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All Journal Reaktor Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences JURNAL SELULOSA Journal of Industrial and Information Technology in Agriculture ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Setiadi, Tjandra
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa No. 10 Bandung 40132,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics

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Optimization of Palm Frond Pulping Using a Soda-Anthraquinone Process in a Circulating Digester: A Sustainable Approach Suhendri, Suhendri; Evelyn, Evelyn; Setiadi, Tjandra; Risdianto, Hendro
Eksergi Vol 22 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.13825

Abstract

Oil palm fronds, typically discarded after pruning, have potential as a raw material due to their lignocellulosic content. This study optimizes the soda-anthraquinone pulping process using a circulating digester. It investigates the effects of cooking temperatures (140, 150, and 160°C), cooking times (120, 180, and 240 minutes), and NaOH concentrations (10%, 15%, and 20%) with 0.1% anthraquinone, employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD). Analysis with Design Expert 13 software revealed significant impacts on yield (19.01-31.00%), kappa number (9.24-15.69), and viscosity (2.91-34.45 cP). Optimal conditions were 140°C, 120 minutes, and 10% NaOH, yielding 30.57% pulp, kappa number of 13.87, and viscosity of 24.03 cP. This research underscores the environmental benefits of utilizing palm fronds, contributing to waste reduction and circular economy practices, and demonstrates the potential for industrial scalability, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional pulping methods.
Removal of Ammonium and Phosphate from Synthetic Wastewater of Complex Fertilizer Industry Through Struvite Crystallization Process Zulfikar Luthfi, Muhammad; Setiadi, Tjandra; Nury, Dennis Farina; Choerudin, Choerudin
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri Vol. 14 No. 2 (2023): November
Publisher : Balai Besar Standardisasi dan Pelayanan Jasa Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21771/jrtppi.2023.v14.no2.p23-32

Abstract

The complex fertilizer industry produces wastewater which contributes to the pollution of water bodies because it contains high levels of phosphate and ammonium concentrations and high TKN (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen) which contains organic nitrogen. The organic nitrogen contained in the complex fertilizer wastewater is urea so it can be hydrolyzed to ammonium using the urease enzyme. The ammonium formed from the hydrolysis of urea will then react with magnesium and phosphate to form struvite, a crystal of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aeration and the enzyme urease in the removal of ammonium and phosphate in complex fertilizer synthetic wastewater through struvite precipitation. Struvite precipitation was carried out in a batch reactor which had a working volume of 0.5 L with variations in aeration rate, aeration time, and the addition of urease enzyme from Jack bean peas (Canavalia ensiformis). Residual ammonium and phosphate levels were analyzed and struvite crystal formation (MAP) was determined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the aeration reactor was able to form struvite crystals and remove the ammonium and phosphate content in the synthetic wastewater of complex fertilizers. The removal of ammonium with a molar ratio of [Mg2+] : [NH4+] : [PO43-] 1:2:1 reached 61-77% at high aeration rates because a lot of ammonium was released into the air. The phosphate removal reached 99%. The urease enzyme was proven to be able to hydrolyze urea into ammonium and increase the pH value and affect the shape of the resulting struvite crystals. The precipitate product obtained was struvite crystals which were confirmed by analysis using SEM-EDX and XRD.
Co-Authors Abdul Aziz Abdul Haris Mulyadi Achmad Ali Syamsuriputra Adi Pancoro Agus Jatnika Effendi Al-Aziz, Rd. Habib R. M. T. Andi Trirakhmadi Ardiyan Harimawan Awalina Satya Bambang Veriansyah Bork Ilsemann Choerudin, Choerudin Cornelius Damar Hanung D Desiana Damir Brdjanovic Damir Brdjanovic David Rusdi Dennis Farina Nury Devianto, Hary Dewinka Anugeraheni Diah Meilany Diah Meilany Dian Shofinita Efri Mardawati Elis Sofianti Elis Sofianti Elis Sofianti ESMIRALDA Esmiralda EVELYN EVELYN Gadis Sri Haryani H Haryono Harimawan, Ardiyan Hendro Risdianto Hendro Risdianto Hendro Risdianto Hendro Risdianto Hendro Risdianto Hendro Risdianto Herriyanto Ronny Sondjaja I G B N Makertihartha I.G.B Ngurah Makertihartha Ibnu Maulana Hidayatullah Ilsemann, Bork Indrie Ratnasari Istiqomah, Noviani Arifina Khairul Hadi Burhan M.T.A.P. Kresnowati Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati Martha Aznury Martha Aznury Mike Reich Mindriany Syafila Muhammad Zulfikar Luthfi Mukti, Rendy Prayatni Soewondo Prayatni Soewondo Pusparizkita, Yustina Metanoia Rd. Habib R. M. T. Al-Aziz Reich, Mike Ronald Osmond Rusdi, David Satya, Awalina Schmahl, Wolfgang Shofinita, Dian Sri H. Suhardi Sri Harjati Suhardi Sri Harjati Suhardi Sri Harjati Suhardi Sri Harjati Suhardi Sri Haryani, Gadis Suhendri Suhendri Suraya Suraya Tan Mellisa Tantra Tantra, Tan Mellisa Thye Yoke Pean Thye Yoke Pean Trimaharika Widarena Wardono Niloperbowo Wita Dewi Sondari Wolfgang Schmahl Yustina Metanoia Pusparizkita