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The Effect of Ethanol Extract from Mangosteen Pericarps towards Parasitemia in Plasmodium berghei-Inoculated Mice Marito, Debora R.; Tjahjani, Susy; Khiong, Khie
Journal of Medicine and Health Vol 1, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Maranatha Christian University

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Mangosteen pericarps contains fenolic antioxidant, such as xanthone that acts as free radical scavenging substances and preventing heme polymerization. In this research we evaluated the effect of ethanolic extract of mangosteen pericarps on the parasitemia in Plasmodium berghei-inoculated mice and compared its antimalarial activity with artemisinin monotherapy in reducing the parasitemia in Plasmodium berghei-inoculated mice. Deutschland Denken Yoken (DDY) Â mice were randomly divided into 5 groups and inoculated by Plasmodium berghei and given 0.1 mL aquadest (KN), 0.1 mg of artemisinin (KP), 2.5 mg (E1), 0.5 mg (E2) and 0,1 mg (E3) of ethanolic extract from mangosteen pericarps in 0.1 mL aquadest in 3 days. The parasitemia was observed on one day before the treatment, namely on the first day and on the day after the last treatment. We found a highly significant decrease highly significant decrease of the parasitemia in each treatment group compared to the Negative Control group (p < 0.01), and the decrease of parasitemia level in E1 group is similar to the artemisinin monotherapy group (p < 0.05).Â Â Keywords: ethanol extract of mangosteen pericarps, artemisinin, Plasmodium berghei, malaria

Phytochemical assay, potential of antimalarial and antioxidant activities of green tea extract and its fractions Fanny Rahardja; Rita Tjokropranoto; Wahyu Widowati; Siska Lusiana; Adrian Suhendra; Susy Tjahjani; Iwan Budiman; Maesaroh Maesaroh; Nurul Fauziah
Biomedical Engineering Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Biomedical Engineering

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Objective : The research objective was to evaluate the phytochemical compounds, the antioxidant and anti-malarial activity of green tea extract and its fraction. Methods: The antioxidant activity were measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity used in vitro laboratories prospective experimental design and completely randomized design, using ethanol extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol fraction, and water fraction ofgreen tea in 7 levels of concentration compared to epicatechin (EC). The data were analyzed using linear regression analysis, and were continued by determined Inhibitory Concentration). The anti-malarial activity of green tea fractions were compared to artemisinin. The data were analyzed using probit analysis, and were continued by determined IC. Results: The results showed that the highest antioxidant activity (IC50) was the fraction of ethyl acetate 2,184 µg/ml. The anti-malarial activity IC50 50 of water and ethyl acetate fraction, ethanol extract and butanol fraction were 0,000090 µg/mL,0,003 µg/mL, 0,006 µg/mL, 0,011 µg/ml respectively.Conclusion: Extract and fractions of green tea have potential anti-malarial and antioxidant properties. Key Words: antioxidant; anti-malarial; green tea; free radicals

