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Kedudukan Konstitusional Menteri Triumvirat Sebagai Pelaksana Tugas Kepresidenan Dalam Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensisil di Indonesia Titik Triwulan Tutik
Al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum dan Perundangan Islam Vol. 10 No. 2 (2020): Oktober
Publisher : Prodi Siyasah (Hukum Tata Negara) Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/ad.2020.10.2.275-302

Amendments of the 1945 Constitution reinforce the declaration of the rule of law, also clearly stipulating the presidential system of government. The manifestation of the presidential system is that the position of ministers is very important. Because basically the ministers are the leaders of the government (pouvoir executief) in the true sense in their respective fields of duty. It is the minister who determines the politics of government and coordination in the administration of the State. The existence of ministers of the Indonesian constitutional system is getting stronger with the recognition of three ministerial positions called triumvirate ministers. The three ministerial positions are the Minister of Home Affairs, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the Minister of Defense, which is regulated separately in Article 8 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. If the situation of vacancies in the positions of President and Vice-President together at the same time truly occurs, then there may be various legal issues related to the three ministerial positions. For example, there could be a dispute between the three, about who is more authorized among them, and even between the three of them as one entity with other institutions. If that happens the dispute can only be resolved legally by the Constitutional Court in accordance with its duties and authorities. Perubahan UUD 1945 mempertegas deklarasi negara hukum, juga menetapkan dengan jelas mengenai sistem pemerintahan presidensiil. Wujud dari dainutnya sistem presidensisil adalah bahwa kedudukan menteri-menteri sangat penting. Karena pada dasarnya para menteri itulah yang menjadi pimpinan pemerintahan (pouvoir executief) dalam arti yang sebenarnya di bidang tugasnya masing-masing. Menterilah yang menetapkan politik pemerintahan dan koordinasi dalam pemerintahan Negara. Keberadaan menteri sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia semakin kuat dengan dikenalnya tiga jabatan menteri yang disebut dengan menteri triumvirat. Ketiga jabatan menteri tersebut adalah Menteri Dalam Negeri, Menteri Luar Negeri, dan Menteri Pertahanan yang diatur tersendiri dalam Pasal 8 ayat (3) UUDNRI 1945. Menteri triumvirat inilah yang menggantikan kedudukan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden mangkat, berhenti, diberhentikan, atau tidak dapat melakukan kewajibannya dalam masa jabatannya secara bersamaan. Apabila keadaan kekosongan dalam jabatan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden secara bersamaan sungguh-sungguh terjadi, maka dapat saja timbul berbagai persoalan hukum yang terkait dengan ketiga jabatan menteri tersebut. Misalnya bisa saja terjadi sengketa antara ketiganya, tentang siapa yang lebih berwenang di antara mereka, dan bahkan antara mereka bertiga sebagai satu kesatuan dengan lembaga lain. Bila hal tersebut terjadi, maka secara yuridis penyelesaian sengketa tersebut hanya dapat diselesaikan secara hukum oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi sesuai dengan tugas dan wewenangnya.

HAKIKAT KEILMUAN ILMU HUKUM DITINJAU DARI SUDUT FILSAFAT ILMU DAN TEORI ILMU HUKUM Titik Triwulan Tutik
Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 24, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada

The essence of jurisprudence can be seen from two perspectives; perspective of philosophy of science and legal theory. From philosophical point of view, the term of science has two meanings; that is as a product and as a process. As a product, science is knowledge which has been verified in certain disciplines and systemized. Legal theory sees that jurisprudence has a specific character (sui generis), which is normatif. Therefore, jurisprudence remains acceptable as a science while respecting the character of jurisprudence. Hakikat keilmuan ilmu hukum dapat ditinjau dari sudut filsafat ilmu dan teori hukum. Dari sudut filsafat, istilah ilmu (science) menyandang dua makna, yaitu sebagai produk dan sebagai proses. Sebagai produk, ilmu adalah pengetahuan yang sudah terkaji kebenarannya dalam bidang tertentu dan tersusun dalam suatu sistem. Teori hukum memandang, bahwa ilmu hukum memiliki karakter yang khas (sui generis), yaitu sifatnya yang normatif. Berdasarkan kenyataan demikian, maka Ilmu Hukum tetap diterima sebagai ilmu dengan tetap menghormati karakter ilmu hukum yang merupakan kepribadian ilmu hukum.

