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Return Migration and Entrepreneurship: Does Human Capital Matter? Syafitri, Wildan; Setyanti, Axellina Muara; Finuliyah, Firdaus
Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Education (APJME) Vol 7, No 1 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : AIBPM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32535/apjme.v7i1.2921

Return migration is a topic of considerable interest in scholarly literature, with many studies suggesting that returning migrants can impact the economic development of their home country through capital accumulation and entrepreneurship. This study seeks to examine the entrepreneurial intentions of return migrants and the influence of formal education and training on their entrepreneurial tendencies. Utilizing data from the National Workforce Survey (Sakernas) in 2020 and employing logistic regression analysis, the study revealed that formal education tends to steer returning migrants towards the formal sector rather than entrepreneurship upon their return. Conversely, while training was found to potentially increase the likelihood of entrepreneurship, the effect was not statistically significant. Additionally, individual characteristics such as age, gender, and marital status were found to significantly influence entrepreneurial intentions, with older individuals, females, and married individuals exhibiting a higher propensity for entrepreneurship among return migrants. These findings contribute to the existing literature by highlighting that, on average, return migrants in Indonesia tend to have relatively low levels of education, and higher levels of human capital may diminish their interest in entrepreneurship.

The Effect of Individual and Regional Characteristics on Commuting (Study on Gerbangkertosusila Area, East Java) Setyanti, Axellina Muara; Ashar, Khusnul; Susilo, Susilo
International Journal of Social and Local Economic Governance Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Service, University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.ijleg.2021.007.01.2

Differences in economic opportunity, such as the difference between interregional wage gaps triggered the migration of workers to areas with higher wage rates, as happened in Gerbangkertosusila Area, East Java. In addition to economic factors such as wages, educational factor, age, marital status, unemployment and population number in many theories are also expressed to influence the tendency to migrate. On the other hand the denser urban area gives rise to commuting. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of individual and regional characteristics on labor migration in Gerbangkertosusila Area. Using multilevel binary logistic regression, the findings show that the variables significantly affecting commuting decision are age, marital status, secondary and higher education, wage gap and open unemployment rate. Furthermore, workers with a hingher tendency to commute are workers with individual characteristics of male, young, unmarried, highly educated, and self-employed, and with regional characteristics of smaller wage gap, higher open unemployment rate in the origin, and lower population on destination.

Return Migration and Entrepreneurship: Does Human Capital Matter? Syafitri, Wildan; Setyanti, Axellina Muara; Finuliyah, Firdaus
Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Education (APJME) Vol 7, No 1 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : AIBPM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32535/apjme.v7i1.2921

Return migration is a topic of considerable interest in scholarly literature, with many studies suggesting that returning migrants can impact the economic development of their home country through capital accumulation and entrepreneurship. This study seeks to examine the entrepreneurial intentions of return migrants and the influence of formal education and training on their entrepreneurial tendencies. Utilizing data from the National Workforce Survey (Sakernas) in 2020 and employing logistic regression analysis, the study revealed that formal education tends to steer returning migrants towards the formal sector rather than entrepreneurship upon their return. Conversely, while training was found to potentially increase the likelihood of entrepreneurship, the effect was not statistically significant. Additionally, individual characteristics such as age, gender, and marital status were found to significantly influence entrepreneurial intentions, with older individuals, females, and married individuals exhibiting a higher propensity for entrepreneurship among return migrants. These findings contribute to the existing literature by highlighting that, on average, return migrants in Indonesia tend to have relatively low levels of education, and higher levels of human capital may diminish their interest in entrepreneurship.

Employed Yet Still Poor: A Microdata Analysis of Working Poverty in Indonesia Setyanti, Axellina Muara; Syafitri, Wildan; Finuliyah, Firdaus; Khoiruddin, Muhammad Afif
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 19 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v19i3.403

This study aims to quantify the extent of working poverty in Indonesia and identify the demographic, geographic, and occupational factors associated with it, using microdata from the Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) 2022. The analysis employs logistic regression to determine the key determinants of working poverty among Indonesian laborers. The results reveal that older individuals, males, those with bank accounts, and those who use telephones and the internet are less likely to be in working poverty. These findings highlight the importance of age-related experience, gender-related economic advantages, financial inclusion, and digital connectivity in mitigating working poverty. Notably, education and formal sector employment did not show significant effects, suggesting that other factors may mediate their relationship with working poverty. The results emphasize the need for policies promoting financial and digital inclusion as part of poverty alleviation strategies. Enhancing access to banking services, telecommunication, and the internet, along with addressing gender disparities in the labor market, is crucial. Further exploration into the quality and market relevance of education is also recommended to design effective interventions tailored to the diverse needs of the working poor.

