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All Journal Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Biomedical Engineering Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi Majalah Obat Tradisional Majalah Farmaseutik Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia Majalah Farmasetika

Ngatidjan Ngatidjan

Departement Of Pharmacology And Therapy, Faculty Of Medicine, Public Health, And Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Author-ID : 437561

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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The acceleration of garlic (Allium sativum L) ethanolic extract on gingival wound healing process in Wistar rats Setyo Purwono, Indra Bramanti Ngatidjan
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 45, No 02 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Garlic (Allium sativum L) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to relieve pain. Garlicâs active constituents, allicin and triacremonone, have been proven to have antibacterial and antiinflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of garlic ethanolic extract gel in gingival wound healing process of rats. Thirty male Wistar rats aged 10 weeks with with body weight 200-250 g were subjected in this study. Rats were divided randomly into five groups with six rats in each group. Group I as negative control was given sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na CMC) base gel. Group II as positive control was given BenzydamineÂ® gel and Group IV-V were given garlic ethanolic extract gel at dose of 20, 40 and 80%, respectively. Each group was subdivided into two sub groups of three rats according to the decapitation period which were 5th (D-5) and 7th (D-7) day after the garlic extract gel application. Excisional wounds using punch biopsy, 2.5 mm in diameter, were created at the mandibular labial gingiva between right and left incisor teeth of the rats. The garlic extract gel of each preparation dose was then applied on the wound three times a day, starting at 0 day until 7th day. The decapitation was conducted on the D-5 and D-7. Histological slides of wounded tissue were prepared. Epithelial thickness, new blood vessel, and number of fibroblast were examined. The results showed that the epithelial thickness of garlic ethanolic extract gel groups was significantly higher than control group (p<0.05), especially after 5thday application. However, the number of new blood vessels and the amount of fibroblast of those groups were not significantly higher than control group (p>0.05). In conclusion, topical application of garlic ethanolic extract gel accelerates the gingival wound healing process in rats by increasing epithelial thickness. Â Â Â Â Keywords: garlic ethanolic extract - gingival wound healing - epithelium thickness â fibroblast - angiogenesis

Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Minyak Buah Merah (Pandanus Conoideus Lam.) Secara In Vitro dan In Vivo pada Tikus Yang Diberi Beban Aktivitas Fisik Maksimal Sandhiutami, Ni Made Dwi; Ngatidjan, Ngatidjan; Kristin, Erna
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi Vol 15 No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

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Increasing oxygen consumption during intensive physical exercise may increase production of free radicals, and if it exceeds physiological capacity may cause oxidative stress as shown as chance of MDA level. Buah merah oil contains high betacarotene and tocopherol, as well as fatty acid such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and decanoic acid. Tocopherol is major biological lipid-soluble antioxidant, protecting structures and function of cell membranes from free radicals. The objective of this study was to know in vitro antioxidant activity and the effect of buah merah oil on MDA level in blood during maximum physical activity treatment. In vitro antioxidant activity test was conducted using DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl). In vivo antioxidant activity test was done by using 24 male Wistar rats in pre - post test control group design. The rats were grouped into 4 groups. The control group was given destillated water and three treatment groups were given buah merah oil in the dose of 0,15 ml/kgBW; 0,3 ml/kgBW; 0,6 ml/kgBW respectivelyfor 10 days. Before buah merah oil was given, level of MDA was measured. Ten days later, the four group were given maximum physical activity mean of swimming until the sign of fatigue occurred (nearly drowned) and the blood was taken for blood MDA examination. In vitro, the IC50 of buah merah oil was 451,51 Î¼g/ml. In vivo test, dosage 0,15 ml/kgBW could decrease MDA 5,22% Dosage 0,3 ml/kgBW could decrease MDA 11,96% and dosage 0,6 ml/kgBW could decrease MDA 8,19% . Buah merah oil showed antioxidant activity in vitro. In vivo experiment, all dosage of buah merah oil decreased blood MDA level but in the dose of 0,3 ml/kgBW decreased MDA level more than dose of 0,15 ml/kgBW and 0,6 ml/kgBW.

