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Predictors to Achieve Normal Nutrition Status: Longitudinal Study among HIV Children on Antiretroviral Treatment in Bali Haryadi; Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri; Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i2.p08

Background and purpose: Malnutrition is common in children with HIV/AIDS. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves the nutritional status; however, information about predictors affecting the changes of nutritional status is limited and inconsistent. Methods: The retrospective survival study analyzed secondary data of 84 undernourished children receiving ART in Sanglah Central Hospital in 2010 to 2015. Demographic, clinical and socio-economic characteristics at ART initiation were linked to the achievement of normal nutritional status (z-score ≥ -2 SD). Kaplan Meier analysis was used to obtain the incidence rate and median time and cox proportional hazards models to identify its predictors. Results: Of the 73.81% of children achieved a normal nutrition status with the incidence of children achieving normal nutritional was 19 per 100 child months, and a median time of 4 months 10 days. Children with birth weight ≥2500 gr (AHR=5.41; 95%CI: 1.76-16.61), without candidiasis (AHR=3.72; 95%CI: 1.27-10.93), Clinical WHO Stage III (AHR=1.6; 95%CI: 1.08-4.24), Clinical WHO Stage II (AHR=4.49; 95%CI: 1.95-10.79) and early ART intiation (AHR=0.91; 95%CI: 0.83-0.98) were predictors to achieve normal nutritional status. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics of children are predictors of achieving a normal nutritional status.

Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers who Work at Home at Tabanan Regency Hesteria Friska Armynia Subratha; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; Dyah Pradnyaparamita Duarsa
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i2.p10

Background and purpose: Working mothers and mothers who leave their babies in their home for more than 8 hours a day almost do not exclusively breastfeed their babies. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers who work at home and factors associated with it. Methods: Cross-sectional survey was conducted by convenience sampling of 132 mothers with 6-12 months babies at Puskesmas Marga I Tabanan Regency from March-April 2016. The data was collected by interview about social-demographic characteristic,knowledge, perception, pregnancy and maternity counseling, early breastfeeding initiation, families support, medical assistant and exclusive breastfeeding. The data analyzed by univariate, bivariate, multivariate using STATA 12.1. Chi square applied in bivariate analysis and poison regression applied in multivariate analysis. Results: Proportion of respondents who exclusively breastfeed their babies for 6 months was 66.67%. Reasons for not exclusively breastfeed were not enough breastmilk (32.58%), no breastmilk (13.64%), families suggestion (8.33%), babies refused breastmilk (6.06%), health provider suggestion (2.27%) and to avoid the shape change of the breast (1.52%). Multivariate analysis found that variables associated with the exclusive breastfeeding were parity (APR=1.50; 95%CI: 1.01-2.15), early breasfeeding initiation (APR=1.80; 95%CI: 1.13-2.90) and families support (APR=1.4; 95%CI: 1.10-1.76). Conclusion: Factors significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding were parities less than 3, early breasfeeding initiation and families support.

Family History, Stress, Less Physical Activity, Obesity and Excessive Salty Food Consumption as Risk Factors of Hypertension I Made Jaya Widyartha; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; Luh Seri Ani
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i2.p11

Background and purpose: Hypertension was a significant public health problem. This study aims to determine risk factors of hypertension. Methods: The study used a case-control design, involving 77 cases and 77 controls aged 18-65 years old, who were selected consecutively. Cases and controls were matched on age and sex. Cases were defined as patients who were diagnosed with hypertension by clinician at the primary health center (PHC), and controls were patients at PHC who were not diagnosed as hypertension. Data were collected through interview regarding sosiodemographic status and risk factors of hipertension. Direct measurement was performed for weight, height and abdominal circumference. Multivariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression. Results: Cases and controls were comparable in term of sex, age and education level. Variables that associated with hypertension were family history (AOR=9.20; 95%CI: 3.47-24.41), moderate stress (AOR=13.01; 95%CI: 3.70-45.79), severe stress (AOR=16,75; 95%CI: 3,32-84,38), less physical activity (AOR=3.53 (95%CI: 1.38-9.01), obesity (AOR=5.72; 95%CI: 2.09-15.68) and excessive salty food consumption (AOR=3.08; 95%CI: 1.17-8.09). Eating fatty foods may also indirectly cause hypertension. Income, mild stress, smoking habits, being passive smokers, coffee consumption habits, frequency of fruits and vegetables consumption were not found to be risk factors. Conclusion: Family history, moderate and severe stress, less physical activity, obesity and excessive salty food consumption were risk factors of hypertension.

