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Chemical Properties of 15-year-old Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) from Different Seed Sources Ganis Lukmandaru; Pormando Manalu; Tomy Listyanto; Denny Irawati; Rini Pujiarti; Fanny Hidayati; Dian Rodiana
Wood Research Journal Vol 7, No 1 (2016): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2016.7.1.6-12

Fifteen year-old teak wood samples planted in Ciamis FMU (Perhutani Enterprise) were evaluated for their chemical properties. Three seed sources such as conventional seed, clone, and superior wood and radial positions namely sapwood, outer heartwood, and inner heartwood were the observed factors. The specimens were taken from the bottom parts of their sources. Completely randomized design was used. Cell wall components were analyzed by various gravimetric methods.Analysis of variance and Duncan’s test were performed for data analysis. The results showed that no significant difference in the quantity of cell wall components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), extractives (ethanol-toluene and hot-water solubles), ash, and silica content among the seed sources. Superior teakwood or Jati Plus Perhutani, which has the highest growth rate (2.1~3.6 cm/year) among others, showed a comparative higher average pH values (7.08~7.38) and solubility in 1% NaOH (17.22~17.83%) than other sources. Radial factors significantly affected ethanol-toluene extractive and lignin content. The ethanol-toluene extractive had the highest content (9.30~11.54%) at the outer part of heartwood while lignin content was the lowest (28.12~30.10%) in the inner part. The result indicated some good characteristics of young teak trees compared to the mature ones in relation to wood processing.

Effect of Melaleuca leucadendron, Cananga odorata and Pogostemon cablin Oil Odors on Human Physiological Responses Rini Pujiarti; Yoshito Ohtani; Titis Budi Widowati; Wahyudi Wahyudi; Kasmudjo Kasmudjo; N. Kaushalya Herath; Chao Nan Wang
Wood Research Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2012.3.2.100-105

The aims of this study were to evaluate the main compounds and the effect of M. leucadendron, C. odorata and P. cablin essential oil odors on human physiological responses. The chemical compounds of essential oils in this study were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the physiological effects of essential oils on human were analyzed via the sense of smell olfactory system. Physiological parameters of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, stress index, and brain wave were recorded before and after sniffing essential oils. The result shows that the main compound of M. leucadendron, C. odorata, and P. cablin is 1,8-cineole, Caryophyllene and Patchouli Alcohol, respectively. Our results demonstrated that M. leucadendron and C. odorata oil odors possessed sedative effect and P. cablin oil odor had tendency to contain stimulating effect on human physiologies.

Effect of Distillation Tank Density and Storage Time on the Quality and Chemical Composition of Cajuput Oil Satrian Nur Alam; Rini Pujiarti; Kasmudjo Kasmudjo
Wood Research Journal Vol 10, No 1 (2019): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2019.10.1.18-25

Cajuput oil is a commodity of non-timber forest product which is needed and potential to be developed in Indonesia. Therefore, further research on the factors of production and post-production are needed to produce optimum quality. In this study, the leaves of cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) were distillated by water-steam distillation. This study evaluated effects of distillation tank density (60%, 70%, and 80%) and oil storage time (0 month, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months) on physicochemical properties and chemical compositions of cajuput oils. The results showed that cajuput oils had a specific gravity of 0.915~0.923; optical rotation of (-2,10°) ~ (-1,20°); refractive index of 1.463~1.464; solubility in alcohol 1 : 1; cineole contents of 61.18~76.24%; clear to yellowish clear color; distinctive smell of cajuput and in accordance with SNI 06-3954- 2006. The GC-MS analysis identified 24 of chemical components on the cajuput oils with main components were 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, and β-caryophylene. Tank density 70% to 80% with the oil storage time up to 3 months still gives the optimum quality and chemical compositions.

