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All Journal Archive of Community Health JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health) The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities
I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra
Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana
Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences

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Risk of in House Cigarette Smoke Exposure to the Premature Birth in Denpasar City Ni Ketut Noriani; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2015.v3.i1.p11

Abstract

Background and purpose: Indonesia is ranked fifth in the world in term of premature birth prevalence, which is estimated 10-20%. This study aimed to find out risk of in house cigarette smoke exposure to premature birth in Denpasar. Methods: This study is a case control. Case is a mother experienced premature delivery, while the control is mothers who been registered in the same period with mature delivery. Samples either case or control were selected using systematic random sampling, which preceded by listing premature and mature birth in each puskesmas in 2013. Data analysed bivariate and multivariate using chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: Bivariate analysis showed no significant different of characteristic (age, education, occupation and parity status) between case and control group. However, significant different of ANC behavior and average of arm circumference were found between case and control. Multivariate analysis showed that the adjusted OR of tobacco smoke exposure at home after being controlled by ANC and upper arm circumference was 3.647 (95%CI: 1.683-9.903). Conclusion: In house cigarette smoke exposure increases significantly the risk of premature birth in Denpasar.
Risk Factors of Poor Glycaemic Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Primary Health Center of Kembiritan Banyuwangi Regency Rizki Yulia Purwitaningtyas; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; Dewa Nyoman Wirawan
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2015.v3.i1.p13

Abstract

Background and purpose: Number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Kembiritan Primary Health Center has increased as many as 160 in 2013 to 215 in 2014. This study was conducted to determine risk factors of poor glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Primary Health Center of Kembiritan Banyuwangi. Methods: The research design was a case control study of 55 patients with poor glycaemic control of diabetes mellitus as cases and 55 patients with good glycaemic control of diabetes mellitus as controls (1:1), who were randomly selected from the registers of patients with diabetes mellitus at the primary health center during 2014. Data was collected through interviews at the primary health center during March-May 2015 using questionnaires. Data was analyzed by univariate, bivariate (chi square test) and multivariate using logistic regression. Results: Bivariate analysis showed that duration of disease and nutritional status significantly increase risks of poor glycaemic control respectively with OR=2.9 (95%CI: 1.20-7.54) and OR=5.7 (95%CI: 1.82-21.04). Multivariate analysis showed four factors that increase the risk of poor glycaemic control, namely duration of disease with adjusted OR=3.8 (95% CI: 1.37 to 10.59), medication adherence, with adjusted OR=3.7 (95% CI : 1.30 to 10.59), nutritional status, with adjusted OR=6.6 (95%CI: 2.01-21.44) and distance of health facilities, with adjusted OR=3.1 (95%CI: 1.19-7.95). Conclusion: Risk factors for poor glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were disease duration, adherence of medication, nutritional status and distance to health facilities.
Correlation between Demographics, Clinical and Risk Factors for HIV Infection with HIV/TB Co‑infection in Amertha Clinic Kerti Praja Foundation Denpasar Yuneti Octavianus Nyoko; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2018.v2.i2.p01

Abstract

Background and purpose: HIV infection increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB), as TB infection increases the progression of HIV. In Bali, HIV/TB co-infected patients have increased from 26% in 2012 to 30% in 2013. Study on factors related with the occurrence of HIV/TB co-infection is limited in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the correlation between demographics, clinical and risk factors for HIV infection with HIV/TB co-infection in Amertha ClinicKerti Praja Foundation Bali.Methods: The study design was cross-sectional using secondary data of patients with HIV/AIDS who were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 2002-2012. Independent variables were demographics: gender, age, education level, working status, and presence of ART supervisor; clinical: hemoglobin count, weight, CD4 count; and risk factor for HIV infected. The status of HIV/TB co-infection was the dependent variable. Data was analysed using univariate, bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (cox regression).Results: From the 531 patients, the majority were male (57.6%) and aged ≥31 years (50.8%). About 5.5% of patients experienced HIV/TB coinfection. Multivariate analysis indicated that the variables correlating with HIV/TB co-infection occurrence were CD4 count at baseline ≤200 cell/mm3 (PR=10.34; 95%CI: 1.39-76.69; p=0.022) and risk factor for HIV infected with IDU (PR=3.27; 95%CI: 1.56-6.88; p=0.002).Conclusion: Patients with CD4 count ≤200 cell/mm3 and HIV infected by IDU have correlating with HIV/TB co-infection.
Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight (LBW) among Infants at dr. R. Soedjono General Hospital East Lombok Yuliani; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; I Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2015.v3.i2.p08

