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Journal : International Journal of Electronics and Communications Systems

Exploration of Data Handling Techniques to Improve PM2.5 Prediction Using Machine Learning Unik, Mitra; Sitanggang, Imas Sukaesih; Syaufina, Lailan; Jaya, I Nengah Surati
International Journal of Electronics and Communications Systems Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Electronics and Communications System
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/ijecs.v5i1.25687

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM₂.₅) is one of the most dangerous air pollutants because it can penetrate the respiratory system and cause serious health problems. Amidst the limitations of a real-time and comprehensive air quality monitoring system, a data-driven predictive approach is needed that can accurately project PM₂.₅ concentrations. This study aims to develop a PM₂ concentration prediction model using the Random Forest Regressor (RFR) algorithm optimised through a series of data pre-processing techniques. The pre-processing techniques include outlier detection with four methods (Isolation Forest, Autoencoder ANN, OCSVM, IQR) and missing value handling using three approaches (Spline Cubic Interpolation, Nearest Point Interpolation, Data Removal). The daily data used covered 12 environmental variables (including rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, AOD, and NDVI) from the period of March 2022 to March 2023, with PM₂.₅ as the target. The RFR model was built with 100 decision trees and 10-fold cross-validation to improve accuracy. Results showed the combination of IQR (outlier detection) and data deletion (missing values) produced the best performance with RMSE 0.082, MAE 0.027, and R² 0.886. The most influential variables were temperature (TEMP), relative humidity (RHU), and evapotranspiration (ET). This research contributes to the development of an accurate air quality prediction model, supporting the mitigation of PM₂.₅ pollution impacts on public health
Co-Authors Agus Buono Agus Siswono Agus Siswono Ahmad Ainuddin Nuruddin Aisyah Anggraini Albar, Israr Andi Gunawan Andini Tribuana Tunggadewi, Andini Tribuana Anggie Yohanna Mandalahi Anissa Rezainy Anita Zaitunah Annisa Puspa Kirana Arzyana Sunkar Asri Buliyansih Atfi Indriany Putri Atfi Indriany Putri Ati Dwi Nurhayati Awal, Elsa Elvira Bahruni . Bambang Hero Saharjo Boedi Tjahjono Chandrasa E Sjamsudin Denni Prasetia Diah Zuhriana Didik Suharjito Dinda Aisyah Fadhillah Hafni Drucella Benala Dyahati Eduardo Fernando Martins de Carvalho Eka Intan Kumala Putri Eko Heriyanto Entin Kartini Erfan Noor Yulian Erianto Indra Putra Fakhri Sukma Afina Firman Ardiansyah Fransisxo GS Tambunan Gatot Setiawan Gatot Setiawana Gusti Zainal Anshari Hariyadi Hendra Rahmawan Hendra Rahmawan I Nengah Surati Jaya Iin Ichwandi Imam Suyodono Imas Sukaesih Sitanggang Indah Prasasti Indah Prasasti Irdika Mansur Istomo . Jamaluddin Basharuddin James Thomas Erbaugh Jumani Jumani Khaira, Ulfa Khairia Nafia Khulfi M Khalwani Komarsa Gandasasmita Krisnanto, Ferdian Kurniawati Purwaka Putri Lai Food See LILIK BUDIPRASETYO M. Syamsul Maarif M. Taufan Tirkaamiana M. Taufan Tirkaamiana Meti Ekayani Mirzha Hanifah Mochamad Asep Maksum Mohid Rashid Mohd Yusof Muhammad Ardiansyah Muhammad Hawari Azka Muhammad Hudzaifah Rihuljihad Muhammad Ikhsan Muhammad Imam Nugraha Muhammad Nur Aidi Nadhifah, Putri Addini Arsya Nalar Istiqomah Nining Puspaningsih Noor Farikhah Haneda Nova Puspitasari Nuniek Sutanti Nurheni Wijayanto Prima Trie Wijaya Purwanti , Endang Yuni Purwanti, Endang Yuni Putri Thariqa Rinenggo Siwi Rizaldi Boer Rizki, Yoze Samsuri Samsuri, Samsuri Sandhi Imam Maulana Satyawan, Verda Emmelinda Sigit Purwanto Sitanggang, Imas S. Siti Badriyah Rushayati Sobri Effendy Sofia Fitriana Sri Mulatsih Sugiarto, Dwi Putro Supriyadi, Andi Supriyanto Supriyanto Suryawan Ramadhan Syaiful Anwar Taihuttu, Helda Yunita Titik Ernawati Tri Tiana Ahmadi Putri Trisminingsih, Rina Unik, Mitra Vera Linda Purba Wahida Annisa Wardana Wardana Widiatmaka Wiwin Ambarwulan WULANDARI Yenni Vetrita Yuli Sunarti Zuliar Efendi