HARMONISASI FUNGSI DPD DAN DPR PADA LEMBAGA PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DALAM SISTEM BIKAMERAL GUNA PELAKSANAAN CHECKS AND BALANCES Titik Triwulan Tutik
Yustisia Vol 1, No 3: December 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v1i3.10082

AbstractThis study is a normative legal research. The study aims to examine the function of harmonization between DPD and the DPR in agency representatives in bicameral system. Approach is used in this study are the historical, the statute, the comparative, the conceptual, and the case approach. Data collection by collecting primary legal materials and secondary. Primary legal materials studied and identified with the â€œIracâ€, while secondary legal materials are accounted for using the card system, which is based on the research subject. These materials are searched legal relationship between one and the other uses reasoning (analysis) deductive and inductive to generate propositions and concepts, either the definition, description, and classification as a result of research. Deductive analysis starts from the provisions made Â UUDNRI 1945 and with the support of secondary legal materials including literature of constitutional law concerning state agency DPD. The results show that the first, DPD as state agencies in a bicameral system is formulated as a representative body of the people who are institutionally have equal footing with the DPR, even in terms of the representation of character based on regions, DPD has a broader representation of the character of the DPR because the dimensions of representativeness based to all the people who are in these areas. Second, the DPD as a representative body of the people have the duty and authority as the DPR, which has the function of the budget, legislation, and despite the limited supervision. Third, in the context of constitutional Indonesia, there is no synchronization and harmonization of the position and function of the DPD and DPR, it weakened the state DPD function as a state institution.Â AbstrakPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang mengkaji harmonisasi fungsi DPD dan DPR pada lembaga perwakilan rakyat dalam sistem bikameral. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan historis, perundang-undangan, perbandingan, konsep, dan kasus. Pengumpulan data dengan menghimpun bahan-bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Bahan hukum primer dikaji dan diidentifikasi dengan metode â€œIRACâ€, sedangkan bahan hukum sekunder dicatat dengan menggunakan sistem kartu, yang disusun berdasarkan pokok permasalahan penelitian. Bahan-bahan hukum tersebut dicari hubungannya antar satu dan lainnya menggunakan penalaran (analisis) deduktif dan induktif untuk menghasilkan proposisi dan konsep, baik berupa definisi, deskripsi, maupun klasifikasi sebagai hasil penelitian. Analisis deduktif dilakukan bertitik tolak dari ketentuan UUD NRI 1945 dan didukung bahan hukum sekunder termasuk kepustakaan hukum tata negara yang menyangkut lembaga negara DPD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, DPD selaku lembaga negara dalam sistem bikameral diformulasikan sebagai lembaga perwakilan rakyat yang secara kelembagaan memiliki kedudukan sama dengan DPR, bahkan dari segi karakter keterwakilan berdasarkan daerah-daerah, DPD memiliki karakter keterwakilan yang lebih luas dari DPR karena dimensi keterwakilannya didasarkan kepada seluruh rakyat yang terdapat pada daerah-daerah. Kedua, DPD selaku lembaga perwakilan rakyat memiliki tugas dan wewenang sebagaimana DPR, yaitu memiliki fungsi anggaran, legislasi, Â dan pengawasan meski sifatnya terbatas. Ketiga, dalam konteks ketatanegaraan Indonesia, tidak ada sinkronisasi dan harmonisasi kedudukan dan fungsi antara DPD dan DPR, keadaan ini melemahkan fungsi DPD selaku lembaga negara.Â

Fatwā on The Ruling of Hajj Without Taṣrīh; The Case of Indonesian Hajj Pilgrims in 2024 Maram, Ahmad Nabilul; Said, Imam Ghazali; Tutik, Titik Triwulan
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 19 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v19i2.15437

Compliance with government regulations and religious fatwas is essential to ensure the legality and safety of the hajj pilgrimage. However, performing hajj without a taṣrīh (official visa) has become a significant issue, particularly for Indonesian pilgrims with long waiting periods for official visas. This study examines the perspectives of religious scholars and fatwā institutions on the validity of hajj without taṣrīh factors that contribute to non-compliance and policy recommendations for Indonesian and Saudi authorities to address these violations. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research includes direct observation, in-depth interviews, and thematic analysis to explore the reasons and experiences of unauthorized pilgrims while depicting the perspectives of religious authorities and community leaders. Findings reveal that taṣrīh violations involve various actors, including individual pilgrims, public officials, and religious leaders like kiai, who use their influence to facilitate unauthorized hajj. Conflicting fatwas from authorities such as Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, and Hay'ah Kibār al-ʻUlamā’ add complexity to the issue. This study highlights the need for harmonized fatwā issuance and enhanced education on the implications of unauthorized hajj. Policy recommendations aim to improve compliance, align Sharia law with government regulations, and ensure a safe, orderly pilgrimage.

