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INVENTARISASI TANAMAN PENEDUH JALAN PENJERAP TIMBAL DI PURWOKERTO Santoso, Slamet; Lestari, Sri; Samiyarsih, Siti
Prosiding Vol 3, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Prosiding

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Abstract

Tanaman peneduh jalan adalah tanaman yang berada di tepi jalan. Tanaman peneduh jalan memiliki dua fungsi yaitu sebagai estetika dan ekologis. Salah satu fungsi ekologis tanaman peneduh jalan adalah mengakumulasi bahan pencemar. Jenis pencemaran yang memerlukan penanganan secara sistematis dan komprehensif adalah pencemaran timbal (Pb). Pb banyak dihasilkan oleh aktivitas pembakaran bahan bakar minyak kendaraan bermotor. Jenis tanaman peneduh jalan yang berpotensi mengakumulasi Pb belum tereksplorasi sehingga dilakukan riset yang dapat menghasilkan database jenis spesies yang mampu mengurangi Pb di lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menginventarisasi jenis tanaman peneduh jalan penjerap Pb. Manfaat penelitian adalah mendapatkan jenis tanaman peneduh jalan yang berpotensi penjerap Pb. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survai di 8 (delapan) jalan di wilayah Purwokerto. Sampel daun tanaman peneduh jalan diambil secara acak terpilih di sepanjang jalan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis-jenis tanaman peneduh jalan yang berpotensi menjerap Pb adalah Glodogan (Polyalthea longifolia), Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus), Filicium (Filicium decipiends), Ketapang (Terminalia catappa), Beringin (Ficus benjamina), Kupu-kupu (Bauhinia tomentosa), Puspa (Schima wallichii), Kenari (Canarium ovatum) dan Genitu (Chrysophyllum cainito).
The Structural Resistance’s Anatomy of Sweet Potato Leaves to Fungal Pathogen Sphaceloma batatas Samiyarsih, Siti; Juwarno, Juwarno; Muljowati, Juni Safitri
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.12116

Abstract

Anatomical characters can be used as instructions to the structural resistance of plants to pathogen attack. Various pathogens attack sweet potato plants, such as the Sphaceloma batatas fungus that causes scurvy disease (scab). The aims of this research t test the structural resistance of sweet potato plants based on leaf anatomical character and intensity of disease attack due to the inoculated of S. batatas. The research was conducted from June to November 2016, using the Completely Randomized Design Experimental (RAL) method with a factorial pattern. The first factor was ten sweet potato cultivars and the second factor was the inoculum of S. batatas fungus each treatment with five replications. The character of leaf anatomy observed was thick of cuticle, thick of mesophyll, size and number of stomata and number of trichomes per 1 mm2 leaf area. Based on the research result, it was concluded that the inoculation of the fungus of S. batatas caused the decrease of stomata length and width on ten sweet potato cultivars. The highest intensity of disease attack was 14.33% and correlated with stomata length (r = 0.49). The anatomical structural resistance to scurvy can be used as a basis for determining crosses for obtaining superior sweet potato cultivars. The benefit of the research is to advise the community to cultivate sweet potatoes that have structural resistance to scurvy, such as cuticle and thick mesophyll, high trichomata density.
Variasi Karakter Anatomis Talus Padina australis Hauck 1887 (Dictyotales, Phaeophycota) di Pantai Karang Tengah Kabupaten Cilacap Samiyarsih, Siti; Ats’tsaury, Moch Iqbal Sufyan; Insan, Achmad Ilalqisny; Fitrianto, Nur
977-2407769
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v9i4.28208

