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All Journal e-CliniC Jurnal e-Biomedik JURNAL BIOMEDIK Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Majalah Obstetri dan Ginekologi Indonesia) Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Eddy Suparman
Universitas Sam Ratulangi
Aerospace Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health Social Sciences

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PERAN ESTROGEN DAN PROGESTERON TERHADAP KANKER PAYUDARA Suparman, Erna; Suparman, Eddy
JURNAL BIOMEDIK : JBM Vol 6, No 3 (2014): JURNAL BIOMEDIK : JBM
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/jbm.6.3.2014.6319

Abstract

Abstract: Sex steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone are the main compounds in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Due to the Woman’s Health Initiative report 2002, the use of these compounds was controversial. It was reported that these hormones increased the risks of stroke, coronary heart disease, venous thromboembolism, and breast cancer, especially if they were used for a long period of time. The role of sex steroid hormones in inducing or promoting breast malignancy is still not clearly understood. Hypothetically, the polymorphism in receptors and steroidogenesis in breast tissues are involved in promoting the proliferation of breast cells that may trigger carcinogenesis. Although there is a significant benefit in administration of HRT for the menopausal women, there are also probable risks due to this therapy. After prolonged debates and controversies about HRT, it is accepted that there is a significant increase in breast cancers due to the use of combined HRT after 3-4 years. Due to the adverse outcome, the use of hormone therapy must start from the lowest dose and for the shortest period of time.Keywords: hormone replacement therapy, estrogen, progesterone, breast cancerAbstrak: Hormon seks steroid estrogen dan progesteron merupakan kandungan utama dari terapi sulih hormone (TSH). Penggunaan kedua hormon tersebut mendatangkan kontroversi setelah Woman’s Health Initiative pada tahun 2002 melaporkan peningkatan risiko stroke, penyakit jantung koroner, venous thromboembolism dan kanker payudara terutama pada penggunaan jangka panjang. Peran hormon steroid seks dalam meningkatkan keganasan payudara belum jelas dipahami. Secara hipotetik, polimorfisme pada reseptor dan kemampuan steroidogenesis dari jaringan payudara berperan dalam meningkatkan proliferasi sel-sel payudara dan memicu karsinogenesis. Meskipun terdapat keuntungan bermakna dari penggunaan TSH pada wanita menopause, namun terdapat juga kemungkinan risiko yang perlu dipertimbangkan. Setelah melalui berbagai perdebatan dan kontroversi mengenai TSH, disepakati bahwa terdapat peningkatan bermakna dari keganasan payudara setelah 3-4 tahun menggunakan TSH kombinasi. Oleh karena efek samping tersebut maka penggunaan TSH harus dimulai dengan dosis yang serendah mungkin dengan durasi pemakaian yang sesingkat-singkatnya.Kata kunci: terapi sulih hormon, estrogen, progesteron, kanker payudara
Amenorea Sekunder: Tinjauan dan Diagnosis Suparman, Erna; Suparman, Eddy
Jurnal Biomedik : JBM Vol 9, No 3 (2017): JURNAL BIOMEDIK : JBM
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/jbm.9.3.2017.17335

