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All Journal Reaktor Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences JURNAL SELULOSA Journal of Industrial and Information Technology in Agriculture ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Setiadi, Tjandra
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa No. 10 Bandung 40132,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics

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Pengaruh sumber karbon terhadap produksi bioplastik polihidroksialkanoat (PHA) dengan ralstonia eutropha Martha Aznury; Tjandra Setiadi; Adi Pancoro
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 9, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2010.9.1.4

Abstract

Bioplastic Polyhidroxyalknoate (PHA) is a polyester type bioplastic with physicochemical properties resemble to those of polypropilen from petroleum. PHA production was investigated to determine the effect of carbon source on the fermentation process by Ralstonia eutropha. Specifically, Ralstonia eutropha was cultivated in a batch bioreactor to show the dynamics of P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer production from glucose or fructose as C source. In adition, the effect of volatile fatty acids addition, as stimulator to the copolymer production, was also studied. The operating conditions in a 7 L bioreactor were at temperature 30 oC and pH 7.0. The concentration of carbon source glucose or fructose was 40 g/L, and after 20 hour fermentation, volatile fatty acids were added. With volatile fatty acids addition, the resulting fructose fermentation had PHA content of 32.78%, in which the HV percentage was 11.78%. Meanwhile, the fermentation of glucose, stimulated by volatile fatty acids, gave PHA as much as 20.19% with HV percentage of 8.71%. Therefore,, the Ralstonia eutropha fermentation of fructose as the carbon source gave a higher yield than glucose. Keywords: Volatil Fatty Acid, Fructose, Glucose, PHA, P(3HB-co-3HV), Ralstonia eutropha AbstrakBioplastik polihidroksialkanoat (PHA) adalah bioplastik dari kelompok poliester dengan sifat fisikokimia mirip dengan plastik polipropilen dari minyak bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh sumber karbon terhadap poduksi PHA yang dilakukan dengan proses fermentasi menggunakan Ralstonia eutropha. Ralstonia eutropha dikultivasi dalam bioreaktor batch untuk mempelajari dinamika produksi kopolimer P(3HB-co-3HV) dari sumber karbon glukosa atau fruktosa, serta mempelajari pengaruh sumber stimulator asam lemak volatil. Kondisi operasional fermentasi menggunakan bioreaktor 7 L adalah pada temperatur 30 oC dan pH 7. Konsentrasi sumber karbon glukosa atau fruktosa yang digunakan adalah 40 gr/L, dan setelah 20 jam fermentasi ditambahkan asam lemak volatil yang berfungsi sebagai stimulator dalam produksi P(3HB-co-3HV). Panen sel Ralstonia eutropha dilakukan setelah 60 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan fermentasi Ralstonia eutropha dengan substrat fruktosa dan asam lemak volatil sebagai stimulator mempunyai kandungan PHA sebesar 32,78%, dengan kadar HV 11,78%. Pada pemberian substrat glukosa dan asam lemak volatil menunjukkan kandungan PHA sebesar 20,19%, dengan kadar HV 8.71%. Jadi fermentasi Ralstonia eutropha dengan menggunakan substrat fruktosa memberikan yield yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan menggunakan substrat glukosa.Kata Kunci: Asam lemak volatil, fruktosa, glukosa, PHA, P(3HB-co-3HV), Ralstonia eutropha
Permodelan reaktor sharon dengan umpan urea-amonia Tjandra Setiadi; Indrie Ratnasari; Trimaharika Widarena
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 6, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2007.6.2.4

