; Wijayanti, Hartanti Sandi; Panunggal, Binar
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 13, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.13.2.170-181

Background: Excessive intake of white rice has been associated with elevated triglyceride (TG) levels and decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations. Conversely, black and red rice varieties have demonstrated favorable impacts on lipid metabolism. However, despite these benefits, their palatability and texture are often met with aversion by consumers. Consequently, it is imperative to investigate rice blends that are both well-received by individuals and exhibit pronounced efficacy in reducing the TG/HDL ratio.Objective: To investigate the differential effects on the TG/HDL ratio in rats administered different combinations of white, red, and black rice.Methods: This research follows a true experimental design incorporating pre- and post-tests with a control group. Thirty rats were initially fed a hyperlipidemic diet for 14 days. Subsequently, the rats were subjected to interventions involving different rice combinations for a duration of 28 days. These combinations included K(+) (positive control), P1 (100% white rice), P2 (21 g red and 4 g white rice), P3 (16 g black and 4 g white rice), and P4 (8 g black, 8 g red, and 4 g white rice). Triglyceride and HDL levels were quantified using the GPO-PAP and CHOD-PAP methods, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing ANOVA tests followed by LSD post-hoc tests for comparison.Results: Triglycerides decrease in P4 (-51.04±0.72) was the highest, followed by P3 (47.18±0.51), P2 (-34.60±1.07), P1 (-17.03±1, 06). Cholesterol HDL increase in P4 (49.36±1.68) was the highest, followed by P3 (42.71±0.41), P2 (38.09±0.76), P1 (30.64±0.90). The TG/HDL ratio in P1, P2, P3, and P4 were 0.21±0.092, -2.12±0.164, -2.45±0.123, -2.82±0.148, -3.18±0.371, respectively. The rice combination intervention had a significant decreased on the TG/HDL ratio (p=0.000).Conclusion: The intervention involving rice combinations resulted in a greater reduction in the TG/HDL ratio compared to the consumption of white rice alone. Among the various combinations tested, the combination of white, red, and black rice demonstrated the most significant reduction in the triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio.

Co-Authors Adriyan Pramono Agustina L.N. Aminin Alifiati Fitrikasari Anak Agung Gede Sugianthara Anjani, Gemala Ari Yulistianingsih Bambang Pramudono Banundari Rahmawati Binar Panunggal Dewi, Luthfia Diana Nur Afifah, Diana Nur Dyah Ayu Kresnianingrum Etika Ratna Noer Fitriyanti, Addina Rizky Gunawan, I Putu Gde Fredy Hartanti Sandi Wijayanti Henny, Via Anugrah Innawati Jusup Khikmaturrohman, Sya’bani Isnaen Kusmiyati Tjahjono Luthfi Kurnia Dewi Mambaya, Helvi Desi Marsa, Firdaus Shadiqa MARTHA ARDIARIA MG I. Rukmi Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro Muniroh, Muflihatul Natalia Dewi Wardani Nur Rokhati Ponco Birowo Rimadhani Ulfa Rosmalinda, Yusie Rosyida Awalia Safitri Satoto Satoto Selanno, Fradelino Esau Shofa Chasani Sunarti Sunarti Sunarto Sunarto Suparno Suparno Tanjung Ayu Sumekar Taufik Maryusman Titik Istirokhatun Titis Hadiati Tjahjono, Kusmiyati DK Tri Indah Winarni Yusuf Hidayat Zulfikar Ali, Zulfikar

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