Abstract

Abstract: Secondary amenorrhea occurs when a woman in reproductive age who has experienced menstruation, at a sudden stops menstruating for at least three consecutive months. The basic principle underlying the physiology of menstrual function is composed of multiple organ systems with their appropriate compartments in which the menstrual cycle depends on, as follows: compartment I, disorders of the uterus; compartment II, disorders of the ovary; compartment III, disorders of the anterior pituitary; and compartment IV, disorders of the central nervous system (hypothalamus). Finding the cause of secondary amenorrhoea can be done by doing some tests or trials. Determination of the location of the specific anatomical defect is useful to obtain appropriate treatment according to the cause of amenorrhea.Keywords: secondary amenorrhoeaAbstrak: Dikatakan amenorea sekunder bila seorang wanita usia reproduktif yang pernah mengalami haid, tiba-tiba haidnya berhenti untuk sedikitnya 3 bulan berturut-turut. Prinsip dasar yang mendasari fisiologi dari fungsi menstruasi memungkinkan penyusunan beberapa sistem kompartemen yang tepat di mana siklus menstruasi bergantung, yaitu: kompartemen I gangguan pada uterus, kompartemen II gangguan pada ovarium, kompartemen III gangguan pada hipofisis anterior, dan kompartemen IV gangguan pada sistem saraf pusat (hipotalamus). Gangguan ini sering berhubungan dengan keadaan stres (wanita pengungsi, dipenjara, hidup dalam ketakutan), atlit wanita, atau anoreksia nervosa dan bulimia. Mencari penyebab amenorea dapat diperoleh dengan melakukan beberapa uji atau percobaan. Penentuan lokasi defek anatomis spesifik sangat bermanfaat untuk mendapatkan penanganan yang sesuai dengan penyebab amenore.Kata kunci: amenorea sekunder
Gambaran persalinan letak sungsang di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Putra, Bonatua A.; Suparman, Eddy; Tendean, Hermie M.M.
e-CliniC Vol 4, No 2 (2016): Jurnal e-CliniC (eCl)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ecl.v4i2.12798

Abstract

Abstract: Breech presentation is lengthwise position of fetus in the womb with its head is in the fundus. Causes of breech presentation are unknown, however, there are some risk factors, among others: uterine abnormality, gemelli, easily movable fetus (in multiparous, hidramnion, premature), and head fixation on the pelvic brim is not good enough or no fixation at all (in narrow pelvis, hydrocephalus, or anencephaly cases). This study aimed to obtain the profile of breech delivery. This was a descriptive retrospective study using medical records at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado period January-December 2014. The results showed that of the total 3347 labors, there were 152 cases of breech delivery (2.2%). The highest percentages were as follows: multiparous mothers (64.5%); maternal age >35 years (28.9%); 37-40 weeks of gestation (78.3%); complete breech (66.4%); and perabdominal labor (78.3%). Birth weights were mostly in the range of 2500-3500 grams (65.1%) with Apgar scores 4-6 (61.2%). Keywords: breech delivery. Abstrak: Letak sungsang adalah janin yang letaknya memanjang (membujur) dalam rahim, kepala berada di fundus dan bokong di bawah. Penyebab terjadinya letak sungsang tidak diketahui, tetapi terdapat beberapa faktor risiko antara lain: kelainan uterus, gemeli, janin mudah bergerak (pada multipara, hidramnion, prematur), dan fiksasi kepala pada pintu atas panggul tidak baik atau tidak ada (pada panggul sempit, hidrosefalus, anensefali). Penelitian ni bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran persalinan letak sungsang. Jenis penelitian ialah retrospektif deskriptif melalui rekam medik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari – Desember 2014. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 152 kasus persalinan letak sungsang yaitu sebesar 2,2% dari total 3347 persalinan. Persentase tertinggi ditemukan pada ibu multipara (64,5%); usia ibu >35 tahun (28,9%); usia kehamilan 37-40 minggu (78,3%); complete breech (66,4%); persalinan perabdominal (78,3%). Berat badan lahir bayi letak sungsang terbanyak pada rentang 2500-3500 g (65,1%) dengan nilai apgar terbanyak pada nilai 4-6 (61,2%). Kata kunci: persalinan letak sungsang
Pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi Sirupa, Tirsa A.; Wantania, John J.E.; Suparman, Eddy
e-CliniC Vol 4, No 2 (2016): Jurnal e-CliniC (eCl)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ecl.4.2.2016.14370

