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BIOTECHNOLOGY OF PRODIGIOSIN: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES Gunardi, Wani Devita; Margaretha; Timotius, Kris Herawan
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : BRIN - Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jbbi.2023.2010

Background: Prodigiosin is produced by Serratia marcescens. It has several pharmacological benefits, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antidaibetic. However, prodigiosin production still faces problems because it cannot be produced effectively, efficiently, and cheaply. Objective: This study aimed to conduct a review that can explain the upstream and the downstream process in prodigiosin production. Methods: Articles were searched from PubMed and ScienceDirect with the keywords prodigiosin and Serratia marcescens from Juny until September 2023 including review and original article. Relevant data and information were then extracted. Results: Prodigiosin has spectrometrical characteristics, which are crucial for evaluating its production, extraction, and purification identification. Submerged or solid-state fermentation is applicable for prodigiosin production, but solid-state fermentation is better. The kind of growing substrates and the cultural condition influence it. The use of oil-based carbon sources is recommended for the high productivity of prodigiosin. In order to have a cheap, effective, and efficient production process, different experiments have been conducted. Standard extraction and purification methods can carry out the downstream process. Conclusion: Prodigiosin can be produced via submerged or solid-state fermentation. Using cheap and readily available substrate are the key to success for the upstream and downstream process. The standard extraction and purification methods are available.This findings can be used as a basis for further research regarding large-scale production of prodigiosin with the cheap, effective, and efficient methode.

MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF JAMU BERAS KENCUR Gunardi, Wani Devita; Teiseran, Virginia Marsella; Timotius, Kris Herawan
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : BRIN - Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jbbi.2024.5966

Background: Jamu Beras Kencur (JBK) is recognized as an herbal medicine, containing two main components: the rhizome of Kaempferia galanga and rice. While previous research has identified bioactive compounds in galangal rhizomes, such as Ethyl p-Methoxycinnamate (EPMC), Ethyl-cinnamate, and Kaempferol, there are few reports on polar or aqueous compounds in JBK. LC-MS/MS and GC-MS enable comprehensive analysis of bioactive compounds, with LC-MS/MS detecting non-volatile, polar, and thermally sensitive compounds like flavonoids and glycosides, while GC-MS analyzes volatile and semi-volatile compounds, such as terpenoids, providing precise separation and identification. Therefore, this study were to know the amount and the growth of contaminant bacteria, yeast and mold; to determine the main bioactive compounds in JBK; and to determine the bioactive compound in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of rhizome that analysed with LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. Methode: JBK samples were sourced from local producers in West Jakarta, freshly prepared, and immediately analyzed for microbial contamination and bioactive compounds. Result: The analysis revealed microbial contamination in JBK, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Coliform, yeast, and mold. Additionally, three novel flavonoid glycosides were identified: Chrysoeriol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, Patuletin-7-O-[6′′-(2-methylbutyryl)]-glucoside, and Acacetin-7-galactoside. Conclusion: Therefore, from the pharmacological perspective, JBK has the potentials as a healthy herbal drink. However, further preclinical and clinical studies are essential to validate its safety and efficacy for clinical use, which could pave the way for its integration into mainstream healthcare as a natural therapeutic option.

VIOLACEIN: IT'S ANTICANCER PROPERTIES Santoso, Adit Widodo; Simamora, Adelina; Margretha, Margretha; Timotius, Kris Herawan
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : BRIN - Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jbbi.2025.11333

Violacein is a bacterial secondary product with various bioactivities, including anticancer activities. This narrative review aimed to evaluate anticancer potentials based on its modes of action, either at cellular, subcellular, or molecular levels or in tumour microenvironment. At cellular level, violacein can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle, induce apoptosis, autophagy, and cell differentiation. At subcellular level, violacein can modulate processes in mitochondria. At molecular level, violacein can generate reactive oxygen species, attenuate inflammation, repair oncogenes, upregulate suppression genes, inhibit or activate several cancer vital enzymes, and control various signalling pathways. Violacein indirectly influences communication between cancer cells and their tumour microenvironment by inducing apoptosis and autophagy and inhibiting metalloproteinases and angiogenesis. Violacein inactivates several signalling pathways, including MAPK, Akt/NF-kB, JAK2/STAT3, and TGFβ, which are essential for cancer cell development. Violacein is a promising anticancer drug candidate with broad coverage of various cancer diseases and diverse modes of action.