Analisis Dinamika Pasar Kerja di Era Pemulihan Ekonomi: Pengaruh Output Ekonomi, Upah, Pendidikan, dan Investasi Asing di Indonesia Azzahro, Septin; Samudra, Ribka Widayati; Ashar, Khusnul; Setyanti, Axellina Muara
Wawasan : Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, Ekonomi dan Kewirausahaan Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, Ekonomi dan Kewirausahaan
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58192/wawasan.v3i2.3198

This study aims to analyze the influence of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Average Years of Schooling (AYS), Provincial Minimum Wage (PMW), and realized foreign investment on the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR). The background of this research is based on the urgency of understanding labor market dynamics as a strategic indicator of economic development, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. A quantitative approach is utilized in this study, applying panel data regression across 34 provinces in Indonesia during the period 2020–2023. The analysis results indicate that GRDP, AYS, PMW, and foreign investment have a positive and significant influence on LFPR. An increase in the average years of schooling reflects an improvement in human resource quality, which encourages labor force participation. The rise in the Provincial Minimum Wage plays a role in strengthening incentives to enter the formal labor market. GRDP growth demonstrates an economic expansion effect that broadens job opportunities, while foreign investment serves as a catalyst in the creation of new employment opportunities.These findings offer important implications for the formulation of strategic policies in the fields of employment, education, and investment, specifically in strengthening the involvement of the productive workforce in Indonesia's development and output creation.

Do governance and digital infrastructure support Asean-5 business growth? Prestianawati, Silvi Asna; Setyanti, Axellina Muara
Digital Theory, Culture & Society Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): December
Publisher : C-DISC

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61126/dtcs.v1i2.15

ASEAN is one of the fastest growing economies in the world and is one of the five largest economies in the world after the US, EU, China, and Japan. ASEAN-5, the founding countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand ("ASEAN-5"). The ASEAN-5 countries represent 6% of the world's population with a GDP of US$2.75 trillion, growing at an average rate of 3.7% in 2019. With a supportive business climate, ASEAN-5 countries could be the preferred destinations for local or foreign companies to venture into new businesses. This study aims to analyze the impact of governance and digital infrastructure on new business growth in ASEAN-5 countries, using panel data regression approach. This study finds that profit tax, corruption perception, internet user, secure internet and access to electricity are significantly correlated with new business growth. Time to start a business is found to be insignificant but negatively correlated with growth, implying that more efficient bureaucracy promotes business growth.

Capital Access Disparities Among Migrant Workers: Evidence from Informal Sector Syafitri, Wildan; Setyanti, Axellina Muara; Cahayati, Nila
Economics Development Analysis Journal Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): Economics Development Analysis Journal
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/edaj.v14i1.13800

This research investigates the dynamics of working capital access among migrant workers in Indonesia's informal sector, aiming to identify key factors influencing capital access and the challenges this group faces. Utilizing data from the Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS), this study employs a logistic regression model to examine various determinants of access to financial capital. The findings indicate that higher education increases access to commercial banks and Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) loans but reduces access to Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) and cooperative credit. Digital literacy, reflected by internet usage, enhances access to KUR and BPR loans, although it does not influence cooperative credit. Younger and married individuals are more likely to obtain credit, while urban residents are more likely to access commercial bank and BPR loans but face limitations with KUR and cooperative credit. These results underscore the need for tailored financial inclusion strategies that address the specific needs of different demographic and geographic groups. Improving digital literacy and developing customized financial products for migrant informal workers may enhance their financial inclusion and access to working capital.

