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All Journal Jurnal e-Biomedik JURNAL BIOMEDIK Medical Journal of Indonesia
Sunny Wangko
University of Sam Ratulangi Manado, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

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ADIPOGENESIS TUMBUH KEMBANG ADIPOSIT Wangko, William S.; Wangko, Sunny
Jurnal Biomedik : JBM Vol 2, No 3 (2010): JURNAL BIOMEDIK : JBM
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/jbm.2.3.2010.1194

Abstract

Abstract: Adipogenesis is defined as the growth and development of adipose tissue, which includes proliferation of adipose tissue cells and differentiation of these cells to become mature adipocytes. It is assumed that adipocytes are derived from multipotent messenchymal cells, fibroblasts, and resident adipocyte precursors in adipose tissues. Besides having genetic, nutritional, hormonal, and environmental factors, the progress of adipogenesis is influenced by angiogenesis and a variety of modulators (stimulators and inhibitors). Imbalance of all of these will trigger the formation of  excessive adipose tissues, the result being obesity and its co-morbids. Adipose tissues can be used in accelerating  the healing process of old wounds, revascularization of ischemic tissues, and in ongoing research as sources of cardiomyocytes in myocardial infarction. Key words: adipogenesis, adipocyte, proliferation, differentiation   Abstrak: Adipogenesis merupakan proses tumbuh kembang jaringan adiposa yang meliputi proliferasi sel jaringan adiposa dan diferensiasinya menjadi adiposit dewasa. Sel adiposit diduga dapat berasal dari sel mesenkim multipoten, fibroblas, dan sel prekursor adiposit di dalam jaringan adiposa yang bertahan sepanjang hidup. Selain faktor genetik,  nutrisi, hormonal dan lingkungan, perlangsungan adipogenesis juga dipengaruhi oleh angiogenesis serta berbagai modulator, baik yang bersifat stimulasi maupun inhibisi. Ketidakseimbangan yang terjadi pada kerja faktor-faktor tersebut dapat memicu pembentukan jaringan adiposa yang berlebihan, yang berakibat terjadinya obesitas berserta komorbidnya. Pemanfaatan jaringan adiposa telah dilakukan pada beberapa hal, antara lain mempercepat penyembuhan luka lama dan revaskularisasi jaringan iskemik. Walaupun masih dalam taraf penelitian, sel-sel jaringan adiposa telah dipertimbangkan sebagai sumber kardiomiosit pada infark jantung. Kata kunci: adipogenesis, adiposit, proliferasi, diferensiasi
TERAPI LARVA PADA LUKA KRONIS TERBUKA Wangko, Sunny
Jurnal Biomedik : JBM Vol 7, No 1 (2015): JURNAL BIOMEDIK : JBM
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/jbm.7.1.2015.7289

Abstract

Abstract: The usage of larvae in wound treatment has been known across the centuries in different countries. However, larval therapy is offered when the conventional therapy has failed in the management of chronic, infected wounds. Concerning the larval therapy, it was presumed that the wound healing was due to the mechanical debridement effect of the larval movement and of their hooks. To date, a variety of study reports reveals that there are several beneficial effects of the larval therapy, inter alia: secretion/excretion of larvae contains enzymes, growth factors, and cytokines that collaborate in the wound healing process. The bioactive molecules in the secretion/excretion of the larvae has to be further studied and to be developed, therefore, they can be applied in the wound management efficiently and economically. Keywords: larval therapy, chronic wound, healing process.     Abstrak: Walaupun pemanfaatan larva pada luka kronis telah sangat lama dikenal di berbagai negara, terapi larva umumnya digunakan bila terapi konvensional telah gagal. Awalnya diduga bahwa efek debridemen mekanis oleh gerakan larva dan kaitnya yang paling berperan. Dewasa ini, laporan berbagi studi telah mengungkapkan bahwa larva menyekresi dan menyintesis berbagai bahan baik berupa enzim, sitokin, dan growth factors yang turut berperan dalam proses penyembuhan luka. Adanya molekul bioaktif dalam ekskresi dan sekresi larva perlu diteliti dan dikembangkan agar dapat diaplikasikan dengan lebih efisien dan ekonomis. Kata kunci: terapi larva, luka kronis, penyembuhan luka.
HUBUNGAN KINERJA OTAK DENGAN SPIRITUALITAS MANUSIA DIUKUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN INDONESIA SPIRITUAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT PADA PEGAWAI PEMDA KABUPATEN HALTENG PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA ., Juniarsih; Pasiak, Taufiq F.; Wangko, Sunny
eBiomedik Vol 3, No 3 (2015): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.3.3.2015.9363