Lavender Flower/Mandarin Orange Peel Essential Oil-Soybean Oil to Repel Culex sp. Susy Tjahjani; Hanan Aulalia; Genevieve Annishaningrat Zailani
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 8, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Diseases including Japanese encephalitis and filariasis can be transmitted to humans by Culex sp. Many methods could be applied to prevent their bites from reducing their population or preventing them from their bites. N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) has been widely used as an effective synthetic repellent, but DEET needs to be applied carefully, especially for children. Other repellents based on natural origin, i.e., Lavandula angustifolia D.C. (lavender) flower and Citrus reticulate L. (mandarin orange) peel essential oil and their combination with soybean oil, were studied in Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung on July–August 2018, for their repellent duration against female Culex sp. to find out the optimal formula. It is a simple randomized design with four replications and seven treatments, i.e., negative control, DEET, pure essential oil, pure soybean oil, three kinds of combination of essential oil and soybean oil in various ratios. The study was carried out using the arm in the cage method against four human arms, following Fradin and Day. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, continued with Tukey HSD with α=0.05. The result shows that DEET has the longest duration (p=0.000), the combination of each essential oil with soybean oil in 1:2 ratio had longer duration than the pure essential oil (p=0.000), soybean oil (p=0.000), and other combination ratios (p=0.000). It was concluded that a mixture of L. angustifolia D.C. flower/C. reticulata L. peel essential oil with soybean oil in a certain ratio was the ideal preparation to repel Culex sp. CAMPURAN MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA LAVENDER/KULIT JERUK MANDARIN-MINYAK KEDELAI UNTUK MENOLAK CULEX SP.Beberapa penyakit termasuk Japanese encephalitis dan filariasis dapat ditransmisikan ke manusia melalui gigitan nyamuk Culex sp. Banyak cara dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah gigitan nyamuk ini, baik dengan mengurangi populasinya atau mencegah gigitannya. N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) telah digunakan secara luas sebagai repellent sintetik yang efektif, tetapi pemakaian DEET harus dilakukan dengan hati-hati khususnya pada anak. Repellent lain yang berasal dari alam, yaitu minyak esensial bunga Lavandula angustifolia D.C. (lavender) dan kulit buah Citrus reticulate L., serta campurannya dengan minyak kedelai telah diuji durasi proteksi terhadap Culex sp. betina sehingga diperoleh formula repellent yang optimal. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Parasitologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung pada Juli–Agustus 2018 dan menggunakan desain simple randomized dengan empat replikasi dan tujuh perlakuan, yaitu kontrol negatif, DEET, minyak esensial murni, minyak kedelai murni, dan tiga macam rasio campuran minyak esensial dengan minyak kedelai. Pengujian menggunakan metode lengan dalam kandang menurut Fradin dan Day dengan empat lengan sebagai empat replikasi. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA, dilanjutkan Tukey HSD dengan α=0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa DEET memiliki durasi proteksi paling lama (p=0,000), durasi proteksi kombinasi minyak esensial dengan minyak kedelai rasio 1:2 lebih panjang dibanding dengan minyak esensial murni (p=0.000), minyak kedelai (p=0.000), dan rasio kombinasi lainnya (p=0.000). Simpulan, rasio tertentu campuran minyak esensial bunga L. angustifolia D.C./kulit buah C. reticulata L. dengan minyak kedelai merupakan sediaan ideal untuk menolak Culex sp.