How Ibn Khaldun's Concept of Demand Related to Indonesia’s Economic Growth? Larasati, Dorothea; Setyanti, Axellina Muara
Journal of Development Economic and Social Studies Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/jdess.2025.04.2.04

Ibn Khaldun stated that the demand for a good is influenced by the factors of price, income, population, community habits, and the level of social prosperity. If the quantity of goods is limited, prices will increase and may cause inflation. This phenomenon can be observed in the case of scarcity of goods in Indonesia, such as LPG and cooking oil, which causes price spikes and reduces people's purchasing power. In addition, consumptive consumption patterns contribute to price instability and inflationary pressures. This study uses a qualitative research method with a literature study approach to analyze the relevance of Ibn Khaldun's theory to Indonesian economic phenomena. The results show that this theo-ry is still relevant in understanding the dynamics of demand and modern economic growth. The decline in demand in the industrial sector, as seen in the deindustrialization process in Indonesia, is also evidence of the importance of the balance between supply and demand. Therefore, effective economic policies are needed to control inflation and price stability. In addition, students as agents of change are expected to understand classical and modern economic concepts and contribute to entrepreneurship and wise consumption education.

Rethinking Financial Inclusion in the Digital Age: Determinants of Fintech Adoption in Indonesian Households Setyanti, Axellina Muara; Khoiruddin, M. Afif; Finuliyah, Firdaus
Neo Journal of economy and social humanities Vol 4 No 2 (2025): Neo Journal of Economy and Social Humanities
Publisher : International Publisher (YAPENBI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56403/nejesh.v4i2.261

This study examines the determinants of fintech adoption among Indonesian households using nationally representative microdata from SUSENAS 2022 and binary logistic regression analysis. The findings reveal that fintech adoption remains limited, with only 5.48% of households reporting the use of digital financial services such as mobile banking. Among the determinants, savings ownership emerges as the strongest predictor, associated with a 12% higher probability of adopting fintech, underscoring the importance of prior financial engagement. Other significant factors include educational attainment, ICT experience, and formal employment. The analysis also highlights notable geographic variation. Education increases the probability of fintech use by 1.37% in urban areas but only 0.27% in rural areas. Similarly, ICT experience is associated with a 4.72% increase in adoption probability in urban areas, compared to 1.28% in rural settings, reflecting unequal returns to human capital across region. Formal employment and land ownership play a more influential role in rural areas. In contrast, participation in government assistance programs such as PKH and BPNT is negatively associated with fintech use across both settings, indicating that digital transfers alone are insufficient to foster sustained financial inclusion. These results highlight the urgency of designing context-sensitive fintech policies that address digital literacy, institutional trust, and inclusive program integration.

Exploring the nexus between poverty line, minimum wage, and welfare: Evidence from Indonesia's industrial labor Syafitri, Wildan; Fitanto, Bahtiar; Setyanti, Axellina Muara
Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan Vol. 25 No. 2: October 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jesp.v25i2.24117

Despite the industrial sector's critical role in Indonesia's economy, many workers remain trapped in low-welfare categories, influenced by factors such as insufficient access to digital resources, urban-rural disparities, and persistent gender and marital status inequalities. Understanding the determinants of labor welfare in this sector is essential to effectively addressing these disparities. This research examines labor welfare in Indonesia's industrial sector and identifies the key determinants by analyzing individual characteristics. The study uses generalized ordered logit, categorizing three welfare groups: those who are poor and earn below the minimum wage, those who are not poor but earn below the minimum wage, and those who are not poor and earn above the minimum wage. Data from the Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) provides a comprehensive foundation for the analysis. The findings reveal that internet utilization, urban residency, and age significantly increase the likelihood of being in the highest welfare category, with internet users, urban dwellers, and older workers having higher probabilities of better welfare outcomes. Gender also plays a role, as men are more likely than women to be in the higher welfare categories. Married individuals, conversely, have lower odds of being in higher welfare categories, while education shows no significant impact on welfare status. These findings suggest that enhancing internet access and digital inclusion across the workforce could significantly improve labor welfare, particularly for industrial workers. Additionally, targeted policies addressing the unique challenges of married workers and promoting regional economic equity could ensure broader and more inclusive improvements in worker well-being.

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