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Clinical Implications of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and its Detection Methods- A Systematic Review Dian Pitaloka Priasmoro; Yuni Asri
Journal Of Nursing Practice Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas STRADA Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30994/jnp.v8i1.524

Abstract

Background: A common symptom of SAD is significant impairment in interpersonal relationships that can affect various aspects of life as well as daily functioning and lead to decreased quality of life. Individuals with high social anxiety will tend to withdraw from social environments. Purpose: This can eventually lead to loneliness and depression. Therefore, early detection is needed to find a diagnosis early on and prevent the condition from worsening. This review aims to determine the clinical picture in patients with SAD and to find out the instruments that /have been used for clinical enforcement in the field. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search for full-text articles comprising case reports, case-control studies, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies published between January 1, 2013, and December 30, 2023. The search encompassed databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, SAGE, and Scopus. It's important to note that this review does not delve into other clinical conditions associated with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), such as anxiety and depression, as they have been addressed in separate discussions. Additionally, the identification of anxiety and depression is excluded from this review. Results: Out of 78 articles that were screened, only 56 met the eligibility criteria to be selected for further review. The initial steps that need to be taken include 1) defining the research objectives; 2) establishing inclusion criteria; 3) developing a search strategy for data retrieval or study selection; 4) collecting data; 5) assessing the quality of studies; and 6) synthesizing the results. Risk of bias was performed using FEAT principles and reviewers’ discussion. A total of 11 final articles that were reviewed showed a significant correlation between anxiety disorder and detection. Conclusion: As individuals with SAD are large in number, based on this review, early detection is required using methods used by local health regions such as through interviews or clinical symptom assessment. This aims to find cases as quickly as possible and provide appropriate interventions.
Exploring 4-7-8 Breathing for Stress Relief and Improved Quality of Life in Chronic and Degenerative Diseases: A Scoping Review Dian Pitaloka Priasmoro; Yuni Asri; Rifzul Maulina
Proceeding International Conference Of Innovation Science, Technology, Education, Children And Health Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Proceeding of The International Conference of Inovation, Science, Technology, E
Publisher : Program Studi DIII Rekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/icistech.v5i1.190

Abstract

Chronic and degenerative diseases have a profound effect on patients' overall well-being, often accompanied by psychological distress such as anxiety and chronic stress. While pharmacological treatments are commonly used, they may have limitations, including accessibility issues and side effects, which have prompted interest in non-pharmacological interventions. This scoping review aims to systematically map and synthesize the empirical evidence on the physiological and psychological effects of the 4-7-8 breathing technique, a structured slow-breathing method that involves inhaling for 4 seconds, holding the breath for 7 seconds, and exhaling for 8 seconds. The review adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines and included 15 studies published between 2013 and 2024. These studies examined diverse populations and employed various methodological approaches. The findings were categorized into five major themes: (1) the 4-7-8 technique's effectiveness in reducing stress and anxiety, (2) improvements in cardiovascular markers such as heart rate variability and blood pressure, (3) its adaptability in both clinical and community-based multimodal interventions, (4) its preventive benefits for healthy individuals, and (5) its impact on parasympathetic activity via vagal pathways, enhancing autonomic regulation and emotional stability. The technique is supported by both theoretical and empirical evidence, positioning it as an accessible, low-cost psychoregulatory intervention. The results suggest that the 4-7-8 breathing technique could play a key role in holistic nursing care, health education, and public health promotion strategies, offering a simple yet effective approach to managing stress, improving mental health, and enhancing cardiovascular health. Future studies could explore long-term benefits and its integration into more diverse health interventions.