Abstract

Abstract: Brain is the most complex part of human body. It regulates, monitors, and controls our actions and behaviors. By using SPECT, Amen observed the brain activity associated with soul and divided brain into 5 main systems: the prefrontal cortex, limbic system, basal ganglia, cingulatus gyrus (cingulate), and the temporal lobe. Spirituality is an empirical experience related to the presence of God in one's life with its manifestations in interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships. Spirituality has four dimensions, which are the meaning of life, spiritual experiences, positive emotions, and rituals. The spiritual measuring device used in Indonesia is Indonesia Spiritual Health Assessment (ISHA). This study aimed to determine the correlation between the human brain performance and spirituality measured with ISHA among employees (echelon II and III) in Halmahera Tengah, North Maluku province. This was a descriptive correlative study with a survey method. The Spearman’s rank test showed an inversely correlation (-0.005) with a sig. 0.968 > α = 0.05, which means that there is no correlation between the performance of human brain and spirituality, especially positive emotions and the limbic system. Conclusion: There was no correlation between the performance of the human brain and spirituality especially positive emotions and the limbic system.Keywords: ISHA, brain, spirituality.Absrak: Otak merupakan bagian tubuh manusia yang sangat kompleks serta mengatur, mengawasi, dan mengendalikan tindakan dan perilaku tubuh. Dengan menggunakan SPECT, Amen mengamati aktivitas otak yang berhubungan dengan jiwa dan membagi otak dalam 5 sistem utama yaitu korteks prefrontalis, sistem limbik, ganglia basalis, Gyrus cingulatus (singulat), dan lobus temporalis. Spiritualitas adalah suatu pengalaman empirik berkaitan dengan kehadiran Tuhan dalam kehidupan seseorang dengan manifestasinya dalam hubungan interpersonal dan intrapersonal. Spiritualitas mempunyai 4 dimensi yaitu makna hidup, pengalaman spiritual, emosi positif, dan ritual. Di Indonesia alat ukur spiritual yang digunakan yaitu Indonesia Spiritual Health Assessment (ISHA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kinerja otak dengan spiritualitas manusia yang diukur menggunakan ISHA pada pegawai (pejabat essalon II dan III) Pemda Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah Provinsi Maluku Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif korelatif dan survei. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan korelasi terbalik (-0,005) dengan sig 0,968 > 𝜶=0,05. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kinerja otak dan spiritualitas khususnya emosi positif dan sistem limbik.Kata kunci: ISHA, otak, spiritualitas
GAMBARAN HISTOLOGIK GASTER PADA HEWAN COBA SELAMA 24 JAM POSTMORTEM Lilingan, Megi; Kalangi, Sonny J.R.; Wangko, Sunny
eBiomedik Vol 4, No 1 (2016): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.4.1.2016.12146

