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All Journal JURNAL MAGISTER HUKUM UDAYANA Masalah-Masalah Hukum FIAT JUSTISIA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Journal of Innovation and Applied Technology Arena Hukum REKAYASA Jurnal Akta Current Trends in Aquatic Science International Journal of Business, Law, and Education International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) RechtIdee Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy
Rika Kurniaty
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Neuroscience Physics Social Sciences Other

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INTEGRATION OF REFUGEE PROTECTION PRINCIPLES IN THE ENFORCEMENT OF CRIMINAL LAW ON HUMAN SMUGGLING IN INDONESIA: A STUDY OF THE ROHINGYA ETHNIC SMUGGLING CASE Mita Syahfitri Panjaitan; Rika Kurniaty; Faizin Sulistiofaizinl@ub.ac.id
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21731615

Abstract

The increasing influx of Rohingya refugees into Indonesia has created complex legal issues as it involves human smuggling crimes, immigration law, as well as refugee protection and human rights. Rohingya refugees, who are stateless persons and have been subjected to prolonged persecution in Myanmar, are often targeted by transnational organized crime networks that facilitate their illegal cross-border movement. This situation raises questions regarding the extent to which Indonesian criminal law is capable of addressing human smuggling crimes involving Rohingya refugees, integrating international refugee protection principles, and providing adequate protection for refugees as victims.This study is a normative legal research employing conceptual, statutory, and philosophical approaches. The legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources obtained through library research and internet-based documentation, which are then analyzed using deductive, inductive, systematic, interpretative, and comparative methods, as well as case-based analysis of legislation and court decisions related to the smuggling of Rohingya refugees.The findings show that Indonesian criminal law has established a relatively comprehensive normative framework through the Immigration Law, the Indonesian Penal Code, and the ratification of the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) and its Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants. In addition, the principles of non-penalization, non-refoulement, and humanitarian protection have been substantively integrated into law enforcement practices, although Indonesia has not yet ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol.This research proposes a victim-oriented criminal law model through the integration of international refugee protection principles, recognition of restitution as a right of refugee victims, and the provision of safe, decent, and humane shelter, in order to achieve legal certainty, substantive justice, and the protection of human dignity.
The Paradox of the ASEAN Way in Environmental Law Enforcement: A Case Study of Transboundary Haze Pollution Muhammad Alif Isbi; Rika Kurniaty; Patricia Audrey Ruslijanto
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i1.1430

Abstract

The ASEAN Way, as ASEAN’s distinctive diplomatic approach grounded in the principles of non-intervention, consensus, and respect for state sovereignty, has long been regarded as effective in preserving regional stability and political cohesion. Nevertheless, this approach faces serious limitations when addressing transboundary environmental problems, particularly the recurring haze pollution caused by forest and land fires in Southeast Asia. This article argues that a normative tension exists between the ASEAN Way and the principles of international environmental law in the governance of transboundary haze pollution. This study employs normative juridical research through statutory and conceptual analysis and applies a comparative legal approach to examine the implementation of the ASEAN Way within the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP). The findings demonstrate a significant mismatch between the ASEAN Way and core principles of international environmental law, particularly due to the absence of effective enforcement mechanisms, explicit state responsibility, and compensation arrangements. As a result, regional accountability remains weak and legal protection for affected states is limited. This article proposes a reformulation of the ASEAN Way through the adoption of responsible sovereignty, a graduated consensus mechanism, stronger regional compliance arrangements, burden-sharing, and broader participation of non-state actors in order to make ASEAN’s environmental governance more adaptive and effective.
Co-Authors Abdul Aziz Amin Adi Tiya Yanuar Andi Kurniawan Andika Kurniawan Aria Roby Putra Bayu Akbar Wicaksono Citra Satrya Utama Dewi Faizin Sulistiofaizinl@ub.ac.id Gatot Ardian Herman Suryokumoro Ikaningtyas Ikaningtyas Kartikaningsih, Hartati Letizia Dessy Andreassari Lina Asmara Wati Lukman Hakim Lutfi Ni'matus Salamah Lutfi Ni’matus Salamah M. Nasirudin Yahya Milda Istiqomah Mita Syahfitri Panjaitan Muhammad Alif Isbi Muhammad Amenan Patricia Audrey Ruslijanto Reka Dewantara Rhytia Ayu Christianty Putri Riski Agung Lestariadi Setyo Widagdo Setyo Widagdo Sukarmi, Sukarmi Supriyadi Supriyadi Tri Budi Prayodo Tri Budi Prayoga Yahya Yahya Yogita Ayu Dwi Susanti Zulkisam Pramudia