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Historical and Cultural Factors in Indonesian Civil-Military Relations Burhanuddin, Agussalim
KRITIS : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Hasanuddin Volume 1 Number 2, Dec 2015
Publisher : FISIP UNHAS

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Abstrak : Perdebatan teoretis dalam bidang hubungan sipil-militer telah didominasi oleh teori pemisahan yang mengakui perbedaan antara lembaga sipil dan militer, dan interaksi antara mereka harus dipertahankan sebagai dalam bentuk yang sipil memegang kontrol atas militer. Namun, Rebecca Schiff mengusulkan teori konkordansi sebagai alternatif yang menunjukkan suatu bentuk integrasi antara militer dan masyarakat.  Teori   konkordansi   digunakan   sebagai   model   analisis   untuk   mengatasi   faktor-faktor sejarah  dan  budaya  dalam  hubungan  sipil-militer  Indonesia. Penelitian ini  menggunakan  empat aspek  konkordansi  sebagai  instrumen  untuk  mengukur  apa  tingkat  kesepakatan  dapat  dicapai  antara militer, elit politik, dan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun faktor sejarah dan budaya telah memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk hubungan sipil-militer di Indonesia, mereka gagal  untuk  membangun  hubungan  sipil-militer  baik  yang  didasarkan  pada  gagasan  supremasi  sipil. Kata kunci: teori konkordansi, hubungan sipil-militer, faktor sejarah dan budaya, supremasi sipil.Kata kunci : Teori konkordansi, hubungan sipil-militer, faktor sejarah dan budaya, supremasi sipil.Abstract : The theoretical debate in area of civil-military relations has been dominated by separation theories which recognize the distinction between civilian and military institutions, and the interaction between them should be maintained as in a form that civilian holds control over the military. However, Rebecca Schiff proposes the concordance theory as an alternative that suggests a form of integration between the military and society. This theory of concordance is used as a model of analysis for addressing historical and cultural factors in Indonesian civil-military relations. The study uses the four aspects of concordance as instruments to measure on what level of agreement can be achieved among the military, political elites, and society. The result shows that although historical and cultural factors have played important roles in shaping civil-military relations in Indonesia, they fail to build good civil-military relations which is based on the idea of civilian supremacy.Key words : The  concordance  theory,  civil-military  relations, historical  and  cultural  factors, civilian supremacy.
Rethinking World System Theory: A Historical and Conceptual Analysis Burhanuddin, Agussalim
WANUA : Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Volume 1 Number 1, July 2015
Publisher : Jurusan Hubungan Internasional UNHAS

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This article is a historical and conceptual analysis of World Systems Theory which proposed by Immanuel Wallerstein. This paper aims to explore historical framework of world system theory, explain the unit of analysis, and describe its relationship with other social science theories. Historical exploration of Wallerstein and this theory show a strong influence of historical study were obtained from Wallerstein background and people around him. Conceptual analysis to this theory shows that Wallerstein use Marx’s concept about social class struggle then raise in a global context by using state as the actors. In conjunction with other theories, world system theory fundamentally supports theory of dependence from Gunder Frank, and otherwise sharply criticizes modernization approach and developmental stage model by Walt Rostow.
YOUTH AND NATIONALISM IN AN INDONESIAN BORDER COMMUNITY Yani, Andi Ahmad; Sangkala, Sangkala; Ramli AT, Muhammad; Burhanuddin, Agussalim; Ahmad, Badu
ISJN Journal Vol 1 No 1 (2019): Volume 1 Issue 1 2019
Publisher : Indonesia Social Justice Network (ISJN)

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The spirit of nationalism in youth groups is still in the question due to globalization awareness. This becomes a bigger question in border communities since they may have ?split national identity? in the daily life. In most studies of nationalism, traditional and liberal notion are highlightedTamir,1993; Druckman, 1994; Ignatieff, 1994; Shulman, 2002;). Traditional nationalism mainly refers to the love of the country affected by emotional attachment as native citizens. Conversely, liberal nationalism implies to a concept of nationalism based on the value of rationality and the desire for more independent thinking. Since there has not been many studies discussing youth nationalism in border areas, this research aims to identify the nationalism dynamic of youth groups in Sebatik Island, a border area with Malaysia?s territory in North Kalimantan Province. The study used survey and interview methods with 115 twelfth-grade students of four senior high schools as the subjects. The numbers of respondents represented four sub-districts in Sebatik Island. Using purposive sampling methods, the researchers selected students who have obtained the right to vote to address their political view. The result indicated that the youths of Sebatik Island tended to have traditional rather than liberal nationalism
BEHIND RUSSIA’S INVASION OF UKRAINE: THE CLASH OF DIFFERENT MODE OF CAPITALISM Oktaviano, Nandito; Burhanuddin, Agussalim
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 25, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This research aims to analyse Russian foreign policy toward Ukraine from 2014 to 2022. It uses a dual logical plural approach from Marxist IR Theory. This approach greatly emphasises the importance of two systemic logics, namely capitalism and geopolitics. Since this approach is used in the realm of foreign policy analysis, contextualisation of the level analysis is needed. In this case, the dual logical plural approach proposes a distinctive description of these levels of analysis. International condition refers to the imperialism of the present world order, domestic factor refers to the development of state capitalism, and actors refer to the alliance of political elite and capitalist class of state. Based on those distinctive features, this research concludes several crucial points. First, the expansionist economic manoeuvre of the European Union and the imperialist manoeuvre of the US played crucial roles in affecting Russia's foreign policy toward Ukraine from 2014-2022. Second, the specific history of Russian capitalism development, which gave birth to the emergence of regressive Caesarism, also plays a significant role. Third, the development of Ukraine's capitalism and its class dynamics play a central role in navigating Russia's or Western states' manoeuvres. The dominance of Western Ukraine, which particularly articulates the interests of Ukraine's middle class and Western states' geopolitical or economic interests, significantly forces Russia to change the nature of its policy from annexation to invasion Keywords: American imperialism, European Union expansion, Russian capitalism, regressive caesarism
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN SEKURITISASI MARITIM PRESIDEN JOKOWI DALAM MENGHADAPI AKTIVITAS ILEGAL DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA R, Febiana; Burhanuddin, Agussalim
Jurnal Studi Diplomasi dan Keamanan Vol 16, No 1 (2024): Jurnal Studi Diplomasi dan Keamanan
Publisher : Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/jsdk.v16i1.11238