Abstract

Background and purpose: The infant mortality rate related to low birth weight (LBW) in the East Lombok district increased from 18.0% in 2012 to 26.1% in 2013. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of LBW among infants in dr. R. Soedjono General Hospital, East Lombok. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in dr. R. Soedjono General Hospital involving 59 LBW and 118 normal weight infants as controls (1:2) which were selected by systematic random sampling. Secondary data regarding chronic energy deficiency and anemia were collected using medical records and delivery register. Data on maternal characteristics,birth spacing, access to antenatal care,  socioeconomic status, cigarette smoke exposure, wood smoke exposure and mosquito repellent exposure were collected through interviews. Data were analyzed using bivariate to determine crude OR and multivariate to calculate adjusted OR. Results: Characteristics of cases and controls was similar in terms of education, employment and maternal parity, but significantly different in age. Multivariate analysis showed that variables significantly associated with LBW were income with OR=2.3 (95%CI: 1.06-4.9), cigarette smoke exposure with OR=2.9 (95%CI: 1.31- 6.33), chronic energy deficiency with OR=3.1 (95%CI: 1.24-7.59) and maternal ages <20 years or >35 years with OR=3.2 (95%CI: 1.46-6.90). Wood smoke exposure and anemia were not significantly associated with LBW with OR=1.2 (95%CI: 0.44-2.88) and OR=1.1 (95%CI: 0.82-1.27). Conclusion: Risk factors associated with LBW among infants were low income, cigarette smoke exposure, chronic energy deficiency and mother’s age <20 years or >35 years.
Hormonal Contraceptive Use and History of Sexually Transmitted Infection as Risk Factors of the Pre‑Cancerous Cervical Lesions Ni Made Parwati; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2015.v3.i2.p09

Abstract

Background and purpose: Screening for pre-cancerous cervical lesions is already being implemented in Bali. This study aims to determine hormonal contraceptives and STI history as risk factors of pre-cancerous cervical lesions. Methods: A case-control study was conducted involving 76 women of childbearing age diagnosed with pre-cancerous cervical lesions who screened at two health centers in Denpasar Bali from January to March 2015. Control was 76 women of childbearing age with no pre-cancerous cervical lesions who screened at the same period. Consecutive sampling was used to select cases and controls. Data were collected through interview using questionnaires and analyzed using logistic regression to calculate adjusted odd ratio of each risk factor. Results: Multivariate analysis indicated that the use of hormonal contraceptives over ≥5 or <5 years increase risk of pre-cancerous cervical lesions with OR=10,7 (95%CI: 1,04-108,17) and OR=3,0 (95%CI: 1,16-7,84) compared to those who were not using hormonal contraception. History of sexually transmitted infections also increases risk of pre-cancerous cervical lesions with OR=9,7 (95%CI: 3,83 24,18). Conclusion: The use of hormonal contraceptives and history of sexual transmitted infections increased risks of pre-cancerous cervical lesions.
Disease History and Delayed Diagnosis of Dengue Infection as Risk Factors for Dengue Shock Syndrome in Wangaya Hospital Denpasar I Made Suganda Yatra; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; Gede Ngurah Indraguna Pinatih
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2015.v3.i2.p11