Risk Factors of Computer Vision Syndrome: A Review of Ocular Causes Among School and College Students Viddina Xyquizintya Maroef; Retno Adriyani; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.1-15

Introduction: According to the results of a survey published in 2022, mobile phone users have reached two-thirds (67.1%) of the world population. This number has increased by 1.8% over the past year, which is equivalent to 95 million new mobile users. However, gadgets are often misused and can cause a health problem called Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). This study aimed to identify risk factors for the occurrence of ocular CVS symptoms among school and college students. Discussion: This study was conducted using the literature review method. The main sources for this study were articles obtained through the selection process by setting inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study showed that from a total of 1,763 articles found, 27 articles met the predetermined criteria. A total of 18 of the 27 articles (66.7%) had college student as respondents, and 24 of the 27 articles used cross-sectional research methods (88.9%). In this study, 16 CVS ocular symptoms were found. The risk factors for CVS were individual characteristics (students aged under 18 years and students aged 18–25 years, and gadget users with contact lenses or glasses), smartphone users, individual habits, and ambient lighting while operating gadgets. Conclusions: This study concludes that students are at risk of experiencing CVS if they do not support gadget use with habits such as implementing rest periods between activities using gadgets.

Presepsin Levels and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio are Positively Correlated with Procalcitonin Levels in Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis Ni Putu Sukma Sumantri Prabandari; Ni Kadek Mulyantari; Made Sukmawati; Anak Agung Ngurah Subawa; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; Anak Agung Wiradewi Lestari; I Nyoman Wande; Ni Nyoman Mahartini
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i2.2135

BACKGROUND: Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is an acute infection and sepsis occurring within the first 24 hours of new-born life. An increase in procalcitonin levels, presepsin levels, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in EONS subjects have been reported. However, whether presepsin levels and NLR affect the procalcitonin levels in EONS patients who have received antibiotic therapy has not been certainly known. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between presepsin levels and NLR with procalcitonin levels in EONS subjects.METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 52 EONS subjects were conducted, and blood samples from subjects were collected. Presepsin levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, NLR was calculated from the absolute number of neutrophils divided by the absolute number of lymphocytes, and procalcitonin levels were examined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) method. RESULTS: Median of procalcitonin levels and presepsin levels were 0.435 (0.12-9.11) ng/mL and 108.33 (71.43-1287.76) ng/L, respectively. While NLR value was 1.68 (0.2-7.52). There was significant difference between procalcitonin and presepsin levels (p=0.000), and so does between procalcitonin levels and NLR (p=0.001). Based on the multivariate analysis, presepsin levels also affected the procalcitonin levels (p=0.000; 95% CI: 0.001-0.004).CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that there was significant correlation between presepsin levels and NLR with procalcitonin levels in EONS patients, suggesting that presepsin levels, NLR, and procalcitonin levels are potential candidates for EONS biomarkers.KEYWORDS: EONS, NLR, presepsin, procalcitonin

Designing Effective Regulations on Rabies Control in Tropical Regions: A Systematic Literature Review Ni Putu Meiliana Dewantari; I Nyoman Bagiastra; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v5i2.1140

Rabies, a global public health issue with a 100% mortality rate, affects tens of thousands annually, primarily in tropical regions, and is widespread in over 150 regions. Effective rabies control regulations are crucial in tropical regions due to limited healthcare, dense population, and virus-carrying species, promoting well-being, reducing costs, and promoting sustainability. This article aims to design effective regulations on rabies control in tropical regions. The study utilized a systematic literature review to explore effective rabies control in tropical regions. The analysis used Publish and Perish 8 tool and Mendeley Reference Manager software. The PRISMA was employed to guide the investigation. The study identified 26 significant research articles from 357 exclusions. The results reveal that pet rabies regulations may not effectively control outbreaks, requiring prioritizing awareness campaigns due to resource constraints, weak healthcare systems, and cultural factors in tropical regions. Therefore, the design of effective regulations on rabies control in tropical regions highlight: vaccination programs targeting pet domestications; reducing risk of rabies transmission through domesticated livestock; including rules on control, risk regulation, and animal population control; outlining minimum standards for health facilities and veterinary services; retraining healthcare workers and veterinarians involved in rabies prevention is necessary.

Designing Effective Regulations on Rabies Control in Tropical Regions: A Systematic Literature Review Ni Putu Meiliana Dewantari; I Nyoman Bagiastra; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v5i2.1140

Rabies, a global public health issue with a 100% mortality rate, affects tens of thousands annually, primarily in tropical regions, and is widespread in over 150 regions. Effective rabies control regulations are crucial in tropical regions due to limited healthcare, dense population, and virus-carrying species, promoting well-being, reducing costs, and promoting sustainability. This article aims to design effective regulations on rabies control in tropical regions. The study utilized a systematic literature review to explore effective rabies control in tropical regions. The analysis used Publish and Perish 8 tool and Mendeley Reference Manager software. The PRISMA was employed to guide the investigation. The study identified 26 significant research articles from 357 exclusions. The results reveal that pet rabies regulations may not effectively control outbreaks, requiring prioritizing awareness campaigns due to resource constraints, weak healthcare systems, and cultural factors in tropical regions. Therefore, the design of effective regulations on rabies control in tropical regions highlight: vaccination programs targeting pet domestications; reducing risk of rabies transmission through domesticated livestock; including rules on control, risk regulation, and animal population control; outlining minimum standards for health facilities and veterinary services; retraining healthcare workers and veterinarians involved in rabies prevention is necessary.

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