Gambaran Reaksi Obat Yang Tidak Dikehendaki pada Pengobatan Tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Kabupaten “X” Yogyakarta dan Hubungannya dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Lucia VIta Inandha Dewi; Lukman Hakim; Sismindan Sismindan; Ngatidjan Ngatidjan; Soni Prabowo Putra
Majalah Farmasetika Vol. 4, Supl. 1, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/mfarmasetika.v4i0.25870

Pemantauan Reaksi Obat Tidak Dikehendaki (ROTD) perlu dilakukan pada pasien tuberkulosis untuk menjamin keamanan selama pengobatan dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien mengingat banyaknya jenis obat yang digunakan dan durasi pengobatan yang cukup lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran ROTD yang terdiri dari : jenis, jumlah kejadian, dan waktu timbul, serta mencari hubungan antara terjadinya ROTD dengan kepatuhan minum obat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan studi kohort terhadap 33 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, di beberapa puskesmas kabupaten X Yogyakarta, pada tahun 2017. Data ROTD didapat dari hasil wawancara dan pengisian lembar isian yang terdiri dari 12 macam pilihan ROTD mayor dan minor, data kepatuhan didapat dari pengisian kuesioner dengan metode Morisky Modification Adherence Scalle (MMAS)-8. Dari keseluruhan subyek yang diteliti 66,6 % mengalami ROTD, 4,5% mengalami lebih dari 5 jenis ROTD, 31,8% mengalami 3 jenis, 27,27% mengalami 2 jenis, dan 31,8% mengalami 1 jenis. Dari 12 jenis ROTD yang diamati, terdapat 51 kejadian ROTD, dengan 11,76% kategori mayor yaitu gatal pada kulit dan gangguan penglihatan, serta 88,2% kategori minor. Gangguan pencernaan adalah jenis ROTD paling banyak dialami yaitu sebanyak 69% kejadian, sementara kram otot dan demam masing-masing sebesar 1,9%. Dari 66,6% subyek yang mengalami ROTD tercatat kejadian timbulnya ROTD terbanyak terjadi pada 1 hingga 4 minggu setelah minum obat. Hasil uji chi-square antara kejadian ROTD dan tingkat kepatuhan menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kejadian ROTD dengan tingkat kepatuhan, taraf sig 0,602 > 0,05. Kejadian ROTD dialami oleh beberapa subyek penelitian terdiri dari ROTD mayor dan minor, namun tidak mempengaruhi tingkat kepatuhan minum obat pasien.

Carbonated hydroxyapatite inflammation’s responses on local rabbits Aryan Morita; Ngatidjan Ngatidjan; Setyo Purwono
Biomedical Engineering Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Biomedical Engineering

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Objective: This study aimed to find out the response of mandible inflammation implanted with carbonated hydroxyapatite. Methods: Sixty local rabbits were divided into three groups, including carbonatedhydroxyapatite (CHA) group; hydroxyapatite (HA) group; and control. Each group divided into 5 sub groups for observation in day-1, 3, 5, 7, and 14. On first day, all rabbits were anesthesized and incised to create cavity in the mandible. CHA or HA powder as much as 0,05 g were put into it. Then it was sutured using silk thread. Von Ebner method for decalcification were used followed by hematoxylin eosin staining to examine the neutrophil and macrophage. Results: The number of neutrophil, macrophage, and edema volumes in CHA group were lower than HA group. There were not any significant difference (p>0,05) between CHA, HA, and control. Conclusion: There are no mandible inflammation response in CHA implantation and HA.Key Words: CHA; edema volumes; inflammation; macrophages; neutrophils

The acceleration of garlic (Allium sativum L) ethanolic extract on gingival wound healing process in Wistar rats Indra Bramanti; . Ngatidjan; Setyo Purwono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 45, No 02 (2013)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Garlic (Allium sativum L) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to relieve pain. Garlic’s active constituents, allicin and triacremonone, have been proven to have antibacterial and antiinflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of garlic ethanolic extract gel in gingival wound healing process of rats. Thirty male Wistar rats aged 10 weeks with with body weight 200-250 g were subjected in this study. Rats were divided randomly into five groups with six rats in each group. Group I as negative control was given sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na CMC) base gel. Group II as positive control was given Benzydamine® gel and Group IV-V were given garlic ethanolic extract gel at dose of 20, 40 and 80%, respectively. Each group was subdivided into two sub groups of three rats according to the decapitation period which were 5th (D-5) and 7th (D-7) day after the garlic extract gel application. Excisional wounds using punch biopsy, 2.5 mm in diameter, were created at the mandibular labial gingiva between right and left incisor teeth of the rats. The garlic extract gel of each preparation dose was then applied on the wound three times a day, starting at 0 day until 7th day. The decapitation was conducted on the D-5 and D-7. Histological slides of wounded tissue were prepared. Epithelial thickness, new blood vessel, and number of fibroblast were examined. The results showed that the epithelial thickness of garlic ethanolic extract gel groups was significantly higher than control group (p<0.05), especially after 5thday application. However, the number of new blood vessels and the amount of fibroblast of those groups were not significantly higher than control group (p>0.05). In conclusion, topical application of garlic ethanolic extract gel accelerates the gingival wound healing process in rats by increasing epithelial thickness.