Abstract

Background and purpose: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a serious public health concern in Bali Province, especially in Denpasar wherein the incidence rate amounted to 217.7 per 100,000 in 2014. This figure is much higher than national incidence of 51 per 100,000. Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) frequently occur alongside high mortality. This research aims to identify risk factors of DSS among DHF patients hospitalized in Wangaya Hospital Denpasar. Methods: A case-control study was conducted. Cases (47) were DSS patients and controls (94) were dengue patients hospitalized in Wangaya Hospital in 2013- 2014. Data were collected from medical records on as age, gender, duration of fever, dengue history, haematocrit, platelets, class of care and health insurance. Results: Risk factors that independently associated with DSS were history of previous dengue infection with adjusted OR=11.6 (95%CI=1.83-73.96), duration of fever before admission ≥4 days with adjusted OR=5.5 (95%CI: 2.03-14.96), haematocrit ≥42% with adjusted OR=2.8 (95%CI: 1.02-7.68), platelets <50,000/mm3 with adjusted OR=5.2 (95%CI: 1.88-14.36), and third class ward with adjusted OR=2.9 (95%CI: 1.01-8.29). Conclusion: History of previous dengue infection and delay in recognizing the symptoms of dengue fever increased risk of DSS. In addition, patients who hospitalized in the third class ward had higher risk of DSS.
Risk Factors for Recurrences of Pulmonary TB among Patients in Denpasar: A Case-Control Study Ni Luh Putu Karminiasih; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; Dyah Pradnyaparamita Duarsa; Ida Bagus Ngurah Rai; I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i1.p04

Abstract

Background and purpose: The incidence of recurrence in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Denpasar in 2014 was relatively high, around 3.5% of 1082 patients. This study aims to determine the risk factors for recurrence of pulmonary TB patients in Denpasar. Methods: The study design was a case control with 46 patients with pulmonary TB recurrence aged over 15 years as cases, and 92 patients who had recovered as control. Respondents were selected using systematic random sampling from the TB register from 2013 to 2015 in public health centers in Denpasar. Data were collected by a search of documents, observations, measurements and interviews conducted using questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were conducted using chi square test and logistic regression respectively. Results: Risk factors that associated with recurrence of pulmonary TB were co-morbidity of diabetes mellitus (AOR=9.6; 95%CI: 2.17-43.08), adherence (AOR=7.6; 95%CI: 2.85-20.17), exposure to cigarette smoke during treatment (AOR=3.6; 95%CI: 1.41-9.16), home ventilation <10% (AOR=3.4; 95%CI: 1.27-9.47), house contact with pulmonary TB patients (AOR=3.1; 95%CI: 1.31-7.46) and malnutrition (AOR=2.8; 95%CI: 1.02-7.72). Conclusion: Risk factors for recurrence of pulmonary TB among patients were co-morbidity of diabetes mellitus adherence, cigarette smoke exposure during the treatment period, home ventilation <10%, house contact with pulmonary TB patients and malnutrition.
Association between Nutritional Status and Intelligence Quotient of Junior High School Students in Denpasar Ni Made Septiari Maryani Ardi; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; Gede Ngurah Indraguna Pinatih
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i1.p06

Abstract

Background and purpose: The prevalence of obesity among youth in Indonesia was increasing. Obese young people have risk of having noncommunicable disease and also affect the intelligence quotient. This study aims to determine the association between nutritional status and intelligence quotient among junior high school students. Methods: The study was cross sectional with a sample of 176 respondents determined by simple random sampling. Data were collected through an IQ test using Standard Progressive Matrices method, weight and height measurement, and self-administered questionnaires. Data were analysed using Stata. Bivariate analysis using chi-square test and multivariate by poisson regression test. Results: Mean age of respondents was 12.2 years and mean of IQ was 105.8. There were 77 obese students, consisting of 48 (62.3%) males and 29 (37.7%) females. 47 students (26.7%) indicated a below average IQ, consisting of 24 (51.1%) males and 23 (48.9%) females. Bivariate analysis indicated that 55.8% of obese students had below average IQ meanwhile students with a normal nutritional status of 4,0%. On below average IQ 4.0% students never had obesity; 56.8% students <6 years of being obese and 67.5% students ≥6 years of being obese. Multivariate analysis found that respondent’s intelligence quotient was associated with obesity (APR=6.6; 95%Cl: 2.0-21.5). Conclusion: Intelligence quotient was significantly associated with obesity and the period of obesity. The longer the period of being obese more likely had a below average IQ.
Predictors of Loss To Follow Up and Mortality Among Children ≤12 Years Receiving Anti Retroviral Therapy during the First Year at a Referral Hospital in Bali Stefanie Juergens; Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri; Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; Tuti Parwati Merati
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i2.p03