Abstract

Abstract: Studies about postmortem histological changes in stomach is still very limited. This study aimed to obtain histological changes of stomach in several time intervals during 24 hours postmortem. This is a descriptive study using pig as model. Samples of fundus tissue taken in several time intervals in postmortem were as follows: 0 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours, 18 hours, 20 hours, 22 hours, and 24 hours. The results showed that the earliest histological change was identified at 2 hours postmortem as fundic gland cell congestion. At 7 hours postmortem the contours of some fundic glands and borders of their cells were not distinct anymore, meanwhile their nuclei were dispersed among the remnants of fundic glands. At 18-24 hours postmortem, almost all fundic glands could not be indetified. Conclusion: The earliest histological change of stomach was identified at 2 hours postmortem as fundic gland cell congestion, followed by necrosis of fundic gland cells since 7 hours postmortem.Keywords: postmortem histological changes, fundic glands, postmortem interval Abstrak: Studi mengenai perubahan gambaran histologik gaster postmortem masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran histologik gaster berdasarkan variasi waktu selama 24 jam postmortem. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif dengan menggunakan babi sebagai hewan coba. Sampel jaringan fundus diambil pada interval waktu 0 jam; 1 jam; 2 jam; 3 jam; 4 jam; 5 jam; 6 jam; 7 jam; 8 jam; 9 jam; 12 jam; 14 jam; 16 jam; 18 jam; 20 jam; 22 jam; 24 jam postmortem. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa perubahan histologik gaster babi mulai teridentifikasi pada 2 jam postmortem sebagai kongesti kelenjar fundus. Pada 7 jam postmortem bentuk dari beberapa kelenjar fundus dan batas-batas sel tidak jelas, sementara itu inti sel mulai terpisah di antara sisa-sisa kelenjar fundus. Pada 18-24 jam postmortem, umumnya kelenjar fundus sudah tidak bisa diindentifikasi. Simpulan: Perubahan histologik awal dari gaster dapat diidentifikasi pada 2 jam postmortem dengan gambaran kongesti kelenjar fundus, diikuti oleh nekrosis kelenjar fundus sejak 7 jam postmortem. Kata kunci: perubahan histologik postmortem, kelenjar fundus, waktu postmortem.
GAMBARAN MAKROSKOPIK DAN MIKROSKOPIK LIMPA PADA HEWAN COBA POSTMORTEM Goni, Lidya R.; Wongkar, Djon; Wangko, Sunny
eBiomedik Vol 5, No 1 (2017): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.5.1.2017.14849

Abstract

Abstract: Morphologic changes of dead cells of an organ may be used as one of the alternatives to determine the time of death. Studies about macroscopic and microscopic postmortem changes in organs related to estimation of time of death are still limited. This study was aimed to obtain the macroscopic and microscopic changes of spleen based on the variation of time intervals up to 48 hours postmortem. This was a descriptive observational study that used two domestic pigs as animal model. The results showed that the macroscopic changes in the spleen occurred at 5 hours postmortem, characterized by changes in color and length. The spleen looked darker and became shorter (15 cm to 14.5 cm). At 30 hours postmortem, whitish spots appeared on the surface of the spleen. The earliest microscopic changes occured at 5 hours postmortem, characterized by congestion of Malpighian corpuscles. At 24 hours postmortem, a lot of cells in the Malpighian corpuscles showed pyknotic nuclei, and at 48 hours postmortem, most of the cells in the Malpighian corpuscles had undergone karyorrhexis and karyolisis. Conclusion: The earliest macroscopic changes occured at 5 hours postmortem meanwhile the earliest microscopic changes occured at 5 hours postmortem as congestion of Mapighian corpuscles. The lymphocytes inside the corpuscles showed pyknotic nuclei at 24 hours postmortem and became karyorrhexis as well as karyolysis at 48 hours postmortem.Keywords: macroscopic and microscopic description, spleen, postmortem Abstrak: Perubahan morfologi sel mati dari suatu organ dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk menentukan lama waktu kematian. Penelitian mengenai perubahan makroskopik dan mikroskopik postmortem dari organ-organ sebagai alternatif perkiraan waktu kematian belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran makroskopik dan mikroskopik limpa postmortem berdasarkan variasi waktu sampai 48 jam. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional menggunakan dua ekor babi domestik sebagai hewan coba. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perubahan makroskopik limpa pada hewan coba mulai tampak pada 5 jam postmortem ditandai dengan perubahan warna dan panjang limpa. Limpa tampak lebih gelap dan menjadi lebih pendek (15 cm menjadi 14,5 cm). Pada 42 jam postmortem muncul bercak-bercak pucat pada permukaan limpa. Perubahan mikroskopik limpa mulai tampak pada 5 jam postmortem yang ditandai dengan kongesti korpus Malpighi. Pada 24 jam postmortem sebagian besar limfosit dalam korpus memperlihatkan inti piknotik yang menjadi karioreksis dan kariolisis pada 48 jam postmortem. Kata kunci: gambaran makroskopik dan mikroskopik, limpa, postmortem
PERAN VITAMIN C TERHADAP PIGMENTASI KULIT Kembuan, Melisa Veronica; Wangko, Sunny; Tanudjaja, George N.
JURNAL BIOMEDIK : JBM Vol 4, No 3 (2012): JURNAL BIOMEDIK : JBM Suplemen
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/jbm.4.3.2012.1215