The role of transporters on drug therapy . Ngatidjan
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 47, No 01 (2015)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

ABSTRACTPharmacodynamical studies showed that most drugs elicit their effects by acting on 3 kinds of protein molecules known as receptors, enzymes or transporters. Although their detail properties had not been explained for decades the roles of transporters in drug kinetics and dynamics has been well understood, even have been applied in the therapy. Transporters are classified into 2 major classes, the solute carriers (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) families. SLC transporters do not possess ATP binding site property as those of ABC transporters. SLC transporters consist of 3 SLC subfamilies i.e. organic cation transporters (OCTs), organic anion transporters (OATs) and organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs). In contrast, ABC transporters require ATP hydrolysis to transport substrate across cell membrane. Human ABC-transporters consist of ABCA1- 13, ABCB1-11, ABCC1-12, ABCD1-4, ABCE1, ABCF1-3 and ABCG1-8 subfamily. Although the originally funtion of transporter is to transport specific physiological substrate such as nutrient, hormone, cytokines, neurotransmitters and other physiological subtances across cell membrane the specificity is not restricted to each substrate. Drugs and other xenobiotics which have structural similarity to the physiological substrates are recognized and transported by the related transporters. The competition of them on transporters therefore may lead to the occurence of drug-drug interactions (DDI) or drugphysiological substrate interaction in the drug-kinetics phase. Many transporters located in the liver, intestinal and renal epithelial cell membranes involve in the transport of endogenous substance or xenobiotics including drugs play important roles as protective barrier. Since transporters also serve as the targets of drug action it is understood that transporters play important role in the pathogenesis of diseases as well as in the drug therapy of diseases.

The influence of proton pump inhibitors on the effect of clopidogrel on the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke Endang Mahati; Jarir Atthobari; . Ngatidjan
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 47, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Patients surviving with a stroke have an increased risk for recurrent stroke. Clopidogrel iswidely used to prevent recurrent stroke. However, clopidogrel may cause gastrointestinalbleeding (GIB). Therefore, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is recommended to reduce theside effect of clopidogrel. Unfortunately, these both drugs are metabolized in the liverby the same enzyme i.e. cytochrome P4502C19 (CYP219) that may reduce the effectof clopidogrel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of PPIs on the effectof clopidogrel in the prevention of recurrent stroke. It was a hospital-based case controlstudy conducted in Bethesda Private Hospital, Yogyakarta involving 392 patients withrecurrent stroke as cases and 784 patients with first-ever stroke as controls. The exposureof PPIs during clopidogrel therapy on both cases and controls groups were recordedfrom prescription records for at least six months before index date. The duration of PPIsexposure were categorized as current expoure (less than two months before the indexdate) and recent exposure (2-6 months before the index date). The result showed therewas no influence of PPIs exposure on the effect of clopidogrel on the risk of recurrentischemic stroke (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.56-1.79). Moreover, the current use of PPIs andclopidogrel could decrease the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke (OR: 0.04; 95% CI:0.01-0.41). In conclusion, there is no association between PPI exposure and the risk ofrecurrent stroke in patients receiving clopidogrel.

The effects of furosemide on kidney damage in acute kidney injury rat models Afifah Afifah; . Ngatidjan; Nur Arfian
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 50, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

The most frequent cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) is ischemia reperfusion injuriesthat causes inflammation. Furosemide is still used in AKI’s therapy. The advantages anddisadvantages of furosemide in AKI remain controversial. The aim of the study was toinvestigate the effect of furosemide on kidney damage in AKI rat models. Twenty-fivemale (2-3 months old) Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups; sham operation(SO, n=5), ischemic-reperfusion (IR, n=5), IR+furosemide 3.6 mg/kgBW (IR+F1,n=5), IR+furosemide 7.2 mg/kgBW (IR+F2, n=5), and IR+furosemide 14.4 mg/kgBW(IR+F3, n=5). Abdominal surgery was performed under ketamine anesthesia to produceischemic reperfusion (IR) by mean of renal artery clamping for 45 min. Urine output,serum creatinine level, tubular injury score, and TLR4 gene expression were examinedto investigate kidney damage. Periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining was measured toexamine kidney tubular injury. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test with significance level of p<0.05. AKI rat models which were given 3.6 and7.2 mg/kgBW of furosemide (0.014±0.001 mL/min; and 0.012±0.007) showed higher(p>0.05) creatinine clearance compared to IR (0.009±0.003) while administration of 14.4mg/kgBW furosemide (0.009±0.004) denoted equal creatinine clearance to IR (p>0,05).Kidney tubular injury score of 3.6 mg/kgBW furosemide (2.89±0.13) was lower (p>0.05)than IR (3.26±0.19) whereas 7.2 mg/kgBW and 14.4 mg/kgBW furosemide (3.55±0.26;3.83±0.19) were higher (p<0.05) than IR. Administration of 3.6 mg/kgBW furosemide(0.99±0.08) indicated lower (p<0.05) TLR4 gene expression than IR (1.20±0.08) whilst7.2 mg/kgBW furosemide (1.23±0.13) was not-significantly higher (p>0.05) and 14.4 mg/kgBW furosemide (1.63±0.12) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than IR. In conclusion,administration of 3.6 mg/kgBW furosemide reduces kidney damage in AKI rat modelswhile higher dosages (7.2 mg/kgBW and 14.4 mg/kgBW) increase kidney damage.