Efek Larvasida Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) terhadap Larva Nyamuk Culex sp. Regina Putri; Teresa Liliana Wargasetia; Susy Tjahjani
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 5, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Salah satu cara pemberantasan nyamuk Culex yang merupakan vektor beberapa penyakit antara lain filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, dan West Nile virus ialah dengan larvasida. Larvasida berbahan kimia (temephos) memiliki efek samping berbahaya bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu, dilakukan penelitian penggunaan daun pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) sebagai larvasida alami. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol daun pandan wangi memiliki efek larvasida alami terhadap larva Culex sp. Penelitian dilakukan di Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Kristen Maranatha pada Februari–Juli 2016. Desain penelitian bersifat eksperimental laboratorik dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap. Efek larvasida ekstrak daun pandan wangi (EDPW) diuji terhadap 6 kelompok perlakuan (n=30, r=4) larva Culex sp. Kelompok I (EDPW 4%), II (EDPW 2%), III (EDPW 1%), IV (EDPW 0,5%), V (temephos sebagai kontrol positif), dan VI (akuades sebagai kontrol negatif). Data yang diambil ialah jumlah larva mati setelah pemberian bahan uji selama 24 jam. Analisis data dengan ANAVA dan uji Tukey HSD dengan nilai α=0,01. Hasil penelitian berupa persentase larva mati pada kelompok I (96,67%), II (79,17%), III (50%), dan IV (17,5%) menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p≤0,01) terhadap kelompok VI (1,67%). Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p>0,01) antara kelompok I dan V (100%). Simpulan, EDPW berefek sebagai larvasida terhadap larva nyamuk Culex sp dan EDPW 4% memiliki potensi setara dengan temephos.LARVICIDE EFFECT OF FRAGNANT PANDAN LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACT (PANDANUS AMARYLLIFOLIUS ROXB.) AGAINTS CULEX SP. MOSQUITO LARVAEOne way to eradicate Culex mosquitoes that are vector for several diseases such as filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and West Nile virus is with larvicide. Larvicide made from chemical (temephos) have harmful side effects to health and environment. Therefore research of fragnant pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) as natural larvicide was conducted. This study aims to find out whether fragnant pandan leaves ethanol extract has natural larvicide effect against Culex sp. larvae. The study was conducted at Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University in February to July 2016. This study design was laboratoric experimental with complete randomized design. Larvicidal effect of fragnant pandan leaves extract (FPLE) was tested against 6 groups (n=30, r=4) Culex larvae. Group I (FPLE 4%), II (FPLE 2%), III (FPLE 1%), IV (0,5%), V (temephos as a positive control), and VI (aquadest as a negative control). The taken data was the number of larvae that died after administration of the substance for 24 hours. Data was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD test using α=0,01. The results of the study were the percentage of dead larvae in group I (96,67%), II (79,17%), III (50%), and IV (17,5%) showed a significant difference (p≤0,01) to group VI (1,67%). There were no significant difference (p>0,01) between group I and group V (100%). The conclusion of this study is there was an effect of FPLE as larvicide against Culex mosquito larvae and FPLE 4% had equivalent potential to temephos.

The Effect of Ethanol Extract from Mangosteen Pericarps towards Parasitemia in Plasmodium berghei-Inoculated Mice Debora R. Marito; Susy Tjahjani; Khie Khiong
Journal of Medicine and Health Vol. 1 No. 4 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Kristen Maranatha

Mangosteen pericarps contains fenolic antioxidant, such as xanthone that acts as free radical scavenging substances and preventing heme polymerization. In this research we evaluated the effect of ethanolic extract of mangosteen pericarps on the parasitemia in Plasmodium berghei-inoculated mice and compared its antimalarial activity with artemisinin monotherapy in reducing the parasitemia in Plasmodium berghei-inoculated mice. Deutschland Denken Yoken (DDY) Â mice were randomly divided into 5 groups and inoculated by Plasmodium berghei and given 0.1 mL aquadest (KN), 0.1 mg of artemisinin (KP), 2.5 mg (E1), 0.5 mg (E2) and 0,1 mg (E3) of ethanolic extract from mangosteen pericarps in 0.1 mL aquadest in 3 days. The parasitemia was observed on one day before the treatment, namely on the first day and on the day after the last treatment. We found a highly significant decrease highly significant decrease of the parasitemia in each treatment group compared to the Negative Control group (p < 0.01), and the decrease of parasitemia level in E1 group is similar to the artemisinin monotherapy group (p < 0.05).Â Â Keywords: ethanol extract of mangosteen pericarps, artemisinin, Plasmodium berghei, malaria

ALPHA-MANGOSTIN POTENCY TO IMPROVE RENAL FUNCTION AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL IMAGES IN HIGH-FAT DIET RATS Liana, Laela Kinghua; Naufal, Gusti Azri; Tjahjani, Susy
Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan : Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya Vol. 11 No. 3 (2024): Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan : Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Univers
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/jkk.v11i3.450