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Karakter anatomi dapat digunakan untuk menentukan produktivitas kandungan alginat rumput laut P. australis Hauck. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui variasi karakter anatomis talus Padina australis Hauck. Pengambilan sampel dengan purposive random sampling di pantai Karang Tengah, Kabupaten Cilacap. Persiapan mikroskopis dengan metode parafin dengan safranin 1% dalam alkohol 70%. Parameter yang diamati meliputi ketebalan epidermis, ukuran sel medula, ketebalan talus, dan ukuran tetra sporangia. Pengamatan struktur anatomi secara deskriptif dengan membandingkan karakter anatomi P. australis Hauck pada garis konsentris. Data karakter anatomi dianalisis dengan Uji-t dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi karakter anatomi talus dengan garis konsentris 5 memiliki ketebalan epidermis adaxial dan abaxial masing-masing adalah 20,05 μm dan 12,55 μm, sedangkan pada garis konsentris 7 memiliki ketebalan 28,33 μm dan 18 μm. Ketebalan talus dengan garis konsentris 5 dan 7 masing-masing adalah 99,44 μm, 114,77 μm. Diameter meduler dengan garis konsentris 5 dan 7 masing-masing adalah 37,88 μm, 45,5 μm. Diameter rata-rata tetra sporangia masing-masing dengan garis konsentris 5 dan 7 yaitu 25,66 μm, 35,66 μm. Talus P. australis Hauck berdasarkan garis konsentris 5 dan 7 memiliki perbedaan ukuran pada ketebalan epidermis adaxial, ketebalan epidermis abaxial, ketebalan talus, diameter meduler, dan diameter tetra sporangia. Implikasi penelitian ini sebagai database pada data dasar karakter anatomi P. australis yang dikaitkan denggan produktsi alginat dan data dasar taksonomi.  ABSTRACT: Anatomical character data can be used to determine the productivity of P. australis Hauck's seaweed alginate content. Each thallus has a thallus size and the number of varied concentric lines. The aim of the research is to determine the anatomical characteristics of the Padina australis Hauck thallus. Seaweed sampling by purposive random sampling technique in Karang Tengah beach, Cilacap regency. Preparation of microscopic by paraffin method with safranin 1% in 70% alcohol. Parameters observed included thickness of the epidermis, size of a medullary cell, the thickness of thallus, and the size of tetra sporangia. The anatomical character data was analyzed by t-Test with a 95% confidence level. The result of the research showed that the anatomical character of the thallus with concentric line 5 had a thickness of adaxial and abaxial epidermis respectively is 20.05 μm and 12.55 μm, whereas in concentric line 7 had a thickness of 28.33 μm and 18 μm. The thickness of the thallus with concentric lines 5 and 7 respectively is 99.44 μm, 114.77 μm. Medullary diameter with concentric lines 5 and 7 respectively is 37,88 μm, 45,5 μm. The average diameter of tetra sporangia with concentric lines 5 and 7 respectively that is 25,66 μm, 35,66 μm. Thallus of P. australis Hauck based on concentric lines 5 and 7 has differences of sizes on the adaxial epidermal thickness, thickness of the abaxial epidermis, the thickness of the thallus, medullary diameter, and diameter of tetra sporangia. The implications anatomical characters associated with alginate productivity and taxonomic baseline data.
Selection of Soybean (Glycine max) Germplasm Against Biotrophic Fungi Disease Based on Anatomical Resistance Samiyarsih, Siti; Pratiwi, Ade Yuanita Putri; Muljowati, Juni Safitri; Fitrianto, Nur
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 3 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i3.25109

Abstract

The obstacle to increasing the soybean production is an infection of rust disease caused by the biotrophic fungus, Phakopsora pachyrhizi. The research objectives were to determine the anatomical resistance and the level of resistance of soybean cultivars against rust disease. The embedding method for observed leaf structural anatomy. The disease severity based on the method of International Working Group on the Soybean Rust (IWGSR) rating system.  The experiment was arranged as a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with Factorial Pattern and five times repetition. The first factor was soybean cultivars, namely Gepak Kuning, Slamet, Tanggamus, and Wilis. The second factor was P. pachyrhizi inoculation with 0 uredospores/mL (uninoculated) and 104 uredospores/mL (inoculated). The results showed that the soybean cultivars that have thicker cuticle and epidermis, high trichomes and low stomatal density, and low of stomatal conductance have better anatomical resistance to leaf rust disease. Wilis and Slamet cultivars are resistant cultivars, indicated by disease intensity of 20% and 24.6%, respectively. While the Tanggamus is moderately resistant cultivar and Gepak Kuning is a susceptible cultivar, indicated by disease intensity of 56.5% and 85.3%, respectively. The novelty of selection soybean germplasm against biotrophic fungal disease are important and effectiveness in order to increase the crop productivity. These three soybean cultivars potentially serve as genetic sources to develop high yielding soybean cultivars and resistant to rust disease.
Tea Fungus Beverages from Torch Ginger (Etlingera elatior): Total microbial, Physicochemical, and Antioxidant Activity Fitrianto, Nur; Husen, Fajar; Samiyarsih, Siti; Ratnaningtyas, Nuniek Ina; Palindung, Lusia Seti; Azizah, Enur
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 3 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.47944