Abstract

SHARON (Single reactor High activity Ammonia Removal Over Nitrite)-Anammox (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) has never been used for treating wastewater with high urea content. Three prior researches have been done to examine the performance of SHARON process with urea-ammonia feed but the results are still unable to explain its performance. To explain these results, a model of SHARON process is needed to be built. Based on material balances of SHARON process in a stirred tank reactor, a model was built. The model is nonlinear differential equation system and was solved using Least Square Method with the help of MATLAB. The simulation result shows that nitrate was always occurred in the effluent of the SHARON process. Based on this research, equimolar nitrite to ammonia ratio can be obtained only if the feed is equimolar in urea and bicarbonate composition. Optimized kinetic parameter obtained are μmaxamm = 1,16E-05 s-1, μmaxnit = 3,998E-05 s-1, KNH3amm = 3,346E-02 mol mL-3, Kl,HNO2amm = 1,45E-02 mol mL-3, Kl,HNO2amm = 6,14E-03 mol mL-3. This result show that there are inhibition in oxidizing ammonium in the reactor and inhibition on growth of the nitrite oxidizer. Keywords : modelling, SHARON, urea-ammonia, kinetic parameter Abstrak Proses SHARON (Single reactor High activity Ammonia Removal Over Nitrite)-Anammox (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) belum pernah digunakan untuk mengolah air limbah dengan konsentrasi urea tinggi. Data-data yang diperoleh dari percobaan pendahuluan belum dapat menjelaskan unjuk kerja reaktor SHARON dengan umpan berupa urea-amonia. Oleh karena itu, perlu disusun pemodelan matematika untuk menentukkan parameter kinetika pertumbuhan mikroba dan parameter stoikiometrik reaksi yang terjadi pada reaktor SHARON. Penyusunan model dilakukan berdasarkan neraca massa reaktor tangka reaktor kontinyu berpengaduk. Model yang dihasilkan berupa system model menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi nitrat sama dengan nol pada keluaran reaktor SHARON dengan umpan urea-amonia tidak dapat dicapai. Untuk mendapatkan nisbah nitrit terhadap nitrat yang ekuimolar, diperlukan umpan dengan komposisi urea dan bikarbonat yang ekuimolar. Parameter kinetic yang diperoleh dari hasil optimasi model adalah μmaxamm = 1,16E-05 s-1, μmaxnit = 3,998E-05 s-1, KNH3amm = 3,346E-02 mol mL-3, Kl,HNO2amm = 1,45E-02 mol mL-3, Kl,HNO2amm = 6,14E-03 mol mL-3. Kata Kunci : pemodelan, SHARON, urea-amonia, parameter kinetik
Optimization of Laccase Production using White Rot Fungi and Agricultural Wastes in Solid-State Fermentation Hendro Risdianto; Elis Sofianti; Sri Harjati Suhardi; Tjandra Setiadi
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 44 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.eng.sci.2012.44.2.1

Abstract

Abstract. Laccase has been produced in a solid-state fermentation (SSF) process using white rot fungi and various  lignocellulose-based substrates.  The white  rot fungi  used  were  Marasmius  sp.,  Trametes  hirsuta,  Trametes  versicolor  and Phanerochaete  crysosporium.  The  solid  substrates  employed  in  this  research were collected from  agricultural  waste, specifically  empty fruit bunches (EFB), rice  straw,  corncobs  and  rice  husks.  The  objective  of  this  research  was  to determine  the  most  promising  fungus,  the  best  solid  substrate  and  the  optimal conditions for the production of laccase.  The  results showed that  Marasmius  sp. on all solid substrates displayed  a  higher laccase activity than that of  any  other strain  of  white  rot  fungi.  Marasmius  sp.  and  a  solid  substrate  of  rice  straw demonstrated  the  highest  laccase  activity  of  1116.11  U/L  on  day  10.  Three significant  factors,  i.e.  pH,  temperature  and  yeast  extract  concentration,  were studied by  the  response surface method on laccase production using  Marasmius sp.  and rice straw. The optimized conditions were  a  pH, temperature and yeast extract concentration of 4.9, 31ºC and 0.36 g/L,  respectively.  The fermentation of  Marasmius  sp.  in  SSF  on agricultural  waste  shows  a  great  potential  for  the production of laccase.
A Case Study of Excreta Disposal Following the 2006 Java Earthquake* Thye Yoke Pean; Agus Jatnika Effendi; Prayatni Soewondo; Damir Brdjanovic; Tjandra Setiadi
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 47 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2015.47.2.9

Abstract

Providing safe excreta disposal following disasters is important for disease prevention and the safety and dignity of the affected population. This is challenging because every emergency varies due to the nature of the disaster, local conditions and the characteristics of the affected population. This paper investigates the impact of the 2006 Java earthquake on excreta disposal needs and the response to those needs. Relevant documents were retrieved from the ReliefWeb database, complemented by a literature search. The case study highlights gaps in rapidly providing latrines on a large scale. Three months after the disaster, only 57% of the latrines targeted had been provided. One way to address this problem is to better understand the factors affecting excreta disposal needs and response, allowing appropriate solutions to be identified more effectively.
Microbial Production of Xylitol from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hydrolysate: Effects of Inoculum and pH Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati; Tjandra Setiadi; Tan Mellisa Tantra; David Rusdi
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 48 No. 5 (2016)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2016.48.5.2