Abstract

Abstract: The effective use of vitamine C for skin care has been widely recognized, in particular its use to make the skin more radiant. This is related to the action of vitamine C as a powerful antioxidant which can be easily absorbed by the body. Several clinical trials found that vitamine C had a positive effect as a skin pigmentation lightener. Some treatment for pigment disorders, in this case the management of melasma and senile lentigos, includes vitamine C as a systemic treatment. Keywords: vitamin C, pigmentation, melanocyte.   Abstrak: Efek vitamin C untuk kecantikan kulit telah banyak diterapkan, khususnya  penggunaan vitamin C untuk efek pencerahan kulit. Hal ini berkaitan dengan sifat vitamin C yang merupakan antioksidan kuat dan dapat diserap mudah oleh tubuh. Dari beberapa pengujian klinis ditemukan bahwa efek vitamin C terhadap pigmentasi mempunyai hasil positif yaitu dapat mencerahkan kulit. Beberapa pengobatan untuk masalah kelainan pigmen dalam hal ini penatalaksanaan melasma dan lentigo senilis menggunakan vitamin C untuk pengobatan sistemik. Kata kunci: vitamin C, pigmentasi, melanosit.
KOMPONEN SEL JARINGAN IKAT Wangko, Sunny; Karundeng, Ronny
JURNAL BIOMEDIK : JBM Vol 6, No 3 (2014): JURNAL BIOMEDIK : JBM Suplemen
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/jbm.6.3.2014.6327

Abstract

Abstract: Connective tissue is distributed in all parts of the body and its main function is to connect cells and tissues. Most of the embryonic connective tissues are derived from embryonal messenchymal tissues. There are a variety of connective tissues which are compatible with their functions and locations. The general difference of all connective tissues is the arrangement and composition of intercellular matrix. Connective tissues are composed of two major components: cells and intercellular matrices. Connective tissue cells, fixed cells or wandering cells, have their special functions which support each other to maintain the optimal histophysiology of the connective tissue.Keywords: connective tissues, cells, histophysiologyAbstrak: Jaringan ikat tersebar luas di seluruh bagian tubuh dengan fungsi utama untuk menghubungkan berbagai komponen sel atau jaringan. Hampir seluruh jaringan ikat embriologik berasal dari jaringan mesensimal embrional. Terdapat berbagai jenis jaringan ikat yang sesuai dengan fungsi dan lokasinya. Perbedaan utama dari berjenis-jenis jaringan ikat tersebut berdasarkan susunan dan komposisi matriks intersel. Jaringan ikat terdiri dari dua komponen dasar utama yaitu sel dan matriks intersel. Sel-sel jaringan ikat baik yang tetap maupun yang bebas mempunyai fungsi khusus masing-masing yang saling melengkapi untuk mempertahankan keutuhan histofisiologi jaringan ikat.Kata kunci: jaringan ikat, sel, histofisiologi
The Role of Allergic Diseases in Common Pediatric Mental Health Disorders – A brief literature review Tanus, Tonny; Wangko, Sunny; Tanus, Sally M.
Jurnal Biomedik : JBM Vol 12, No 1 (2020): JURNAL BIOMEDIK : JBM
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/jbm.12.1.2020.26930