Abstract

Abstract: Adolescence is a period of human growth and development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood, from age 10 to 19 years. Reproductive health is a state of physical, mental, and social as a whole, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, but in all aspects related to the reproductive processes, functions and system at all stages of life. This study was aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of adolescents about reproductive health. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design using questionnaire as the instrument. Population were all students at grade XI SMK Negeri 1 Manado and SMK Kristen Getsemani (vocational high schools) Manado. The results showed that of 200 respondents, 182 (91%) had good knowledge and 192 (96%) had good attitude about reproductive health. The adolescence reproductive health behavior indicated a trend in shifts of certain values. Conclusion: Most adolescents had good knowledge and attitudes about reproductive health. Albeit, adolescent sexual behaviors from the low (such as a kiss on the cheek) to the high risk (such as sexual intercourse) had been committed by adolescents in this study.Keywords: Adolescent reproductive health, knowledge, attitudes, behavior. Abstrak: Remaja adalah periode pertumbuhan dan perkembangan manusia yang terjadi setelah masa kanak-kanak dan sebelum dewasa, dari usia 10 sampai 19 tahun. Kesehatan reproduksi adalah suatu keadaan fisik, mental, dan sosial yang utuh, bukan hanya bebas dari penyakit atau kecacatan, tetapi dalam segala aspek yang berhubungan dengan proses reproduksi, fungsi, dan sistem dalam semua tahap kehidupan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang, menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpul data. Populasi penelitian ini idalah seluruh siswa kelas XI di SMK Negeri 1 Manado dan SMK Kristen Getsemani Manado. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 200 responden. Terdadpat 182 responden (91%) memiliki pengetahuan yang baik dan 192 responden (96%) memiliki sikap yang baik tentang kesehatan reproduksi. Perilaku remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi menunjukkan adanya kecenderungan pergeseran nilai-nilai. Simpulan: Sebagian besar remaja memiliki pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik tentang kesehatan reproduksi. Perilaku seksual remaja dari yang tergolong ringan (seperti cium pipi) sampai tergolong berisiko tinggi (seperti hubungan seksual) telah dilakukan oleh remaja dalam penelitian ini. Kata kunci: kesehatan reproduksi remaja, pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku
KEMATIAN PERINATAL DI BLU RSU PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO Tumundo, Mercy; Tendean, Hermie; Suparman, Eddy
eBiomedik Vol 1, No 1 (2013): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.1.1.2013.4585

Abstract

Abstract: Perinatal death is a big problem especially in a developing country. Some of the hospitals in Indonesia have declared that the number of perinatal death in developing countries is higher than in  developed countries. The purpose of this research is to determine the incidence of the factors that affecting perinatal mortality at Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou General Hospital Manado. This research used retrospective descriptive method through medical records of perinatal deaths patients. There were 164 cases of perinatal deaths found where 109 cases still births and 55 cases were early neonatal deaths in 2011, so the number of perinatal mortality rate was 40.17 per mil. The highest number of perinatal death was from multigravide mother, mother with age  ≥ 35 years old, spontaneous parturition. There were unknown caused of still births cases (77,06%) and sepsis in early neonatal deaths. The normal birth weight is also with most include of perinatal deaths. Keywords: still birth, early neonatal death, perinatal deaths, perinatal mortality rate.     Abstrak: Kematian perinatal merupakan masalah besar khususnya di negara sedang berkembang. Beberapa rumah sakit pendidikan di Indonesia melaporkan angka kematian perinatal yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan laporan angka kematian perinatal di negara – negara maju yang jumlahnya rendah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui angka kejadian kematian perinatal serta faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data catatan medik pasien. Hasil penelitian yaitu jumlah kematian perinatal pada tahun 2011 sebanyak 164 kasus dengan 109 kasus lahir mati dan 55 kasus kematian neonatal dini sehingga angka kematian perinatal pada tahun 2011 yaitu 40.17 per mil. Kematian perinatal paling banyak pada ibu multigravida, ibu dengan kelompok usia ≥ 35 tahun, menggunakan jenis persalinan spontan. Pada lahir mati 77.06 % penyebab kematiannya tidak diketahui sedangkan sepsis paling banyak menyebabkan kematian neonatal dini. Berat badan lahir normal juga menjadi salah satu faktor terjadinya kematian perinatal. Kata kunci: lahir mati, kematian neonatal dini, kematian perinatal, angka kematian perinatal.
Peran GnRH agonis Suparman, Erna; Suparman, Eddy
Jurnal Biomedik : JBM Vol 8, No 1 (2016): JURNAL BIOMEDIK : JBM
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/jbm.8.1.2016.12329