This study aimed to study whether alpha-mangostin could protect the kidneys of high-fat diet rats using the creatinine serum level and histopathological changes as parameters. The in vivo experimental study with a completely randomized design used 30 male Sprague Dawley rats. After 7 days of adaptation, they were randomly divided into six treatment groups, each with five replications. The study was done for four weeks: NC group (given standard pellet without treatment for four weeks), five other groups were given a high-fat diet for four weeks, and at the last two weeks were added with aquadest, corn oil, alpha-mangostin dose-1, alpha-mangostin dose-2, and simvastatin, namely PTL, CO, D1, D2, and Sim group. Creatinine level was examined at the end of week 2 and week 4; the difference percentage was analyzed using ANOVA/Kruskal Wallis (α=0.05) and continued with Duncan/Mann Whitney. It was shown that creatinine level decreased in D1/D2 = PTL mice (p>0,05); kidney histopathological image in D1 was better than PTL (p<0,05). It was concluded that the alpha-mangostin kidney protection effect was not yet visible according to creatinine level, but it was visible according to histopathological image; further studies are needed.

The Effect of Ethanol Extract from Mangosteen Pericarps towards Parasitemia in Plasmodium berghei-Inoculated Mice Debora R. Marito; Susy Tjahjani; Khie Khiong
Journal of Medicine and Health Vol 1 No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Kristen Maranatha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28932/jmh.v1i4.528

Mangosteen pericarps contains fenolic antioxidant, such as xanthone that acts as free radical scavenging substances and preventing heme polymerization. In this research we evaluated the effect of ethanolic extract of mangosteen pericarps on the parasitemia in Plasmodium berghei-inoculated mice and compared its antimalarial activity with artemisinin monotherapy in reducing the parasitemia in Plasmodium berghei-inoculated mice. Deutschland Denken Yoken (DDY) Â mice were randomly divided into 5 groups and inoculated by Plasmodium berghei and given 0.1 mL aquadest (KN), 0.1 mg of artemisinin (KP), 2.5 mg (E1), 0.5 mg (E2) and 0,1 mg (E3) of ethanolic extract from mangosteen pericarps in 0.1 mL aquadest in 3 days. The parasitemia was observed on one day before the treatment, namely on the first day and on the day after the last treatment. We found a highly significant decrease highly significant decrease of the parasitemia in each treatment group compared to the Negative Control group (p < 0.01), and the decrease of parasitemia level in E1 group is similar to the artemisinin monotherapy group (p < 0.05).Â Â Keywords: ethanol extract of mangosteen pericarps, artemisinin, Plasmodium berghei, malaria

A.galanga (L.)-Willd Rhizome and O.sanctum L. Leave Essential Oils as Culex sp. Larvicide Puradisastra, Sugiarto; Limijaya, Regina Aurellia; Hartono, Angelica Rosa Septiana; Tjahjani, Susy
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 20 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v20i3.3388

Culex sp. can transmit diseases such as encephalitis and filariasis which is a public health problem because of elephantiasis, disability, and a neglected tropical disease. To prevent these diseases, the mosquitoes need to be eradicated and larvicides are considered to control them at their early stage. Temephos, a synthetic larvicide, could cause several disadvantage, such as potential toxicity against non-target organisms and easierto-develop mosquito resistance. Botanical sources from Indonesian spices i.e. galangal (Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.) and basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) are potentially used as larvicide. This study aimed to explore the larvicidal effect of their essential oils compared against temephos against Culex sp. A true experimental study was done using several concentrations and replications of these essential oils in each container, consisting of 25 third instar of Culex sp larvae for 24 hours at room temperature according to WHO procedure. The percentage of dead larvae was analyzed by ANOVA/ Kruskal Wallis. The study showed that Alpinia galanga ( L.) Willd. and Ocimum sanctum L. essential oils had larvicide activity and their activity starting from 140 ppm and 400 ppm consecutively was the same as temephos 1 ppm.

