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Journal : International Journal of Renewable Energy Development

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrochar and Bio-oil from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sargassum sp. using Choline Chloride (ChCl) Catalyst Rustamaji, Heri; Prakoso, Tirto; Rizkiana, Jenny; Devianto, Hary; Widiatmoko, Pramujo; Guan, Guoqing
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.42595

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to alter the biomass of Sargassum sp. into elective fills and high valuable biomaterials in a hydrothermal process at 200oC for 90 minutes, using ZnCl2 and CaCl2 activating agents, withChClas a catalyst. This method generatedthree primaryoutputs: hydrochar, bio-oil, and gasproducts. ChCl to water ratio varies from 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1. The hydrochar yield improved when the catalyst ratio was increased, but the bio-oil and gas yield declined. The highest hydrochar yields were 76.95, 63.25, and 44.16 percent in ZnCl2, CaCl2, and no activating agent samples, respectively.The porosity analysis observed mesopore structures with the most pore diameters between 3.9-5.2 nm with a surface area between 44.71-55.2. The attribute of interaction between activator and catalyst plays a role in pore formation. The hydrochar products with CaCl2 showed the best thermal stability. From the whole experiment, the optimum hydrochar yield (76.95%), optimum surface area (55.42 m2 g-1), and the increase in carbon content from 21.11 to 37.8% were achieved at the ratio of ChCl to water was three, and the activating agent of ZnCl2. The predominant bio-oil components were hexadecane, hexadecanoic, and 9-octadecenoic acids, with a composition of 51.65, 21.44, and 9.87%, respectively the remaining contained aromatic alkanes and other fatty acids. The findings of this study reported that adding activating agents and catalysts improve hydrochar yield and characteristics of hydrochar and bio-oil products, suggesting the potential of hydrochar as a solid fuel or biomaterial and bio-oil as liquid biofuel
Co-Authors Akiko Tanaka Akiko Tanaka Aqsha Aqsha Arry K. Rizky Aryan Fathoni Amri Astri Nur Istyami Astri Nur Istyami Bryan Bryan Bustomi, Agus Tendi Ahmad Dadan Kusdiana Dadan Kusdiana Daniel Yonathan, Daniel Danu Wicaksana DARMANSYAH . Devianto, Hary Endar Puspawiningtiyas Eviani, Mitra Fanany, Muhammad Rifki Febriyanto, Pramahadi Godlief F. Neonufa Gozali, Edbert Guan, Guoqing Gultom, Cristy Hagi Guoqing Guan Hanifah Widiastuti Hary Devianto Hary Devianto Hary Devianto Heri Rustamaji Ida Bagus Oka Lyong Budhatama Indarto, Antonius Indra G. Pasaribu Isdiriayani Nurdin Istyami, Astri Nur Jenny Rizkiana Jenny Rizkiana Johnner P. Sitompul Kembara Alam, Alif Kurniawan, Indra B M.T.A.P. Kresnowati Makertihartha, I Gusti Bagus Ngurah Maria Mahardini Sakanti Mario C. Gultom Meiti Pratiwi Meiti Pratiwi Meiti Pratiwi Melyna, Ella Mitra Eviani Nainggolan, Federiko Markus Lasardo Nugroho, R Heru Parncheewa Udomsap Parncheewa Udomsap Pilanda Lembono Pradana, Yano Surya Pramujo Widiatmoko Pramujo Widiatmoko Pramujo Widiatmoko Pramujo Widiatmoko Retno G. Dewi Rizkiana, Jenny Roy Winarso S Subagjo Saputera, Wibawa Hendra Sarastri Cintya Hapsari Sari, Myra Wardati Septhian Marno Setyo Yanus Sasongko Shinichi Goto Shinichi Goto Simparmin br Ginting Soerawidjaja, Tatang H. Subagjo Subagjo Tantra Diwa Larasati Tatang H Soerawidjaja Tatang H. Soerawidjaja Tatang H. Soerawidjaja Tatang H. Soerawidjaja Tatang H. Soerawidjaja Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja Toshihiro Hirotsu Toshihiro Hirotsu Widdy Andya Fanny Widiatmoko, Pramujo Yoel Pasae