Abstract

Considering its high content of hemicellulose, oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) lignocellulosic biomass waste from palm oil processing has the potential to be utilized as the raw material for the production of xylitol, a low calorie, low GI, and anti cariogenic alternative sugar with similar sweetness to sucrose. This research explored the possibility of converting EFB to xylitol via green microbial fermentation, in particular the effects of inoculum and initial pH on the fermentation performance. It was observed that the cell concentration in the inoculum and the initial pH affect cell growth and xylitol production. pH 5 was observed to give the best fermentation performance. Further, the fermentation tended to yield more xylitol at higher initial cell concentration. It was also observed that no growth or fermentation inhibitory compounds were found in the EFB hydrolysate obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of EFB. Thus it can be used directly as substrate for xylitol fermentation.
Non-linear Isotherm Models, Cadmium Kinetics, and Biosorption Thermodynamics of Dried Biomass of Native Aphanothece sp. in a Batch System Awalina Satya; Ardiyan Harimawan; Gadis Sri Haryani; Tjandra Setiadi
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 49 No. 5 (2017)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2017.49.5.5

Abstract

Dried biosorbent was prepared from Aphanothece sp. cyanobacteria harvested from a photobioreactor system fed with atmospheric carbon dioxide. Cadmium-ion biosorption of the prepared biosorbent from aqueous solution was characterized by non-linear (Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin"“Radushkevich) isotherms, non-linear kinetics (pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order) and thermodynamic analysis. The optimum conditions were pH 8.0, 30°C, 0.1 g/L biomass, and 60 min contact time. The biosorption efficiencies exceeded 90%. The low-range data (initial Cd concentration C0 = 1.09"“6.23 mg/L) and high-range data (C0 = 5.41"“83.07 mg/L) were best fitted to the Langmuir model, with maximum uptake capacities of 12.01 and 187.5 mg/g (R2 = 0.995 and 0.996). In the Dubinin"“Radushkevich isotherm model, the mean biosorption energy was 12.91 kJ/mol, suggesting that ion exchange was the working mechanism. The biosorption apparently followed pseudo second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.994"“0.999; k2 = 2.04 E-03 to 3.86 E-02 g/mg min). The biosorption process was energetically feasible (∆G0 = −13.47"“−8.88 kJ/mol), exothermic (∆H0 = −74.82 kJ/mol) and tended to become more ordered (∆S0 = −0.204 kJ/mol K) towards the end of the process. The biosorbent was reusable through three adsorption/desorption cycles in 1 M HCl.
Influence of Electrode Distance on Electrical Energy Production of Microbial Fuel Cell using Tapioca Wastewater Ardiyan Harimawan; Hary Devianto; Rd. Habib R. M. T. Al-Aziz; Dian Shofinita; Tjandra Setiadi
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 50 No. 6 (2018)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2018.50.6.7

Abstract

Microbial fuel cell is one alternative technology that can be used to simultaneously solve problems related with wastewater production and energy demand. This study investigates the influence of electrode distance on power density in microbial fuel cell using tapioca wastewater. Graphite sheet without metal catalyst was used for both electrodes, separated by Nafion membranes. Four variations of electrode distance were used. MFC with highest electrode distance give the highest equilibrium OCV (676 mV), while the MFC with shortest electrode distance give the highest power density (7.74 mW/m2). EIS measurement suggested that the charge transfer resistance is dominant in all MFC configuration. Wastewater COD removal were in the range of 35-46 %, which were in accordance with the power density for all MFC.
Evaluation of Bio-Corrosion on Carbon Steel by Bacillus Megaterium in Biodiesel and Diesel Oil Mixture Yustina Metanoia Pusparizkita; Wolfgang Schmahl; Tjandra Setiadi; Bork Ilsemann; Mike Reich; Hary Devianto; Ardiyan Harimawan
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 52 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2020.52.3.5

Abstract

Biodiesel can act as carbon source for bacterial metabolisms, leading to corrosion of carbon steel. In this study, the corrosion of carbon steel by biodiesel blends (B15, B20, B30) was observed in the presence of Bacillus megaterium. The effect of biodiesel concentration on microorganism-induced corrosion was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscope (EIS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and digital microscope. The results showed that under various biodiesel concentrations, Bacillus megaterium can grow and form biofilm on carbon steel. Based on the impedance analysis, their presence can increase the corrosion rate and cause pitting corrosion because the biofilm can change the electrochemical reactions in the metal or the interface solution and the kinetics of the anodic cathodic reactions. Also, Bacillus megaterium produces acid metabolites and can oxidize iron. Besides being influenced by Bacillus megaterium activities, the pitting formed on carbon steel depends on the biodiesel concentration. The results showed a great deal of shallow pit formation in B30, exacerbating the severity of metal roughness.
KINETIC STUDY OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS Diah Meilany; Efri Mardawati; Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati; Tjandra Setiadi
Reaktor Volume 17 No. 4 Desember 2017
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (624.234 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.17.4.197-202