Socio-technical Aspects of Smallholder Beekeeping Adoption of Apis cerana in Wanagama Teaching Forest, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Dwiko Budi Permadi; Nafiatul Umami; Ananto Triyogo; Rini Pujiarti; Bekti Larasati; Ratih Madya Septiana
Buletin Peternakan Vol 45, No 1 (2021): BULETIN PETERNAKAN VOL. 45 (1) FEBRUARY 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v45i1.58435

The successful rehabilitation of Wanagama teaching forests, which began in the late of 1960s, has created a distinctive forest ecosystem. Currently the forests become the habitat of Apis cerana, enterprised by the surrounding villagers to produce natural forest honey as a non-timber forest product. This paper aims to explore the adoption of smallholder beekeeping of A. cerana, the beekeepers’ socio-economic characteristics, the potential and value of forest honey production, the distribution of bee-boxes inside the forests and potential tree sources of nectar and pollen. Data collection was carried out in July - September 2019 with in-depth interview techniques to 38 beekeepers. Field observations and ground checks were carried out on the sites where beekeepers were placing the bee-boxes in the forest. In addition, an analysis of aerial photograph images taken with drone was also carried out to identify the area of trees as sources of nectar and pollen. The results show that between 1982 and 2019 the development of the adoption of the A. cerana beekeeping increased significantly. The total production of honey from 506 bee-boxes reached 658 liters or 894.9 kg in year of 2018/2019. The number of bee-boxes placed in Wanagama was mainly distributed inside Compartment of 13, 17, 14, 16, 5, and 18. Acacia mangium, eucalyptus, cajuput and mahogany were the main types of nectar-producing trees, in addition to the abundance of flowering undergrowth plants. Many of the challenges faced by honey beekeepers included climate change, the shortage of nectar and pollen sources, pests and diseases and human disturbances. This research suggests the need for a social, institutional and technical approaches to increase the forest productivity as sources of nectar and pollen. It is suggested encouraging the smallholders to adopt beekeeping as the main livelihood alternatives in future and planting more trees in Wanagama forests.

Antifungal Activity of Eucalyptus urophylla Oil Against Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum Rini Pujiarti; Handojo Hadi Nurjanto; Sigit Sunarta
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 40, No 1 (2018): FEBRUARY
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v40i1.990

Essential oils obtained from Eucalyptus posses many bioactivities as fungicidal, antimicrobial, insecticidal and other activities. This study elucidated chemical compounds and antifungal activity of Eucalyptus urophylla leaves oil. Effectiveness of E. urophylla leaves oil were evaluated as antifungal against pathogenic fungi of A. niger and F. oxysporum. Eucalyptus urophylla oil was obtained by hydrodistillation method from fresh leaves of E. urophylla. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to analyze the chemical compounds of E. urophylla oil. Antifungal activity of E. urophylla oil was tested with in-vitro assay against A. niger and F. oxysporum strains with five levels of oil concentration (1 mg ml-1; 5 mg ml-1; 10 mg ml-1; 15 mg ml-1; 20 mg ml-1). GC-MS analysis showed the most abundant compounds of E. urophylla oil were 1,8-cineole (66.31 %), α-pinene (16.92 %), α-terpinyl acetate (6.00 %) and γ-terpinene (5.13 %). Antifungal assay showed inhibitory effects of E. urophylla against F. oxysporum with IC50 = 1.61 mg ml-1 and A. niger with IC50 = 13.56 mg ml-1. Antifungal activity of E. urophylla oil in this study was probably due to the presence of 1,8-cineole. Results indicated the possibility of E. urophylla as antifungal against F. oxysporum and A. niger.

Kualitas Tiga Jenis Madu Hutan Suku Baduy Kabupaten Lebak, Provinsi Banten Rini Pujiarti; Azmi Amin; Agus Ngadianto; Ratih Madya Septiana; Brandon Aristo Verick Purba; Dwiko Budi Permadi
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 15 No 2 (2021): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study aimed to determine the quality of defective honey, bitter honey, and sweet honey produced by the Baduy community. The bitter honey was collected from locations where nectar was sourced from calliandra, mahogany, sengon, and kamboja trees. The sweet honey was collected from locations where nectar was sourced from fruit trees such as bananas, sugar palm, durian, jackfruit, and rambutan. The defective honey is sweet honey that produces gas and therefore it is bubbly and considered to be damaged by the Baduy community. The research applied the criteria of the Indonesian National Standard SNI 8664 (2018) to test the quality of honey. The results showed that defective honey fulfills five criteria, i.e.: HMF testing, ash content, insoluble solids in water, acidity, smell, and taste. Bitter honey fulfilled four criteria, i.e., testing of ash content, water-insoluble solids, acidity, and moisture content. Sweet honey fulfilled seven criteria, i.e., the testing of ash content, sucrose, water-insoluble solids, acidity, moisture content, odor, and taste. All types of honey did not meet the criteria of diastase enzyme activity and reducing sugar levels. This could be due to conditions and storage time of honey before testing.

Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, Tannin Content and DPPH Scavenging Activity of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Bark Brandon Aristo Verick Purba; Rini Pujiarti; Masendra Masendra; Ganis Lukmandaru
Wood Research Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2022): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2022.13.2.63-68

Caesalpinia sappan is a shrubby Leguminosae tree commonly found in Indonesia, traditionally utilized as natural dye and herbal drink. However, in the making of traditional herbal drink, the bark is often discarded as residues. This research aimed to investigate total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and tannin (TTC) content as well as the antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging activity) of the bark successive extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and hot water as well as analyzed it with GC-MS. The result showed the highest amount of TPC (824.16±62.28 mg GAE/g), TFC (185.03±1.91 mg QE/g), and TTC (987.07±30.98 mg TAE/g) in the methanol extract of the bark. GC-MS analysis resulted hydroquinone as a major constituent in the methanol extract. Further, antioxidant activity was found the strongest on methanol extract (IC50=63.48), while correlation between antioxidant activity and TFC was found the highest (R2=0.93). These findings suggest that bark of C. sappan is a suitable source of natural antioxidant with strong activity to DPPH radical.

Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, Tannin Content and DPPH Scavenging Activity of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Bark Brandon Aristo Verick Purba; Rini Pujiarti; Masendra Masendra; Ganis Lukmandaru
Wood Research Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2022): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2022.13.2.63-68

Caesalpinia sappan is a shrubby Leguminosae tree commonly found in Indonesia, traditionally utilized as natural dye and herbal drink. However, in the making of traditional herbal drink, the bark is often discarded as residues. This research aimed to investigate total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and tannin (TTC) content as well as the antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging activity) of the bark successive extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and hot water as well as analyzed it with GC-MS. The result showed the highest amount of TPC (824.16±62.28 mg GAE/g), TFC (185.03±1.91 mg QE/g), and TTC (987.07±30.98 mg TAE/g) in the methanol extract of the bark. GC-MS analysis resulted hydroquinone as a major constituent in the methanol extract. Further, antioxidant activity was found the strongest on methanol extract (IC50=63.48), while correlation between antioxidant activity and TFC was found the highest (R2=0.93). These findings suggest that bark of C. sappan is a suitable source of natural antioxidant with strong activity to DPPH radical.

Kualitas, Komposisi Kimia, dan Aktivitas Anti Oksidan Minyak Kenanga (Cananga odorata) Rini Pujiarti; Titis Budi Widowati; Kasmudjo Kasmudjo; Sigit Sunarta
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 9, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Minyak kenanga pada penelitian ini diperoleh dari bunga kenanga segar dengan penyulingan cara pengukusan. Uji kualitas fisik minyak kenanga cukup memuaskan dan sesuai dengan standar SNI 06-3949-1005. Komposisi kimia minyak kenangan diuji menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil analisis GC-MS mengidentifikasikan adanya 23 komponen kimia penyusun minyak kenanga. Komponen utama penyusun minyak kenanga yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini adalah caryophyllene (36,44%), â-linalool (5,97%), á-caryophyllene (9,61%), germacrene D (17,23%), dan benzyl benzoate (7,18%). Pengujian antioksidan minyak kenanga dengan metode DPPH scavenging assay menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang lembut dari minyak kenangan (IC50: 2,29 mg/ml) jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif BHA (IC50: 0,03 mg/ml). Penelitian ini mengidentifikasikan bahwa minyak kenanga memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan alami yang lembut.Kata kunci: Cananga odorata, minyak atsiri, kualitas, komposisi kimia, antioksidan. Quality, chemical composition, and antioxidative activity of cananga (Cananga odorata) oilAbstractCananga oil in this study was obtained from fresh flowers of Cananga odorata by water-steam distillation. The result of physical properties of cananga oil were compared with the SNI 06-3949-1005 showed that cananga oil was satisfied the quality prescribed by standard. The chemical composition of cananga oil was analyzed by GC-MS. GC-MS analysis showed that 23 compounds have been identified. The main compounds of cananga oil were caryophyllene (36.44%), â-linalool (5.97%), á-caryophyllene (9.61%), germacrene D (17.23%) and benzyl benzoate (7.18%). The DPPH scavenging assay showed that cananga oil possess mild antioxidant activity (IC50: 2.29 mg/ml) if compared with positive control of BHA (IC50: 0.03 mg/ml). This study indicated that cananga oil has potency as mild natural antioxidant.