Abstract

Functional beverages are needed to maintain health and fitness as a part of the instant lifestyle and degenerative diseases. The scientific findings on torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flower (TGF) as a tea fungus beverage (Kombucha) are still limited. This research evaluated total microbes, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant activity 7 and 14 days after fermentation (daf) of TGF kombuchas. In addition, TGF in variant 0% (TGF0), 5% (TGF5), 10% (TGF10), and 15% (TGF15) are fermented with 3% of SCOBY, 20% culture, 1% green tea, and 10% sucrose. The antioxidant activities of TGF kombuchas were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azino-bis 3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid (ABTS) assay—the phenolic and flavonoid content using Folin-Ciocalteu method-gallic acid equivalent, and quercetin acid equivalent, respectively. The result showed that the fermentation time (p0.05) was affected by the properties of TGF kombuchas. Total microbes, physicochemical properties (pH, acidity, cellulose pellicle weight, phenolic, flavonoid content), and antioxidant activity were higher in 14 than in 7 days. Total soluble solid and total yeast count showed lower values in 14 days. The increase in total bacteria count, TGF15%, led to the highest increasing density from 8.08 ± 0.02Log CFU/mL on seven daf to 13.34 ± 0.04Log CFU/mL on 14 daf. The TGF 10% and 15% kombuchas in 14 dafs showed abundance in phenolic and flavonoid content, 121.45±1.07mg GAE/mL and 1.70±0.04 mg QAE/mL, respectively. During 14 daf and TGF 10%, the Kombucha of torch ginger flower demonstrated high antioxidant activity at 85.92±0.07% DDPH and 63.05±0.97ABTS. It is expected to aid future research into developing functional kombucha beverages.
pemanfaatan ekstrak kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) sebagai pewarna alami jaringan daun dan batang krokot (Portulaca oleracea L.) Yani, Gita Fitri; Abbas, Muachiroh; Samiyarsih, Siti
BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed Vol 2 No 2 (2020): BioEksakta
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.bioe.2020.2.2.2139

Abstract

The dye functions to clarify the plant tissue that will be observed with a microscope, the dye that is commonly used is synthetic dyes that are carcinogenic, the price is expensive and can pollute the environment. Natural dyes are an alternative to synthetic dyes because they are safe, inexpensive and environmentally friendly. natural dye sources obtained from plant parts such as fruit peels. Efforts to use mangosteen rind waste as an herbal remedy can also be used as a natural dye because it has a high enough anthocyanin content. Anthocyanins in mangosteen peel can be obtained through extraction. Maceration is an easy extraction method where the results are only affected by the type of solvent and the extraction time. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is used as research material because currently purslane has been widely used because of its nutritional content including high metabolic and antioxidant regualting substances. This study aims to determine the ability of mangosteen rind extract in coloring the leaf and stem tissue of purslane, and to determine the type of solvent and optimal immersion time to produce mangosteen rind extract so that it can color the leaf tissue and stems purslane well. The study was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors: factor 1 was the type of solvent using ethanol 96% and citric acid 14%, the second factor was immersion time, namely 26, 27 and 28 hours. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively qualitatively including the contrast and clarity of the preserved tissue preparation of leaf and stem purslane. The results showed mangosteen rind extract has the ability to dye leaf tissue and stems. The type of 14% citric acid solvent with 28 hours soaking time was optimal in producing mangosteen rind extract so that it was able to dye the leaf and stem tissue of purslane.
KUALITAS BIJI DAN KARAKTER AGRONOMI PADI HITAM (Oryza sativa L.) LOKAL PEKALONGAN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN PAKLOBUTRAZOL DAN GIBERELIN Prihantari, Endang Triyani; Hardiyati, Triani; Samiyarsih, Siti
BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed Vol 3 No 2 (2021): BioEksakta
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.bioe.2021.3.2.4240