Heme Polymerization Inhibition by Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A.Gray Leaves Fractions as Antiplasmodial Agent and Its Cytotoxicity on Vero Cells Rul Afiyah Syarif; Mustofa Mustofa; Ngatidjan Ngatidjan; Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 23, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Previous research revealed that the extracts and fractions of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A.Gray leaves had antiplasmodial activity in vitro. For further development as an antiplasmodial agent, the mechanisms of action and safety of compounds are important to disclose. Heme polymerization inhibition is one of the main targets of antiplasmodial action. The aim of the study was to investigate the activity of T. diversifolia fractions in inhibiting heme polymerization and its cytotoxic effect on Vero cells. Heme polymerization inhibition assay from Bassilico and cytotoxic test on Vero cell using MTT method were conducted for three fractions (F5, F6, and F7) of T. diversifolia leaves. The inhibitory activity of heme polymerization expressed as IC50 and cytotoxicity effect expressed as CC50 were determined by probit analysis. The best heme polymerization inhibition activity was F5 with IC50 = 162.20 ± 57.81 μg/mL followed by F6 and F7 with IC50 216.30 ± 26.56 and 231.54 ± 44.26 μg/mL respectively. All the fractions had a low cytotoxic effect with CC50 for F5, F6, and F7 were over than 100, 34.81 ± 9.94 and 56.26 ± 6.73 μg/mL, respectively and the toxicity index fraction is below 10 or categorized as low selectivity. Conclusion: The fraction of T. diversifolia inhibited heme polymerization in vitro and had low cytotoxic effect on Vero cells but no selective toxicity. Further research using pure compounds may improve its selectivity.

Effects of Poly-herbal Tablet as Herbal Medicine on Lipid Level Woro Rukmi Pratiwi; Eti Nurwening Sholikhah; Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih; Mia Munawaroh Yuniyanti; Mustofa Mustofa; Ngatidjan Ngatidjan
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 24, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Dyslipidemia is one of the high-risk factors that cause cardiovascular disease and the prevalence is increasing all the time. Garlic (Alii sativi) has been suggested to reduce serum lipid level. Poly-herbal is herbal medicine that has been widely used in Indonesia, and it contains Alii sativi, Belericae fructus, Curcumae aeroginosae, and Amomi fructus extract. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of poly-herbal tablet on lipid levels in dylipidemia subjects. The study was conducted for 6 weeks on 58 dyslipidemic subjects. The subject was divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was given Poly-herbal with the dose 2x1200 mg, and group 2 was not given anti-dyslipidemic drugs (control group). Serum lipid level (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides) were checked before the treatment (H0) and after the treatment (M6). There was a significant difference on the reduction of serum lipids level between the group that given Poly-herbal vs control group, respectively total cholesterol (-12.04±3.2 vs 8.38±4.3; p=.000), LDL (-4.42±2.8 vs 6.93±4.7; p=.049) and HDL (-2.62+1.0 vs 3.31+1.4; p=.005). Triglyceride level on Poly-herbal group is not significantly decreased. In Poly-herbal group there was also a decrease in HDL levels which was not statistically significant (-2.62±1, p=.015). This is probably due to the HDL baseline in the control group included in the normal HDL category (57.38 ± 14.9) so that the HDL levels after being given treatment did not increase. This study suggests that using Poly-herbal in dyslipidemia subjects can reduce the level of total cholesterol and LDL.

Co-Authors Afifah Afifah Aryan Morita Dewi, Lucia Vita Inandha Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih Endang Mahati Erna Kristin Eti Nurwening Sholikhah FARIDA HAYATI Indra Bramanti Jarir At Thobari Lukman Hakim Lukman Hakim Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih Mustofa Mustofa Mustofa Mustofa Mustofa Mustofa Mustofa Mustofa Ni Made Dwi Sandhiutami Nur Arfian Pratiwi, Woro Rukmi Rul Afiyah Syarif Setyo Purwono Setyo Purwono Sismindan Sismindan Sitarina Widyarini Soni Prabowo Putra Yuniyanti, Mia Munawaroh

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