Abstract

Abstrak: Peningkatan risiko masalah kejiwaan akibat kondisi alergi berdampak besar terhadap implikasi klinis. Peran dan parahnya kondisi alergi perlu dipertimbangkan pada anak dengan ansietas atau depresi. Dikatakan bahwa pengobatan alergi dapat mencegah bahkan memperbaiki masalah kejiwaan yang terjadi namun penatalaksanaan alergi secara terpadu dapat membantu mengatasi depresi dan ansietas. Antihistamin generasi pertama telah dikenal berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan mental. Adanya hubungan erat antara alergi dan kesehatan mental menyebabkan steroid topikal dan bila diperlukan anhistamin generasi kedua layak menjadi pilihan. Rentannya pasien dengan alergi terhadap risiko masalah kejiwaan mendorong para klinisi agar lebih memahami bahwa pengobatan psikiatri juga dibutuhkan pada penatalaksanaan alergi dan rekomendasi terapi yang sesuai.Kata kunci: alergi, kesehatan jiwa Abstract: Increased risk of mental health problems brought by allergic conditions has substantial clinical implications. The role and the severity of allergic conditions need to be assessed when children present with anxiety or depression. Although many have proposed that treatment of allergies may prevent and help mental health diseases and definitely deserve further consideration and studies in real practice, concurrent allergy management has been found to help relieving depression and anxiety. First generation antihistamines are well known for their mental health effect. In light of the strong link between allergies and mental health, topical steroids and if needed, the second generation antihistamines would be the preferred choice. Awareness of this link that patients with allergic disorders have higher risk of psychiatric diseases would hopefully make clinicians be more aware that psychiatric treatments will need to include assessment of allergy and recommendation of appropriate therapy.Keywords: allergy, mental health
Gambaran histologik usus halus pada hewan coba selama 24 jam postmortem Theodore, Victori J.; Wangko, Sunny; Kalangi, Sonny J.R.
e-Biomedik Vol 5, No 1 (2017): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v5i1.14804

Abstract

Abstract: Studies about histological changes in small intestine are still very limited. This study was aimed to obtain the histological changes of the small intestine in several time intervals during 24 hours postmortem. This was a descriptive observational study using domestic pig as model. Samples were obtained from the ileum section of the small intestine, taken at 0 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours, 18 hours, 20 hours, 22 hours, and 24 hours postmortem. The results showed that the earliest histological change was identified at 0 hours postmortem as congestion of the intestinal glands and formation of subepithelial cell spaces, followed by destruction of basal membranes of the glands at 3 hours postmortem, lysis of the glands at 16 hours postmortem. At 18-24 hours postmortem, almorst all intestinal glands could not be identified. Conclusion: The earliest histological change of small intestine was identified at 0 hours postmortem as congestion of the intestinal glands, followed by necrosis of the glands at 3 hours postmortem, and lysis of the glands at 16 hours postmortem.Keywords: small intestine, autolysis, histological changes, postmortem Abstrak: Studi mengenai perubahan gambaran histologik usus halus postmortem masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran histologik usus halus berdasarkan variasi waktu selama 24 jam postmortem. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional dengan menggunakan babi domestik sebagai hewan coba. Sampel diambil dari bagian ileum usus halus pada interval waktu: 0 jam, 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, 5 jam, 6 jam, 7 jam, 8 jam, 9 jam, 12 jam, 14 jam, 16 jam, 18 jam, 20 jam, 22 jam, dan 24 jam postmortem. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa perubahan histologik usus halus babi mulai teridentifikasi pada 0 jam postmortem berupa kongesti kelenjar intestinal, diikuti oleh kerusakan struktur membran basalis kelenjar pada 3 jam postmortem, dan lisis sel-sel kelenjar pada 16 jam postmortem. Pada 18-24 jam postmortem, hampir seluruh kelenjar intestinal tidak dapat diidentifikasi. Simpulan: Perubahan histologik awal dari usus halus dapat diidentifikasi pada 0 jam postmortem berupa kongesti kelenjar intestinal, diikuti oleh kerusakan struktur membran basalis 3 jam postmortem, dan lisis kelenjar pada 16 jam postmortem. Kata kunci: usus halus, autolisis, postmortem, waktupostmortem, perubahan histologik postmortem
Gambaran makroskopik dan mikroskopik otak besar pada hewan coba postmortem Korobitua, Steven; Wangko, Sunny; Ticoalu, Shane H.R.
e-Biomedik Vol 5, No 1 (2017): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v5i1.15460