Legal Non-Compliance and Kiai Hegemony: The Practice of Unregistered Marriages among the Madurese Muslim Community of Kubu Raya Baihaqi, Baihaqi; Tutik, Titik Triwulan; Musadad, Ahmad; Khazin, A. Mufti; Simun, Mahtumridho Ghufron bin
Journal of Islamic Law Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Islamic Law
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24260/jil.v5i2.2819

The practice of unregistered marriages (nikah siri) in traditional Muslim communities is often seen as non-compliance with state regulations. However, this behaviour cannot be understood without considering the influence of kiai (local religious leader) in the public sphere. This article explores the dynamics of unregistered marriage practices within the Madurese Muslim community of Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Employing a socio-legal research framework, the study collects data through in-depth interviews with 25 key informants, including widowed couples engaged in unregistered marriages, kiai, village officials, and community leaders. Drawing on Peter L. Berger’s theory of the social construction of reality, this article analyses the relationship between those involved in unregistered marriages and the hegemony of kiai. The study finds that unregistered marriages in the Madurese Muslim community are influenced by the kiai’s view that a marriage contract meeting the conditions of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) is valid without registration at the local Religious Affairs Office. This practice represents a social reality legitimised by religious authority. For the Madurese Muslim community, the religious legitimacy conferred by the kiai serves as a basis of faith, prompting them to engage in unregistered marriages despite this practice conflicting with state law. The article highlights the dominant role of kiai in shaping social realities that may diverge from compliance with state law in traditional Muslim communities. [Praktik perkawinan yang tidak dicatatkan (nikah siri) pada komunitas muslim tradisional sering kali dinilai sebagai ketidakpatuhan mereka terhadap regulasi administratif yang diatur oleh negara. Namun, perilaku tersebut tidak dapat dipisahkan dari pengaruh hegemoni para kiai di ruang publik. Artikel ini mengkaji dinamika praktik nikah siri yang dilakukan oleh komunitas muslim Madura di Kubu Raya, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian sosio-legal dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 25 informan kunci yang terdiri dari para pasangan nikah siri yang berstatus sebagai duda dan janda, kiai, perangkat desa, dan tokoh masyarakat. Dengan menggunakan teori konstruksi sosial atas kenyataan dari Peter L. Berger untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan dialektis antara pelaku nikah siri dan hegemoni kiai, artikel ini menemukan bahwa nikah siri yang dipraktikkan oleh komunitas muslim Madura dipengaruhi oleh pandangan kiai bahwa akad nikah yang telah memenuhi syarat dan rukun perkawinan dalam fikih adalah sah, tanpa perlu mencatatkannya di kantor urusan agama setempat. Praktik ini merupakan bentuk kenyataan sosial yang telah mendapatkan legitimasi keagamaan dari kiai. Bagi masyarakat muslim Madura, legitimasi keagamaan yang diberikan oleh kiai menjadi modal keyakinan bagi mereka untuk melakukan nikah siri, meskipun perilaku tersebut bertentangan dengan hukum administrasi negara. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa hegemoni kiai yang dominan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat muslim tradisional dapat mengonstruksi kenyataan sosial yang tidak taat terhadap hukum negara.]