VIOLACEIN: IT'S ANTICANCER PROPERTIES Santoso, Adit Widodo; Simamora, Adelina; Margretha, Margretha; Timotius, Kris Herawan
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : BRIN - Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jbbi.2025.11333

Violacein is a bacterial secondary product with various bioactivities, including anticancer activities. This narrative review aimed to evaluate anticancer potentials based on its modes of action, either at cellular, subcellular, or molecular levels or in tumour microenvironment. At cellular level, violacein can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle, induce apoptosis, autophagy, and cell differentiation. At subcellular level, violacein can modulate processes in mitochondria. At molecular level, violacein can generate reactive oxygen species, attenuate inflammation, repair oncogenes, upregulate suppression genes, inhibit or activate several cancer vital enzymes, and control various signalling pathways. Violacein indirectly influences communication between cancer cells and their tumour microenvironment by inducing apoptosis and autophagy and inhibiting metalloproteinases and angiogenesis. Violacein inactivates several signalling pathways, including MAPK, Akt/NF-kB, JAK2/STAT3, and TGFβ, which are essential for cancer cell development. Violacein is a promising anticancer drug candidate with broad coverage of various cancer diseases and diverse modes of action.

In silico study of the bioactive compounds in Peronema canescens Jack (Sungkai) leaf infusion targeting VEGFR-2: Insights into anticancer potential rahayu, Ika; Sudrajat, Susana Elya; Timotius, Kris Herawan
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 16, No 3, (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol16.Iss3.art6

Background: Peronema canescens Jack, commonly known as sungkai, is a medicinal plant traditionally consumed as a herbal infusion. It has demonstrated potential anticancer properties attributed to its bioactive constituents, particularly clerodane-type diterpenoids known as peronemins. The anticancer potential of these compounds can be preliminarily explored using in silico approaches. Of particular interest are the reported the cytotoxic effects of sungkai leaves against cancer cell lines and their interactions with angiogenesis-related targets, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). VEGFR-2 is a critical tyrosine kinase receptor that regulates angiogenesisa and Its aberrant activation contributes to tumor growth and metastasis. Consequently, VEGFR-2 represents a well-established target for anticancer therapy development. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the bioactive compounds present in sungkai leaf infusion using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and to predict their interactions with VEGFR-2 through in silico molecular docking analysis. Methods: Phytochemical profiling of the leaf infusion was conducted using LC-MS. Molecular docking was performed using PyRx 0.8 integrated with AutoDock Vina to assess ligand-protein interactions between selected compounds and VEGFR-2 (PDB ID: 2QU5). The resulting interactions were visualized using Discovery Studio.Results: LC-MS analysis identified ten major compounds in the leaf infusion, consisting of one alkaloid (gentiatibetine) and nine flavonoids. Molecular docking analysis revealed that genkwanin and acacetin-7-galactoside exhibited strong binding affinities toward VEGFR-2 (−9.6 and −9.2 kcal/mol, respectively), approaching that of the referencesorafenib (−11.2 kcal/mol). Both compounds interacted with key catalytic residues, suggesting their potential to inhibit VEGFR-2 by stabilizing its inactive conformation.Conclusion: This study provides the first to report that sungkai leaf infusion is rich in flavonoid compounds two of which exhibit strong anti-VEGFR-2 activity. These findings suggest the potential of sungkai leaf infusion as a natural anticancer agent and support the needfor further in vitro and in vivo validation.

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