Abstract

Background and purpose: Many HIV-infected children in Bali have started antiretroviral therapy (ART), but loss to follow up (LTFU) is a continuing concern, and the issue of childhood adherence is more complex compared to adults. Methods: This was a retrospective study among cohort of 138 HIV+ children on ART in Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali from January 2010 to December 2015. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to describe incidence and median time to LTFU/mortality and Cox Proportional Hazard Model was used to identify predictors. Variables which were analysed were socio-demographic characteristics, birth history, care giver and clinical condition of the children. Results: Mean age when starting ARV therapy was 3.21 years. About 25% experienced LTFU/death by 9.1 month resulting in an incidence rate of 3.28 per 100 child month. The higher the WHO stage, the higher the risk for LTFU/mortality along with low body weight (AHR=0.90; 95%CI: 0.82-0.99). Conclusion: Clinical characteristics were found as predictors for LTFU/ mortality among children on ART.
The Consumption of Tuak Increases Risk of Central Obesity among Adult Males at Karangasem, Bali I Ketut Sudiana; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; Pande Putu Januraga
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i2.p04

Abstract

Background and purpose: Traditional alcohol beverage known as risk factor of central obesity. The prevalence of central obesity in adult males in Karangasem is high and 40% of the population have drink habits of traditional palm wine (locally called tuak) with high sucrose and glucose. This study aims to determine the relationship between the consumption of tuak with the prevalence of central obesity among adult males. Methods: The study is cross-sectional with samples consisted of 220 men aged 18-65 years selected by probability proportional to size. The data were collected by the researcher using structured interview and direct measurement. Data were analyzed using STATA 12.1 by univariate, bivariate (chi-square test) and multivariate using logistic regression. Results: The study found that the prevalence of central obesity among adult males in Karangasem was 8.18% and respondents who consumed tuak was 53.18%, consumed alkohol of non tuak was 4.09% and 42.73% did not consume any alcohol. Multivariate analysis showed that variables associated with the prevalence of central obesity were heavy drinker of tuak (AOR=6.55; 95%CI: 1.45- 29.65), the quantity of tuak consumption (AOR=1.14; 95%CI: 1.03- 1.25), duration of tuak consumption (AOR=1.12; 95%CI: 1.04-1.20), consumption of other local wine (called arak) (AOR=3.86; 95%CI: 1.36-10.95. Education was found to reduce risk of obesity (AOR=0.32; 95%CI: 0.11-0.96). Conclusion: The consumption of tuak increases risk of central obesity among adult males in Karangasem Bali.
Co-Authors Anak Agung Gede Suputra Anak Agung Ngurah Subawa Anak Agung Wiradewi Lestari Desak Putu Risna Dewi Desak Putu Yulita Kurniati Dewa Nyoman Wirawan Dyah Pradnyaparmita Duarsa Gde Ngurah Idraguna Pinatih Hamsu Kadriyan Haryadi Hesteria Friska Armynia Subratha I Gusti Agung Trisna Windiani I Gusti Kamasan Arijana I Made Jawi I Made Jaya Widyartha I Made Suganda Yatra I MADE SUTARGA I Nengah Sujaya I Nyoman Bagiastra I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya I Nyoman Wande I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa Ida Bagus Ngurah Rai Kadek Dhiyo Mamhista Kumara Kadek Susiana Dwi Lestari Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati Khrispina Owa Luh Putu Lila Wulandari Luh Seri Ani Made Sukmawati N.P. Desy Aryantini N.W. Nursini Ni Kadek Mulyantari Ni Ketut Noriani Ni Ketut Susilawati Ni Luh Nyoman Tri Astuti Pradnyadewi Ni Luh Putu Karminiasih Ni Made Parwati Ni Made Septiari Maryani Ardi Ni Made Sri Nopiyani Ni Made Utami Dwipayanti Ni Nyoman Mahartini Ni Putu Meiliana Dewantari Ni Putu Sukma Sumantri Prabandari Ni Wayan Septarini Pande Putu Januraga Putu Ika Farmani Retno Adriyani Romdhoni, Achmad Chusnu S.Pd. M Kes I Ketut Sudiana . sang gede purnama Sawitri, Anak Agung Sagung Sri Maliawan Stefanie Juergens Viddina Xyquizintya Maroef Wayan Suardana Yuliani Yuneti Octavianus Nyoko