Abstract

Padi hitam (Oryza sativa L.) adalah varietas padi yang memiliki banyak fungsi tambahan dan dijadikan pangan yang fungsional. Namun, padi hitam memiliki masa panen yang lebih lama dan memiliki batang yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan padi jenis lain sehingga tanaman padi hitam rentan mengalami rebah. Hal ini akan menurunkan kualitas tanaman padi. Salah satu metode yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi hal ini dengan memberi perlakuan paklobutrazol dan GA3. Perpaduan antara paklobutrazol dan GA3 diharapkan dapat memberikan pertumbuhan padi yang lebih baik dan meningkatkan kualitas biji padi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan paklobutazol dan GA3 terhadap kualitas biji, ukuran palealemma dan karakter agronomi padi hitam kultivar Pekalongan. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola perlakuan faktorial. Faktor pertama yaitu paklobutrazol dengan 4 taraf konsentrasi (0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm dan 300 ppm) diberikan 1 kali pada usia tanaman 4 minggu dan faktor kedua yaitu GA3 dengan 4 taraf konsentrasi (0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm dan 300 ppm) diberikan 1 kali pada usia tanaman 6 minggu, sehingga terdapat 48 kombinasi dengan masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, lebar daun, umur berbunga, umur panen, ukuran palea-lemma, berat 100 biji, kandungan protein dan amilosa. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%, dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada tingkat kesalahan 5%.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara paklobutrazol dan GA3 tidak nyata namun perlakuan paklobutrazol mandiri konsentrasi 300 ppm memberikan hasil terbaik untuk penghambatan tinggi tanaman, sedangkan pemberian paklobutrazol konsentrasi 200 ppm merupakan konsentrasi terbaik dalam memacu umur berbunga dan umur panen. Pemberian GA3 100 ppm adalah konsentrasi terbaik untuk menambah lebar daun sedangkan pada konsentrasi 300 ppm mampu memberikan hasil terbaik untuk ukuran palea-lemma, kandungan amilosa, kandungan protein dan berat 100 biji per tanaman. Kata kunci: GA3, padi hitam kultivar Pekalongan (Oryza sativa L.), paklobutrazol
Kajian Anatomi Daun dan Morfologi Nepenthes spp. Koleksi Kebun Raya Baturaden Kabupaten Banyumas Simbolon, Camelina; Samiyarsih, Siti; Herawati, Wiwik
BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed Vol 3 No 3 (2021): BioEksakta
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.bioe.2021.3.3.4560

Abstract

Tumbuhan kantong semar (Nepenthes spp.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan karnivora yang tergolong unik, karena kantong pada Nepenthes spp. merupakan modifikasi ujung daun yang berubah bentuk dan fungsinya menjadi perangkap serangga atau hewan kecil lainnya. Kebun Raya Baturraden merupakan kawasan yang digunakan untuk konservasi berbagai jenis tumbuhan baik ex-situ maupun in-situ termasuk Nepenthes spp. /Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui karakter anatomi dan morfologi daun Nepenthes spp. yang tumbuh di kawasan Kebun Raya Baturraden, 2) menentukan karakter yang berbeda dari masing-masing spesies Nepenthes spp. yang tumbuh di kawasan Kebun Raya Baturraden berdasarkan anatomi dan morfologi daun. Penelitian dilakukan dengan observasi langsung, metode purposive sampling, pengambilan sampel daun Nepenthes spp. di rumah kaca Kebun Raya Baturaden. Pengamatan karakter anatomi daun dengan metode embedding, pewarnaan dengan safranin 1%. dalam alkohol 70%. Hasil pengamatan karakter anatomi dan morfologi dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA pada taraf kepercayaan 95% dan 99%, dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) dan pengamatan hasil pengamatan morfologi dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedelapan spesies Nepenthes memiliki struktur anatomi yang sama yang terdiri dari kutikula, epidermis, dan mesofil dengan ukuran yang bervariasi antar spesies. Karakter morfologi delapan spesies Nepenthes bervariasi antar spesies dengan ukuran yang berbeda. Tangkai daun hanya dimiliki oleh N. ampullaria, N. mirabilis, N. rafflesiana, kantong yang memiliki bentuk seperti kendi hanya dimiliki oleh N. mirabilis, N, gracilis, dan N. tobaica, warna kantong yang paling mencolok adalah N. rafflesiana. Perbedaan karakter anatomi daun kedelapan spesies Nepenthes terdapat pada lebar stomata, tebal kutikula, tebal epidermis, tebal mesofil, panjang daun, lebar daun, tangkai daun, panjang sulur, diameter kantong, bentuk kantong, warna kantong. Kata kunci: Kebun Raya Baturraden, anatomi daun, morfologi, Nepenthes spp.
Keanekaragaman Anatomi Genus Artocarpus di Wilayah Purwokerto dan Sekitarnya Jannah, Nurrohmatul; Herawati, Wiwik; Samiyarsih, Siti
BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed Vol 5 No 2 (2023): BioEksakta
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.bioe.2023.5.2.4690