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Secara geografis posisi Indonesia sebagai jalur lintasan perdagangan internasioanal membuat Indonesia rentan akan aktivitas-aktivitas ilegal sehingga diperlukan kebijakan sekuritisasi maritim dalam memerangi aktivitas tersebut. Penelitian ini akan menguraikan strategi dan tantangan dalam implementasi kebijakan sekuritisasi maritim pada era pemerintahan presiden Jokowi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang memanfaatkan berbagai data sekunder yang memiliki korelasi dengan kebijakan sekuritisasi maritim di era Presiden Jokowi dengan menggunakan tipe deskriptif dengan menjelaskan keadaan dan fakta empiris yang disertai dengan argumen-argumen yang relevan. Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas illegal yang paling marak di Indonesia adalah illegal fishing, penyelundupan dan perompakan yang pada dasarnya terjadi akibat kurangnya pengawasan dan penegakan hukum oleh instansi terkait sehingga menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar bagi Indonesia. Merespon hal tersebut, kebijakan sekuritisasi maritim pada era Presiden Jokowi mulai diperkuat dengan penenggelaman kapal asing yang melakukan aktivitas ilegal, peningkatan kapasitas pengawasan laut, dan modernisasi alat- alat pertahanan maritim.
Maritime Potential Analysis for Barru Regency Economic Development Nursyahbani, A.Amirah; Akram, Ahmad Chusnul; Burhanuddin, Agussalim
Meraja journal Vol 5 No 3 (2022): Mrj 2022
Publisher : P3M Stia Al Gazali Barru and Meraja media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33080/mrj.v5i3.254

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[Full Paper] to pdf Copyright (c) 2022 Meraja journal
INDONESIA'S EFFORTS TO ADDRESS HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS AGAINST ITS SEAFARERS ON LONG XING VESSEL Gymnastiar, Ibnu Alif Daffa; Burhanuddin, Agussalim
JIMR : Journal Of International Multidisciplinary Research Vol 2 No 02 (2023): JIMR : Journal Of International Multidisciplinary Research
Publisher : Pusat Studi Ekonomi Publikasi Ilmiah dan Pengembangan SDM Azramedia indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62668/jimr.v2i02.836

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This paper aims to discuss Indonesia's action in resolving the case of human rights violations of its seafarers on Chinese-flagged Long Xing vessels in 2020. In fact, there were 88 Indonesian seafarers who were distributed to fishing vessels named Long Xing owned by the Dalian Ocean Fisihing Co., Ltf group. However, it was revealed that there were violations of the seafarers' human rights on one of the vessels, Long Xing 629. These violations included drinking distilled seawater, working 18 hours per day, and salary deductions that ultimately affected the physical and mental health of the seafarers, leading to death and sea burial. This paper uses descriptive and analytical methods to explain what the Indonesian government did to resolve the viola tions of the Indonesian seafarers' human rights through diplomacy and law enforcement. As a result, the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs managed to hold a bilateral meeting with the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs to confirm and conduct a thorough investigation. In addition, the Indonesian National Police named six suspects for distributing seafarers to Long Xing vessels in Indonesia for violating Law No. 21 of 2007. The Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs represented by the Indonesian Embassy in Dakar successfully repatriated 88 Indonesian seafarers who worked at Long Xing vessels to return home safely after negotiations with the Senegalese government. The Indonesian government is committed to preventing similar cases against Indonesian seafarers from reoccurring.
ANALISIS SUSTAINABILITAS SUMBER DAYA ALAM DI TAMAN NASIONAL BUNAKEN MANADO TUA Wijaya, Angelin Gita; Burhanuddin, Agussalim
Triwikrama: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Vol. 5 No. 3 (2024): Triwikrama: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.6578/triwikrama.v5i2.6183