Development of Drying Schedule of Superior and Conventional Teak Wood of Ten Years-old Planted in Blora, Central Java Tomy Listyanto; Yusuf Setia Darmawan; Rini Pujiarti; Fanny Hidayati; Ganis Lukmandaru; Joko Sulistyo
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 10, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

The aims of this study were to investigate drying defect characteristics, to develop proper drying schedule, and to analyze the relationship between the developed drying schedule and its wood properties. This study used superior and conventional teak wood of ten years-old planted in Blora, Central Java. Sample from different axial positions (bottom and middle part) and different board thicknesses (20 mm and 40 mm) were taken. Drying schedule was developed in accordance to Terazawa method, which dried the sample for 72 h at a temperature of 100 °C. Initial moisture content, crack, collapse, and honeycombing were observed to determine the proper drying schedule. The developed drying schedule then was related to their characteristics, such origin of the seedling, thickness, density, and heartwood percentage. The proper scheduled was also applied in larger sample and evaluated. The results showed that there were five variations of drying schedule for superior and conventional teak wood. Chi square analysis indicated that the board thickness affect significantly on developing drying schedules. Boards with a thickness of 20 mm can be dried with an initial temperature of 70 °C, the wet bulb depression 7°C, and the final temperature of 105°C. Further, boards with a thickness of 40 mm should be dried with a softer drying schedule with an initial temperature of 60°C, wet bulb depression temperature of 4 °C, and the final temperature of 85°C. Application of the selected drying schedule was succeed without any significant defects.Keywords: superior; teak; drying schedules; inferior; wood Pengembangan Skedul Pengeringan Kayu Jati "Mega" dan Konvensional Umur 10 tahun Ditanam di Blora, Jawa tengahAbstractTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik cacat pengeringan, skedul pengeringan yang sesuai, variasi ketebalan papan serta beberapa sifat kayunya terhadap skedul pengeringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan kayu jati prospektif unggul dan konvensional umur 10 tahun dari Blora, Jawa Tengah dengan letak aksial yang berbeda (pangkal dan tengah) serta ketebalan papan masing-masing 20 mm dan 40 mm. Penyusunan skedul pengeringan menurut metode Terazawa, dengan pengeringan selama 72 jam pada suhu 100°C. Parameter yang diamati yaitu kadar air awal, cacat retak, kolaps, dan honeycombing. Cacat yang terjadi digunakan untuk penyusunan skedul pengeringan. Skedul pengeringan selanjutnya diuji hubungannya dengan sumber asal bibit, ketebalan, berat jenis, dan persen kayu terasnya. Skedul pengeringan yang paling sesuai selanjutnya diujicoba dan dievaluasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diajukan lima skedul pengeringan. Hasil analisis chi square menunjukkan bahwa ketebalan papan memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap variasi skedul pengeringan. Papan dengan ketebalan 2 cm dapat dikeringkan dengan suhu awal 70°C, depresiasi bola basah 7°C, dan suhu akhir 105°C. Selanjutnya, papan dengan ketebalan 4 cm perlu dikeringkan dengan skedul yang lebih lunak dengan suhu awal 60°C, depresiasi suhu bola basah 4°C, dan suhu akhir 85°C. Hasil uji aplikasi menunjukkan hasil yang memuaskan dengan cacat yang tidak signifikan.

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