Abstract

Artocarpus termasuk dalam anggota famili Moraceae yang pada umumnya merupakan tanaman penghasil buah. Genus ini mempunyai sekitar 50 jenis yang tersebar di kawasan Asia tenggara dan Asia Pasifik. Purwokerto adalah salah satu kawasan yang memiliki keanekaragaman Artocarpus namun belum banyak dikaji keragamannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman anggota genus Artocarpus dan mengetahui hubungan kemiripan anggota genus Artocarpus berdasarkan karakter anatomi daun. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Variabel yang diamati adalah karakter anatomi daun dengan parameter meliputi tebal kutikula, epidermis, mesofil, rasio palisade, ukuran stomata, tipe stomata, bentuk, jumlah stomata dan trikoma per 1 mm2 luas daun. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan untuk mengetahui hubungan kemiripannya dianalisis menggunakan metode Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmatic Average (UPGMA) dengan software MEGA 6.0.Hasil penelitian didapatkan empat spesies yang ditemukan yaitu nangka (A. heterophyllus), cempedak (A. integer), sukun (A. altilis var. non-seminiferus ) dan kluwih (A. altilis var. seminiferus). Hasil pengukuran didapatkan cempedak dan sukun mempunyai hubungan kemiripan paling jauh dengan nilai indeks disimilaritas sebesar 0.631, sedangkan hubungan kemiripan terdekat yaitu nangka dan kluwih dengan nilai indeks disimilaritas sebesar 0,086. Karakter pembeda yang memisahkan adalah panjang dan lebar serta kerapatan stomata pada setiap spesies, tipe trikoma, kerapatan trikoma, panjang dan lebar trikoma, tebal kutikula, tebal epidermis, tebal mesofil dan rasio palisade pada tiap spesies.
Histopathological Evaluation of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Strains Resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii Disease Samiyarsih, Siti; Erlina, Chindy Ayu; Muljowati, Juni Safitri; Fitrianto, Nur
PLANTA TROPIKA Vol 10, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Department of Agrotechnology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/pt.v10i1.8907

Abstract

Sclerotinia infection of stem and leaf of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. caused by the fungal pathogen of Sclerotium rolfsii has recently become more important in the Indonesian soybean production area. This study aimed to evaluate the level of resistance and intensity of infection by S. rolfsii in four soybean strains. The research was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design. The observed variables include the anatomy characteristics of leaves and stems of soybean and disease intensity caused by S. rolfsii. The data were analyzed quantitatively with the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 95% and 99% confidence level, followed by the Least Significant Difference Test (Fisher’s LSD) at the level of 5%. Soybean leaves and stem anatomy inoculated by S. rolfsii showed a decrease in the stomatal density, epidermis thickness, and mesophyll thickness as well as a damaged cuticle, damaged stem epidermis, and swollen stem cortex. Four strains inoculated by S. rolfsii showed a higher disease intensity of 40%-80% compared to the resistant cultivar ('Dering') and susceptible cultivar ('Wilis'), showing disease intensity of 20% and 40%, respectively.