Abstract

Abstract: Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonists have a higher biological potential than endogenous GnRH. Administration of a GnRH agonist triggers FSH and LH secretion from the pituitary (flare-up effect), however, after several days pituitary sensitivity continues to decrease which causes decreases of LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone (down-regulation). Preoperative administration of GnRH agonists is recommended in uterine fibroid with severe anemia to reduce blood loss before, during, and after surgery. Due to shrinking of fibroid, laparoscopy or laparotomy with Pfannenstiel incision can be performed. Moreover, myomectomy will not require extensive incision, damaged myometrium and adhesion are minimum, therefore, those conditions will increase the success of fertility; facilitate the removal of submucosal fibroid with histeroscopy; and enable the vaginal hysterectomy more easily. In patients with polycystic ovarial syndrome, GnRH agonists will suppress the high levels of LH and testosterone. GnRH agonists halt the growth and reduce the size of an endometriosis, therefore, they can be used in patients with precocious puberty and premenstrual syndrome. The combination of exogenous gonadotropin plus a GnRH agonist used in vitro fertilization is associated with increased pregnancy rate as compared with the use of gonadotropins without a GnRH agonist. The administration of GnRH agonists trigger hypoestrogen that causes osteoporosis and other complaints such as hot flushes, vaginal dryness, headache, and sleep disturbance. GnRH agonists can be combined with low-dose estrogen and progestin (add-back therapy) to reduce these side effects. Addback provision of therapy is started 12 weeks after administration of GnRH agonists.Keywords: GnRH agonist, exogenous gonadotropinAbstrak: GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone) agonis memiliki potensi biologis yang lebih tinggi daripada GnRH endogen. Permulaan pemberian GnRH agonis memicu pengeluaran FSH dan LH dari hipofisis (flare-up effect). Setelah beberapa hari sensitivitas hipofisis terhadap rangsangan GnRH agonis terus berkurang yang menyebabkan penurunan LH, FSH, estrogen, dan progesteron (down regulation). Pemberian GnRH agonis preoperatif dianjurkan pada mioma uteri dengan anemia berat untuk mengurangi kehilangan darah sebelum, selama dan setelah operasi. Dengan mengecilnya mioma maka dapat dilakukan tindakan laparoskopi atau laparatomi dengan insisi Pfannenstiel, juga saat miomektomi tidak diperlukan insisi luas, kerusakan miometrium dan perlekatan menjadi minimal sehingga akan meningkatkan keberhasilan fertilitas; mempermudah pengangkatan mioma submukosum dengan histeroskopi; dan mempermudah melakukan vaginal histerektomi. GnRH agonis pada pasien sindroma ovarium polikistik akan menekan tingginya kadar LH dan produksi testosteron. GnRH agonis menghentikan pertumbuhan dan mengurangi ukuran endometriosis, selain itu GnRH agonis dapat digunakan pada pasien dengan pubertas prekok dan sindroma premenstrual. Pada fertilisasi in vitro penggunaan kombinasi gonadotropin eksogen ditambah GnRH agonis berhubungan dengan peningkatan keberhasilan kehamilan dibandingkan dengan penggunaan gonadotropin tanpa GnRH agonis. Pemberian GnRH agonis memicu keadaan hipoestrogen yang menyebabkan osteoporosis dan keluhan lain seperti hot flushes, vagina yang kering, sakit kepala, dan gangguan tidur. GnRH agonis dapat dikombinasi dengan estrogen dosis rendah dan progestin (add-back therapy) untuk mengurangi efek samping tersebut. Pemberian addback therapy ini dimulai 12 minggu setelah pemberian GnRH agonis.Kata kunci: GnRH agonis, gonadotropin eksogen
Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Hamil dalam Pencegahan Anemia pada Kehamilan di Indonesia Devi, Delviana; Lumentut, Anastasia M.; Suparman, Eddy
e-CliniC Vol 9, No 1 (2021): e-CliniC
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ecl.v9i1.32415