Abstract

Abstract: Most brain cells belong to pyramidal cells which are very sensitive toward conditions that cause cell death. This study was aimed to obtain macroscopic and microscopic postmortem changes of the brain according to time variations up to 48 hours. This study was conducted at Histology Laboratorium, Medical Faculty of Sam Ratulangi University, Manado. Two domestic pigs weighing 20 kg were used as models. Macroscopic and microscopic observations were done at certain interval times. The results showed that at 16 hours postmortem, the brain looked pale, its consistency became softer and watery, and the inner part would crumble under touch. At 44 hours postmortem most of the brain became watery which was complete at 48 hours postmortem. Microscopic observations were done on brain samples at time intervals, as follows: 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours, 18 hours, 20 hours, 22 hours, and 24 hours postmortem. The earliest microscopic change was observed at 3 hours postmortem as the enlargement of clear zones around the pyramidal cells. At 7 hours postmortem, the pyramidal cells became flattened, darker, and shorter. At 18 hours postmortem, the pyramidal cells underwent fragmentation, and at 24 hours postmortem they became lysis leaving empty spaces. Conclusion: All parts of the brain became watery at 48 hours postmortem. The microscopic changes were the enlargemnet of clear zones around the pyramidal cells, the cells became darker, flattened, and shorter, underwent fragmentation and lysis leaving empty spaces.Keywords: postmortem, macroscopic and microscopic changed, pyramidal cell Abstrak: Sebagian besar sel penyusun otak ialah sel piramidal yang sangat peka terhadap keadaan yang dapat menyebabkan kematian sel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perubahan makroskopik dan mikroskopik postmortem dari otak besar berdasarkan variasi waktu sampai 48 jam pada hewan coba. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Histologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hewan coba ialah dua ekor babi domestik, berat badan sekitar 20 kg. Pengamatan makroskopik dan mikroskopik dilakukan pada interval waktu tertentu. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan pada 16 jam postmortem otak besar tampak pucat, konsistensi melunak, berair, dan bagian dalam akan hancur bila disentuh. Pada 44 jam postmortem sebagian besar bagian otak besar telah mencair yang menjadi lengkap pada 48 jaam postmortem. Pengamatan mikroskopik dilakukan terhadap sediaan otak besar dengan interval waktu 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, 5 jam, 6 jam, 9 jam, 10 jam, 12 jam, 14 jam, 16 jam, 18 jam, 20 jam, 22 jam, 24 jam postmortem. Perubahan mikroskopik paling awal terlihat pada 3 jam postmortem berupa zona jernih mengelilingi sel-sel piramidal. Pada 7 jam postmortem sel-sel piramidal tampak gelap, memipih, dan memendek. Pada 18 jam postmortem sel-sel piramidal mengalami fragmentasi dan lisis pada 24 jam postmortem dengan meninggalkan ruang-ruang kosong. Simpulan: Seluruh otak besar telah mencair pada 48 jam postmortem. Perubahan mikroskopik yang teridentifikasi ialah pelebaran zona jernih sekeliling sel piramidal, sel-sel piramidal tampak gelap, memipih, dan memendek, fragmentasi, dan lisis pada 24 jam postmortem dengan meninggalkan ruang-ruang kosong. Kata kunci: postmortem, perubahan makroskopik and mikroskopik, sel piramidal
Co-Authors Ali, Sekar N. Amelia F. Manatar Arum P. S. Widyaningrum Baldatun Rahmadana Benedictus S. Lampus Dantje T Sembel Dantje T. Sembel Djon Wongkar Eka Banjarnahor Elisa Rompas Erwin G. Kristanto Erwin Kristanto Fitria Angraini Dalili George N. Tanudjaja Goni, Lidya R. Gunawan Pratama Hans Huijbregts Henry C. P. Kaunang Iknes Sihombing Iola Pattabang Jemima N. Jacobs Jimmy Posangi Johannes Huijbregts, Johannes Johannis Mallo Juniarsih ., Juniarsih Kartika A. Abeng, Kartika A. Korobitua, Steven Lapian, Clifford Lendy S.F. Polii, Lendy S.F. Lestari B M Lia Permatasari Lilian Andries Made Wardhana Marie Kaseke Marie M. Kaseke Megi Lilingan, Megi Melisa Veronica Kembuan Nelwan, Gabriella B. Novia K. Pualilin Octaviana I. S. Rahim Oddi R Pinontoan Patricius Geraldo Angel Patrix Kaparang Renny M. Toreh Rezky A. Yastab Ronny Karundeng Roslin Sinaga Savalina, Dinda N.S. Shane H.R. Ticoalu Sonny J. R. Kalangi Sonny J.R. Kalangi Sonny Kalangi Supriadi . Tanus, Sally M. Taufik F. Pasiak, Taufik F. Taufiq F. Pasiak Taufiq Pasiak Theodore, Victori J. Tonny Tanus Ubruangge, Tonci Wahyudi Hardi William S. Wangko