Abstract

As  lignocellulosic biomass, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) can be used as the source of xylose that can be further utilized as the raw material for xylitol production. The processing of OPEFB to xylose comprises of pretreatment and hydrolysis that can be performed enzymatically. This process offers the advantages of moderate operation conditions and more environmentally friendly. This article describes the kinetic study of enzymatic hydrolysis process of OPEFB for producing xylose using self-prepared and commercial xylanase enzymes. Despite the possible mass transfer limitation, the Michaelis Menten kinetics was hypothesized. The results indicated that the reaction at pH 5 and 60°C followed the Michaelis Menten kinetics,  with Vm of 0.84 g/L-h and Km of 48.5 g/L  for the commercial enzyme, and Vm of 0,38 g/L-h and Km of 0,37 g/L for the self-prepared enzyme. The reaction is affected by temperature, with Ea of 8.6 kcal/gmol. The performance of self-prepared xylanase enzyme was not yet as good as the commercial enzyme, Cellic Htec 2. Keywords: enzymatic hydrolysis; kinetics parameter; OPEFB; xylanase; xylose
The Effects of Operational Conditions in Scaling Up of Xylanase Enzyme Production for Xylitol Production Diah Meilany; Dewinka Anugeraheni; Abdul Aziz; Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati; Tjandra Setiadi
Reaktor Volume 20 No.1 March 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (489.532 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.20.1.32-37

Abstract

The biological route to produce xylitol from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFBs) comprises of EFBs pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and downstream separation of the produced xylitol. Due to the specificity in the hemicellulose composition of EFBs, a xylanase enzyme that has a high affinity to EFBs is required to hydrolyze the EFBs into xylose. In this research, the influences of aeration, humidity, and mixing in xylanase production were mapped. The xylanase production was performed by Aspergillus fumigatus ITBCCL170 in a solid-state fermentation using a tray fermenter with EFBs as the substrate. The optimal configuration was further scaled up into xylanase production using 1000 g of EFBs as the substrate. The results showed that the highest enzyme activity was 236.3 U/g EFB, obtained from the use of humid air airflow of 0.1 LPM, and mixing was performed once a day. The scaling up resulted in a lower xylanase activity and call for a better design of the fermenter.Keywords: aeration, humidity, mixing, OPEFBs, tray fermenter, xylanase, xylitol
Co-Authors Abdul Aziz Abdul Haris Mulyadi Achmad Ali Syamsuriputra Adi Pancoro Agus Jatnika Effendi Al-Aziz, Rd. Habib R. M. T. Andi Trirakhmadi Ardiyan Harimawan Awalina Satya Bambang Veriansyah Bork Ilsemann Choerudin, Choerudin Cornelius Damar Hanung D Desiana Damir Brdjanovic Damir Brdjanovic David Rusdi Dennis Farina Nury Devianto, Hary Dewinka Anugeraheni Diah Meilany Diah Meilany Dian Shofinita Efri Mardawati Elis Sofianti Elis Sofianti Elis Sofianti ESMIRALDA Esmiralda EVELYN EVELYN Gadis Sri Haryani H Haryono Harimawan, Ardiyan Hendro Risdianto Hendro Risdianto Hendro Risdianto Hendro Risdianto Hendro Risdianto Hendro Risdianto Herriyanto Ronny Sondjaja I G B N Makertihartha I.G.B Ngurah Makertihartha Ibnu Maulana Hidayatullah Ilsemann, Bork Indrie Ratnasari Istiqomah, Noviani Arifina Khairul Hadi Burhan M.T.A.P. Kresnowati Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati Martha Aznury Martha Aznury Mike Reich Mindriany Syafila Muhammad Zulfikar Luthfi Mukti, Rendy Prayatni Soewondo Prayatni Soewondo Pusparizkita, Yustina Metanoia Rd. Habib R. M. T. Al-Aziz Reich, Mike Ronald Osmond Rusdi, David Satya, Awalina Schmahl, Wolfgang Shofinita, Dian Sri H. Suhardi Sri Harjati Suhardi Sri Harjati Suhardi Sri Harjati Suhardi Sri Harjati Suhardi Sri Haryani, Gadis Suhendri Suhendri Suraya Suraya Tan Mellisa Tantra Tantra, Tan Mellisa Thye Yoke Pean Thye Yoke Pean Trimaharika Widarena Wardono Niloperbowo Wita Dewi Sondari Wolfgang Schmahl Yustina Metanoia Pusparizkita