Abstract

Abstract: The level of knowledge and behavior of pregnant women regarding anemia during pregnancy affects how they maintain their pregnancies, therefore, the occurrence of anemia during pregnancy can be prevented. This study was aimed to obtain the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women in preventing anemia in pregnancy in Indonesia. This was a literature review study by using four databases, as follows: Pubmed, ClinicalKey, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Keywords used were anemia AND pregnant woman AND knowledge OR attitude AND Indonesia in Pubmed, ClinicalKey, and ScienceDirect; and anemia AND pregnant women AND knowledge AND attitudes in Google Scholar. There were 11 literatures selected in this study. According to the knowledge of pregnant women about anemia, five literatures showed that the majority of pregnant women had sufficient knowledge, the other four literatures showed poor knowledge, while good knowledge was obtained in two literatures. According to attitude, seven studies got positive attitudes, three studies got negative attitudes, and one study got the same number of positive and negative attitudes. In conclusion, the majority of pregnant women in several regions in Indonesia have sufficient knowledge about anemia and its prevention, and have a positive attitude towards anemia prevention in pregnancy.Keywords: knowledge, attitudes, pregnant women, anemia. Abstrak: Tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu hamil mengenai anemia saat kehamilan berpengaruh terhadap cara ibu hamil menjaga kehamilannya sehingga dapat membantu dalam mencegah anemia selama kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil dalam pencegahan anemia pada kehamilan di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review dengan pencarian literatur menggunakan empat database yaitu Pubmed, ClinicalKey, ScienceDirect dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu anemia AND pregnant woman AND knowledge OR attitude AND Indonesia pada Pubmed, ClinicalKey, dan ScienceDirect, dan menggunakan kata kunci anemia AND ibu hamil AND pengetahuan AND sikap pada Google Scholar. Hasil seleksi mendapatkan 11 literatur yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa menurut pengetahuan ibu hamil mengenai anemia, lima penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas ibu hamil memiliki pengetahuan cukup, empat literatur lainnya menunjukkan hasil pengetahuan buruk, sedangkan hasil pengetahuan baik didapatkan pada dua penelitian. Menurut sikap, tujuh penelitian mendapat hasil sikap positif, tiga penelitian mendapat hasil sikap negatif, dan satu penelitian mendapat hasil yang sama banyak untuk positif dan negatif. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah mayoritas ibu hamil di beberapa daerah di Indonesia memiliki pengetahuan cukup mengenai anemia dan pencegahan, serta memiliki sikap positif terhadap pencegahan anemia pada kehamilan.Kata kunci: pengetahuan, sikap, ibu hamil, anemia
Gambaran Premenstrual Syndrome pada Remaja Periode Akhir di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Lumingkewas, Charisma; Suparman, Eddy; Mongan, Suzanna P.
e-CliniC Vol 9, No 1 (2021): e-CliniC
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ecl.9.1.2021.31855