The Ins and Outs of Alpha-mangostin’s Potential as an Antimalarial Tjahjani, Susy; Hermanto, Faizal; Muchtaridi, Muchtaridi; Aulifa, Diah Lia; Ahsanul Haq, Fahmi
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v20i4.19307

Malaria drug resistance, including to development of resistance against artemisinin based treatments, poses a major challenge to elimination efforts. Alpha-mangostin, an antioxidant with in vitro antimalarial activity, is hindered by its poor solubility. This study explores the antimalarial effects of water-soluble alpha-mangostin chitosan-alginate nanoparticles (ACAN) in mice with berghei malaria. Mice were treated with various doses of ACAN, compared to alpha-mangostin in polyethylene glycol (PEG), as well as in corn oil (ACO) and chloroquine as a standard. Growth inhibition rates were assessed, revealing no inhibition in the PEG and normal control (NC) groups, while ACO was less active. The effective dose 50 (ED50) of ACAN was 264.5 mg/kg BW, containing only 15.87 mg of alpha-mangostin, suggesting that alpha-mangostin in ACAN may offer promising in vivo antimalarial activity. Further investigation is needed.

LEVEL TRANSAMINASE DAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIS HEPAR SETELAH ALFAMANGOSTIN PER-ORAL PADA TIKUS DENGAN PAKAN TINGGI LEMAK Tjahjani, Susy; Liana, Laella Kinghua; Pelapelapon, Allen Albert; Tabolong, Tiara; Haykal, Muhammad; Evacuasiany, Endang
Medika Kartika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6 No 4 (2023): Medika Kartika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

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Kelebihan berat badan berkaitan dengan berbagai keadaan patologik lainnya, terjadi reaksi inflamasi berlebih dengan akibat disfungsi mitokondria dan reaksi oksidasi asam lemak sebagai akibat terjadinya dislipidemia serta fatty liver disease. Alfamangostin, suatu senyawa xanthone berpotensi menurunkan ekspresi gen pengkode sintesis asam lemak dan juga merupakan suatu antioksidan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi alfamangostin terhadap perbaikan kadar SGPT dan SGOT serta gambaran steatosis dan inflamasi pada pemeriksaan histopatologishepar tikus Sprague Dawley yang diinduksi pakan tinggi lemak. Uji eksperimental in vivo dilakukan pada 30 ekor tikus jantan dengan rancangan acak lengkap yang setelah adaptasi 7 hari dibagi dalam 6 kelompok perlakuan (masing-masing 5 replikasi). Uji selama 4 minggu: kelompok pertama: KN (kontrol normal= pakan standar tanpa perlakuan 4 minggu), 5 kelompok lainnya 2 minggu PTL (pakan tinggi lemak) + 2 minggu berikutnya PTL + masing-masing perlakuan, yaitu kelompok PTL: diberi akuades, MJ (minyak jagung): diberi minyak jagung, D1: alfamangostin 7 mg/kgBB, D2: alfamangostin dosis35 mg/kgBB, SIM:simvastatin. Kadar SGPT dan SGOT diperiksa 2 kali: sebelum dan sesudah 2 minggu terakhir. Setelah selesai uji, tikus diterminasi melalui dislokasi servikal dalam keadaan teranestesi, data skoring steatosis dan inflamasi dicatat. Semua data dianalisis dengan ANOVA-Duncan atau Kruskal Wallis-Mann Whitney dengan alfa=0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan alfamangostin 7 mg/kgBB menurunkan kadar SGPT dan SGOT (p< 0,05). Gambaran steatosis tidak tampak, derajat inflamasi pada KN lebih tendah (p<0,05) dibandingkan kelompok lainnya sedangkan derajat inflamasi antar kelompok lainnya tidak berbeda. Disimpulkan bahwa pada PTL, alfamangostin dosis 7 mg/kgBB memperbaiki kadar transaminase tetapi belum tampak memperbaiki gambaran mikroskopik inflamasi hepar. Kata kunci: alfamangostin, hepatic steatosis, inflamasi, pakan tinggi lemak, SGPT dan SGOTDOI : 10.35990/mk.v6n4.p352-363

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