Implications of Constitutional Court Decision Number 135/PUU-XXII/2024 on the Separation of DPR and DPRD Elections on the Electoral System in Indonesia Ernawati Huroiroh; Titik Triwulan Tutik; Dossy Iskandar Prasetyo
JUSTITIA JURNAL HUKUM Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Justitia Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/justitia.v9i2.28000

Constitutional Court Decision Number 135/PUU-XXII/2024 regarding the separation of the DPR and DPRD elections marks a significant change in Indonesia's electoral system. Until now, the simultaneous implementation of elections using the “five boxes” model has caused various problems, including technical complexity in implementation, high logistical costs, and reduced attention to local issues. This study aims to analyze the constitutional implications and legal transition of the decision, particularly regarding the term of office of the DPRD, the potential for a vacuum in regional government, and the urgency of revising related laws. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach and a conceptual approach through a review of the Constitutional Court's decision, the 1945 Constitution, the Election Law, the Regional Election Law, and relevant academic literature. The results of the study show that the separation of elections is intended to improve the effectiveness of their implementation, strengthen local democracy, and minimize the risk of administrative errors. However, this decision also poses challenges in the form of potential regulatory disharmony and constitutional uncertainty if it is not immediately followed by adjustments to legislation. Thus, this decision opens up space for electoral system reforms that are more responsive to local needs, but its success is highly dependent on the readiness of legislation and the governance of elections in Indonesia.

Position and Functions of Judges in Enforcing the Supreme of the Law: Case Study of Code of Ethics Violation by Judge Tutik, Titik Triwulan
Walisongo Law Review (Walrev) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/walrev.2021.3.2.9996

This research is a rational-empirical research that aims; First, examine the existence of Judicial Power in a constitutional state based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Second, examine the position of Supreme Court Justices as law enforcement actors in Judicial Power according to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Third, analyze whether the function of judges is Agung as a law enforcer in the Judicial Power as regulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia reflects the principles of independence. There are two main functions of judicial power as the main characteristics of the rule of law and the principle of the rule of law: First, judicial power, both in terms of substance and administration, has been determined to be independent and integrated under the guidance of the Supreme Court, but at the same time its role The DPR to control the Supreme Court's powers is enhanced through determining the appointment and dismissal of Supreme Court justices, and by establishing a Judicial Commission to oversee the administrative aspects of judicial power. Second, taking into account the considerations of the Supreme Court, the President is given the right to grant clemency, abolition and amnesty. The enforcement of the rule of law is a necessity in a state of law and an independent, neutral (impartial) and competent judiciary is one element. The position and function of the Supreme Court judge holds a very important position and role, in enforcing the rule of law. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian rasional-empiris yang bertujuan; Pertama, mengkaji eksistensi Kekuasaan Kehakiman dalam negara Hukum berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Kedua, menelaah kedudukan Hakim Agung sebagai pelaku penegak hukum dalam Kekuasaan Kehakiman menurut Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Ketiga, menganalisis apakah fungsi Hakim Agung sebagai pelaku penegak hukum dalam Kekuasaan Kehakiman sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 mencerminkan prinsip-prinsip independensi. Terdapat dua fungsi utama dari kekuasaan kehakiman sebagai ciri pokok negara hukum dan prinsip negara hukum: Pertama, kekuasaan kehakiman, baik dari segi subtansinya maupun administrasinya, telah ditetapkan bersifat mandiri dan terpadu di bawah pembinaan MA, tetapi pada saat yang bersamaan peran DPR untuk mengontrol kekuasaan MA ditingkatkan melalui penentuan pengangkatan dan pemberhentian hakim agung, dan dengan pembentukan KY untuk mengawasi segi-segi administrasi kekuasaan kehakiman. Kedua, dengan memperhatikan pertimbangan MA Presiden diberi hak untuk memberikan grasi, abolisi dan amnesti. Penegakkan supremasi hukum merupakan sebuah keniscayaan dalam negara hukum dan peradilan yang mandiri (independen), netral (tidak memihak) dan kompeten merupakan salah satu unsur. Kedudukan dan fungsi hakim agung memegang posisi dan peran yang sangat penting, dalam penegakkan sumpremasi hukum tersebut.

Tinjauan Tindak Pidana Ujaran Kebencian Menurut Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2008 Dalam Prespektif Perbandingan Hukum Tutik, Titik Triwulan
Al-Jinayah : Jurnal Hukum Pidana Islam Vol. 4 No. 2 (2018): Desember 2018
Publisher : Islamic Criminal Law Study Program, Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Arrangements regarding the hate speech in positive law are regulated in Article 28 paragraph (2) of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law Number 11 of 2008 and Article 45A paragraph (2) of Law Number 19 Year 2016 concerning Amendment to Law Number 11 Year 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions still raises a multi-interpretive understanding or vague norm. This saw the reality in the community that dealing with cases related to hatred on social media is still difficult to overcome. Second, the normalization of criminal sanctions in the ITE Law is a false norm, because the criminal sanctions should be in the Criminal Code - this is because the KTE Law is an administrative law. Islamic law which is guided by the Qur'an and al-Hadith also gives a limit to the meaning of hate speech as an act of tyranny so that ta'dzir sanctions apply to it. Based on this fact in the future, the ITE Law is expected to be able to meet and meet the expectations of the community. This is so that the public knows the limitations in using social media and so that the community knows the actions that can be considered as violating the rules. Also needed is the provision of understanding and understanding related to hatred and elements of SARA.