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Identifikasi keberlanjutan sumber daya alam di Taman Nasional Bunaken Manado Tua merupakan upaya untuk memahami dan melindungi ekosistem laut yang kaya dan beragam di kawasan tersebut. Penelitian ini mengkaji kondisi lingkungan, keragaman hayati, dan praktik pengelolaan yang ada di taman nasional. Taman Nasional ini memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi dan menjadi salah satu destinasi wisata Bahari terkemuka di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif untuk melihat fenomena ini dalam suatu sudut pandang secara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Taman Nasional Bunaken memiliki potensi yang besar untuk pengembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan, tantangan seperti penangkapan ikan berlebih, polusi, dan perubahan iklim mengancam keberlanjutan sumber daya alamnya. Rekomendasi yang diusulkan meliputi peningkatan pengawasan, edukasi masyarakat, dan pengembangan kebijakan yang mendukung konservasi dan penggunaan sumber daya yang bijaksana. Dengan strategi yang tepat, diharapkan Taman Nasional Bunaken dapat terus menjadi contoh keberlanjutan sumber daya alam di Indonesia. Identification of the sustainability of natural resources in the Bunaken Manado Tua National Park is an effort to understand and protect the rich and diverse marine ecosystem in the area. This research examines environmental conditions, biodiversity and existing management practices in national parks. This National Park has high biodiversity and is one of the leading marine tourism destinations in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative method to see this phenomenon from an in-depth perspective. The research results show that although Bunaken National Park has great potential for sustainable tourism development, challenges such as overfishing, pollution and climate change threaten the sustainability of its natural resources. Proposed recommendations include increased monitoring, public education, and development of policies that support conservation and wise use of resources. With the right strategy, it is hoped that Bunaken National Park can continue to be an example of the sustainability of natural resources in Indonesia.
ANALISIS SISTEMATIS PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH PLASTIK LAUT DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI EKOSISTEM LAUT Syamsurya, Marwah; Burhanuddin, Agussalim
Triwikrama: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Vol. 5 No. 7 (2024): Triwikrama: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.6578/triwikrama.v5i7.7205

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Indonesia has 187.2 million tonnes of marine plastic waste, the second largest in the world after China. Coastal areas are where land and ocean meet, and the two influence each other physically, socially and economically. Rubbish that accumulates along the coast is one of the problems that is less noticed by the community. This study uses secondary data observation research methodology from all literature, including journals, articles and scientific papers. The legal basis of waste management at the local government level, including the responsibilities imposed on the community, is controlled by Government Regulation No. 81 of 2012 concerning Management of Household Waste and Waste Similar to Household Waste, Regional Head Regulations on policies and strategies for managing household waste and waste similar to household waste, and Presidential Instruction No. 97 of 2017 concerning strategic policies for managing this type of waste. Indonesia memiliki 187,2 juta ton sampah plastik di laut terbesar kedua di dunia setelah Cina. Wilayah pesisir merupakan tempat bertemunya daratan, lautan, dan keduanya saling mempengaruhi dari segi fisik, sosial, maupun ekonomi. Sampah yang menumpuk di sepanjang pantai adalah salah satu masalah yang kurang diperhatikan oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini dengan metodologi penelitian observasi data sekunder dari semua literatur, termasuk jurnal, artikel dan makalah ilmiah. Berdasarkan hasil rujukan Landasan hukum pengelolaan sampah di tingkat pemerintah daerah, termasuk tanggung jawab yang dibebankan kepada masyarakat, dikendalikan oleh Peraturan Pemerintah No. 81 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Sampah Sejenis Sampah Rumah Tangga, Peraturan Kepala Daerah tentang kebijakan dan strategi pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga dan sampah sejenis sampah rumah tangga, dan Instruksi Presiden No. 97 Tahun 2017 tentang kebijakan strategis pengelolaan sampah jenis ini.
CONFLICT IN SOUTH CHINA SEA BETWEEN CHINA AND PHILIPPINES Seniwati, Seniwati; Hudzon, Muhammad Rofif; Burhanuddin, Agussalim
Triwikrama: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Vol. 5 No. 8 (2024): Triwikrama: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.6578/triwikrama.v5i8.7463

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The South China Sea sovereignty dispute between China and the Philippines has been ongoing for decades, with tensions peaking after China took over Mischief Reef in 1995. The dispute involves overlapping claims over a strategic and resource-rich area, including oil, natural gas, and marine products. The method used in this research is library research, which is a method of collecting data through academic literature, journals, books, and relevant reference sources. The theory in this research is to explore International Conflict Theories & History of South China Sea. Which International Conflict Theories highlight the important role of conflict in driving social change, involves cross-border actors, and requires a comprehensive approach to prevention and resolution at the global level. The History of South China Sea covers important trade routes, countries' sovereignty claims, and centuries of geopolitical tensions due to economic and military interests. The South China Sea dispute involves multiple countries with overlapping territorial claims and resource interests. The conflict is fueled by huge economic potential, such as oil, gas and vital trade routes. Growing tensions, especially between China and the Philippines, require a careful diplomatic solution. To prevent a more dangerous escalation of the conflict, international cooperation is needed from each country involved as well as from outside to maintain and stabilize regional security in the South China Sea Region.