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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease

Tomohiro Kotaki, Tomohiro

Center for Infectious Disease, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine

Author-ID : 508683

Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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ANALYSI S ON SECONDARY I NFECTI ON- TRI GGERI NG MICROORGANISMS IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS AS A MODEL FOR POLICY CONTROL Rahayu, Retno Pudji; Nasronudin, Nasronudin; Indrawati, Retno; Widiyanti, Prihartini; Lukito, Bimo Dwi; Ferdiansyah, Ferdiansyah; Khairunisa, Siti Qomariyah; Mutamsari, Adiana; Kotaki, Tomohiro
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 5 No. 4 (2015)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

HIV infection is associated with immune-compromised and rising in opportunistic infection (secondary infection). Therefore, the number of mortality caused by HIV/AIDS is increasing. The use of ARV and development of HIV/AIDS management are expected to suppress the progress of HIV infection into AIDS and, therefore, the mortality can be diminished, while in fact most of the patients eventually suffer from AIDS due to secondary infection that commonly causes death. There should be a management by analysing microorganisms that trigger secondary infection. The method of this study was observational descriptive with cross sectional design. HIV infected blood samples were using ELISA Antibody (IgG and IgM) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on laboratory test. The result showed correlation between HIV/AIDS severity and the amount and types of secondary infection. The most common secondary infections were toxoplasm (96.77%), hepatitis C (22.58%), tuberculosis (19.35%), and hepatitis B (3.22%). Other less frequent secondary infections, which were quite difficult to diagnose and not commonly found in Indonesia, were West Nile Virus (25.81%), Japanese Encephalitis Virus (3.22%), and Enterovirus (3.22%). Due to MDGs (Millenium Development Goals) target and the results above, researchers are highly demanded to contribute in decreasing mortality related to AIDS through early detection of secondary infection,including type of infection which have not been commonly found in Indonesia, such as West Nile Virus and Nipah Virus. The discovery of secondary infection in this study was not enough to suppress the occurrence of infection in HIV/AIDS patients. Antimicrobes and good nutrition are required. Moreover, there should be either a primary or secondary prophylaxis to prevent secondary infection that raises the number of mortality and morbidity of HIV/AIDS patients. The result of this study was to meet the target of MDGs by establishing new policies in handling HIV/AIDS infections and have potential as model for policy control in HIV/AIDS.

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF COPPER(II)CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE AGAINST DENGUE VIRUS TYPE-2 IN VERO CELL Sucipto, Teguh Hari; Churrotin, Siti; Setyawati, Harsasi; Kotaki, Tomohiro; Martak, Fahimah; Soegijanto, Soegeng
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 4 (2017)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Infection of dengue virus (DENV) was number of globally significant emerging pathogen. Antiviral dengue therapies ar importantly needed to control emerging dengue. Dengue virus (DENV) is mosquito-borne arboviruses responsible for causing acute systemic diseases and grievous health conditions in humans. To date, there is no clinically approved dengue vaccine or antiviral for humans, even though there have been great efforts towards this end. Copper and copper compounds have more effective in inactivation viruses, likes an influenza virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Purpose in this project was investigated of Copper(II)chloride Dihydrate antiviral compound were further tested for inhibitory effect on the replication of DENV-2 in cell culture. DENV replication was measures by Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with selectivity index value (SI) was determined as the ratio of cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) to inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) for compound. The maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Copper(II)chloride Dihydrate against dengue virus type-2 was 0.13 Î¼g/ml. The cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of compound against Vero cell was 5.03 Î¼g/ml. The SI values for Copper(II)chloride Dihydrate 38.69. Result of this study suggest that Copper(II)chloride Dihydrate demonstated significant anti-DENV-2 inhibitory activities and not toxic in the Vero cells. Copper mechanisms play an important role in the prevention of copper toxicity, exposure to excessive levels of copper can result in a number of adverse health effects, as a result increased reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage to lipid, DNA, and proteins have been observed in human cell culture models or clinical syndromes of severe copper deficiency and inhibition was attributed to released cupric ions which react with cysteine residues on the surface of the protease.

INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF COBALT(II)–MORIN COMPLEX AGAINST THE REPLICATION OF DENGUE VIRUS TYPE 2 Sucipto, Teguh Hari; Churrotin, Siti; Setyawati, Harsasi Setyawati; Mulyatno, Kris Cahyo; Amarullah, Ilham Harlan; Ueda, Shuhai; Kotaki, Tomohiro; Sumarsih, Sri; Wardhani, Puspa; Bendryman, Sri Subekti; Aryati, Aryati; Soegijanto, Soegeng; Kameoka, Masanori
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 6 (2017)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Dengue virus (DENV) is a significant pathogen emerging worldwide as a cause of infectious disease. Antidengue treatments are urgently required to control the emergence of dengue. DENV is a mosquito-borne disease responsible for acute systemic diseases and serious health conditions. DENVs were distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical areas and transmitted to humans by Aedes agypty and Aedes albopictus. Dengue vaccine or antiviral has not yet been clinically approved for humans, even though there have been great efforts toward this end. Antiviral activity against DENV is an important alternative for the characterization and development of drugs. Metal–organic compounds were reported to exhibit fungicidal, bactericidal, and antiviral activities its inhibitory activity was not significant, at high concentration it was more toxic to replicating cells than to stationary cell monolayers of Vero cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the antiviral effects of Cobalt(II)–Morin complex. This compound was further investigated for its inhibitory effect on the replication of DENV-2 in Vero cells. The replication of DENV was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the value of selectivity index (SI). SI was determined as the ratio of the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) to the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). The IC50 value of the Cobalt(II)–Morin complex for DENV-2 was 3.08 µg/ml, and the CC50 value of the complex for Vero cells was 3.36 µg/ml; thus, the SI value was 1.09. The results of this study demonstrate the antidengue serotype 2 inhibitory activity of Cobalt(II)–Morin complex and its high toxicity in Vero cells. Further studies are not required before Co(II)–Morin can be applied in the treatment of DENV-2 infections.

Co-Authors Achmad Ardianto, Achmad Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum Adiana Mutamsari, Adiana Amaliah Labiqah, Amaliah Arif Ansori, Arif Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori Aryati Aryati Atsushi Yamanaka, Atsushi Atsusi Yamanaka, Atsusi Bimo Dwi Lukito, Bimo Dwi Budi Utomo Desiana W. Sari, Desiana W. Dwi Wahyu Indriati, Dwi Wahyu Dyah Wikanesthi, Dyah Eiji Konichi, Eiji Eiji Konishi, Eiji Fahimah Martak Ferdiansyah Ferdiansyah Harsasi Setyawati Ilham Harlan Amarullah Juniastuti Juniastuti Kris Cahyo Mulyanto, Kris Cahyo Kris Cahyo Mulyatno, Kris Cahyo M. Qushay, M. Maria Inge Lusida Masa Nori Kamioka, Masa Nori Masanori Kameoka, Masanori Meilani Meilani, Meilani Muhammad Qushai Yunifiar M, Muhammad Qushai Nasronudin Nasronudin Nur Ahwanah, Nur Pemta Deka, Pemta Prihartini Widiyanti Retno Indrawati Roestamadji Retno Pudji Rahayu Shuhei Ueda, Shuhei Siti Churotin, Siti Siti Churrotin, Siti Siti Qamariyah Khairunisa, Siti Qamariyah Siti Qomariyah Khairunisa, Siti Qomariyah Soegeng Soegijanto Sri Subekti Sri Sumarsih Teguh Hari Sucipto, Teguh Hari Teguh Sucipto, Teguh Tigor Yeheskiel, Tigor Ueda, Shuhai Wardhani, Puspa

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