Abstract

Abstract: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the most common untreated disorder and a public health problem among women of reproductive age, which adversely affects mental well-being, quality of life, and academic achievement. This study was aimed to determine the premenstrual syndrome signs and symptoms most experienced by late adolescents. This was a descriptive and survey study using questionnaire distributed through google form to 142 female students from first and third semester of Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University academic year 2020/2021. The results showed that the most common type of PMS symptoms was psychological symptoms found in 136 respondents (95.8%); the most common behavioral symptom was fatigue in 93 respondents (65.5%), the most common physical symptom was acne in 122 respondents (85.9%); and the most psychological symptom was mood swing in 125 respondents (88%). In conclusion, the most common premenstrual syndrome symptom found in late adolescent at the Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University according to the type of symptom was psychological symptom.Keywords: premenstrual syndrome, adolescent Abstrak: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) merupakan kelainan umum yang tidak diobati dan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di kalangan wanita usia reproduksi, yang berdampak buruk pada kesejahteraan mental, kualitas hidup dan prestasi akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanda dan gejala PMS yang paling banyak dialami remaja periode akhir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei deskriptif dengan alat kuesioner yang dibagikan melalui google form pada 142 mahasiswi semester 1 dan 3 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan jenis gejala PMS yang paling banyak dialami ialah gejala psikologis pada 136 responden (95,8%), gejala perilaku yang paling banyak dialami ialah kelelahan pada 93 responden (65,5%), gejala fisik yang paling banyak dialami ialah muncul jerawat pada 122 responden (85,9), dan gejala psikologis yang paling banyak dialami ialah mood swing pada 125 responden (88%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah gambaran PMS pada remaja periode akhir di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi yang paling banyak dialami menurut jenis gejala ialah gejala psikologis.Kata kunci: premenstrual syndrome, remaja 
Relationship of 25 Hydroxyvitamin D Levels with C-Telopeptide Levels in Perimenopausal Women Sumarlin, T.; Suparman, Eddy; M. M. Tendean , Hermie
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 5 No. 9 (2025): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v5i9.52205

Abstract

Osteoporosis represents a significant global health challenge, particularly affecting perimenopausal women who experience accelerated bone loss due to declining estrogen levels. The relationship between vitamin D status and bone turnover markers during this critical transition period requires further investigation to optimize preventive strategies. This study [A1] aims to examine the relationship between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and C-Telopeptide (CTx) levels in perimenopausal women in Manado. Vitamin D has an important role in maintaining bone health, and its deficiency can have an impact on a variety of health problems. This cross-sectional study involved 30 participants from Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital and network hospitals in Manado. The results showed that 50% of the respondents had sufficient levels of 25(OH)D, while the remaining 50% were in the deficient category. The average level of 25(OH)D was 30.30 ng/mL. For CTx, 60% of respondents were at high risk and the remaining 40% were at low risk, with an average of 0.67 ng/mL. However, a non-parametric correlation test (Spearman's rho) between 25(OH)D and CTx showed statistically insignificant results (r=0.024; p=0.902). Therefore, this study concluded that there was no statistically significant relationship between 25(OH)D and CTx levels in perimenopausal women in the sample studied.
Co-Authors Anster Saerang Aprilia Fransiska Lantu, Aprilia Fransiska Bonatua A. Putra, Bonatua A. Devi, Delviana Erna Suparman Fardila Hinelo Florence T. U. Latuharhary Freddy Kujangke Freddy W. Wagey Freddy Wagey Hasan, Rudy Hermie M. M. Tendean Hermie M. Tendean, Hermie M. Hermie M.M. Tendean, Hermie M.M. Hermie Tendean Hermmie M.M. Tendean Husain, Widia R. Jhon Wantania John J.E. Wantania, John J.E. John Wantania Judita Paat, Judita Kaeng, Junneke J Kumaat, Toar A Lidya Kusumawati Lilis Pratiwi Limy, Ivan Loho, Maria F T Lumentut, Anastasia M. Lumentut, Anatasia M Lumingkewas, Charisma M. M. Tendean , Hermie Mamengko, Linda M Maria Loho Mercy Tumundo Mongan, Suzanna P. Muchlis Syahputra, Muchlis Najoan N Warouw Ondang, Marnie Ch. Pratiwi, Renny Prisilia D. D. Sumoked, Prisilia D. D. R. Sapto Hendri Boedi Soesatyo Raymond Rarung Rien A. Hutabarat, Rien A. Rudy A Lengkong Rudy A. Lengkong Rumopa, Harold Septa Ayu Bungasari Sirupa, Tirsa A. Siva Oroh, Siva Sumarlin, T. T. H. M. Londok Tazy A. Mashanafi, Tazy A. Utomo, Bram M Vanda Rondonuwu Vidi Y. Y. Pontoh, Vidi Y. Y. Winarto, Abraham Winarto, Abraham Yudit Yunita Garedja