Pemidanaan Kepala Daerah yang Terduga Korupsi Akibat Operasi Tangkap Tangan oleh Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi Tutik, Titik Triwulan
Al-Jinayah : Jurnal Hukum Pidana Islam Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Islamic Criminal Law Study Program, Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/aj.2021.7.1.72-97

The Hand Arrest Operation (OTT) against Regional Heads suspected of committing criminal acts of corruption is a juridical authority given to the KPK in the context of efforts to eradicate corruption. OTT by the KPK can only be carried out with the following conditions: First, as long as there is “preliminary evidence”, “sufficient preliminary evidence”, and “sufficient evidence”. Second, continue to uphold human rights to the suspect. The prosecution of regional heads who are suspected of committing criminal acts of corruption through the KPK's Hand Arrest Operation (OTT) is carried out in three forms. First, the death penalty as regulated in Article 2 paragraph (2) of the 1999 PTPK Law in conjunction with the Corruption Act 2001. Second, imprisonment and fines, which are regulated in Article 5, Article 6, Article 7, Article 8, Article 9, Article 10, Article 11 and Article 12 of the Corruption Act 1999 in conjunction with the Corruption Act 2001. Apart from that, it is also provided for in Article 55 Paragraph 1 to 1 of the Criminal Code. Third, the additional penalty for substitute money is regulated in the Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2014 concerning the additional penalty for Corruption Crimes. Given that corruption is an extraordinary crime and its prevention requires special steps. Therefore, it is necessary to synchronize the rule of law between the Criminal Procedure Code and the Corruption Act in supporting the existing legal system to be more effective.

A MODEL FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN MADRASAH: Case Studies in Kediri and Surabaya Titik Triwulan Tutik
Jurnal Moderasi Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/jm.2022.21.03

This research is an Applied Research on National Strategic Studies, on the Implementation Model of Religious Moderation in Madrasahs by taking case studies in Surabaya City and Kediri Regency. Objectives of the activity: First, to analyze management patterns in implementing religious moderation in madrasas. Second, examine the application of subject teacher learning in implementing religious moderation in madrasas for their students. Third, describe the obstacles faced by madrasa institutions in implementing religious moderation. The research design is a field research design in which the researcher will conduct observations and interviews with the respondents on the issues raised. These findings will be analyzed using the social construction theory of Peter L. Berger.The results of the study show: First, the management pattern in implementing religious moderation in madrasas begins with determining the vision and mission of the madrasa, and preparing the madrasa work program, which is documented in the Madrasah Strategic Plan (Resntra), Madrasah Work Plan, Annual Activity Plan, Madrasah Activity Plan and Budget, and Madrasah Curriculum. Second, Madrasas in implementing religious moderation generally use three patterns, namely: (1) integrating with the learning process; (2) habituation activities; (3) through extracurricular. Based on the implementation model of religious moderation at the madrasah, it can generally be concluded that these patterns follow Peter L. Berger's Social Construction Theory, namely the existence of stages in implementation such as the preparation of vision and mission, work programs and habituation to the institution (process externalization), implementation of vision and mission, work programs, and habituation to madrasas (objectification process), and a correct understanding of moderation and implementation in everyday life both in the school, home, and community environment (internalization process).Based on the findings/results of the research, the suggestions/recommendations that can be given are: (1) there needs to be socialization, workshops, technical guidance, training on religious moderation for all educators and education personnel in Madrasahs to create a unified insight; (2) The government, in this case, the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia needs to provide a separate budget related to religious moderation activities, especially in madrasas so that activities can be carried out massively, systematically, and structured from the main level to the madrasa level; and (3) Madrasahs need to coordinate with parents through the madrasa committee, and carry out MoUs with stakeholders such as national private companies through CSR programs in implementing religious moderation in madrasas so that activities can be carried out massively and planned.

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