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All Journal Jurnal Kesmas dan Gizi (JKG) Jurnal Gizi Prima Jurnal ABDINUS : Jurnal Pengabdian Nusantara Aloha International Journal of Multidisciplinary Advancement (AIJMU) Proceedings of the International Conference on Nursing and Health Sciences Journal of Health and Nutrition Research Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pengembangan Masyarakat Indonesia Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Indonesia Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Journal of Nutrition Explorations
Nuswantari, Atika
Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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A Body Composition and Anthropometric Indicators as Predictors of Health-Related Fitness Atika Nuswantari; Khristine Saputri; Taufiqurrahman; Devi Eka Ratnasari; Husnul Halimah
Jurnal Gizi Prima (Prime Nutrition Journal) Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Gizi Prima (Prime Nutrition journal)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32807/jgp.v11i2.721

Abstract

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness is a key health indicator in young adults and can be influenced by anthropometric characteristics and body composition. Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat percentage, and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) are indicators that can be used to describe these characteristics. However, findings regarding the contribution of each indicator to cardiorespiratory fitness remain inconsistent. This study aims to analyze the relationship of BMI, body fat percentage, and WHR with the cardiorespiratory fitness index among university students. Research Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design involving second-year students from the Department of Nutrition at Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya. A total of 98 respondents participated in the study. Data collected included body weight, height, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using the Harvard Step Test. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Spearman correlation, while multivariate analysis utilized multiple linear regression with heteroskedasticity-consistent standard errors (HC3). Research Result: The mean age of the respondents was 18.68 ± 0.62 years; BMI was 22.65 ± 4.86 kg/m²; body fat percentage was 27.67 ± 6.70%; WHR was 0.80 ± 0.06; and the Harvard Step Test score was 71.31 ± 16.51. Bivariate analysis revealed a very strong negative correlation between BMI and the Harvard Step Test (r = −0.816; p < 0.001) and a moderate negative correlation between body fat percentage and the Harvard Step Test (r = −0.508; p < 0.001). WHR did not show a significant relationship with the Harvard Step Test (r = −0.191; p = 0.059). Regression analysis indicated that BMI was the only significant predictor when controlled for body fat percentage and WHR (B = −2.863; 95% CI: −3.945 to −1.780; p < 0.001). Body fat percentage (B = 0.285; p = 0.377) and WHR (B = −26.037; p = 0.246) did not show significant associations. The model simultaneously explained 57.9% of the variation in the Harvard Step Test, with an Adjusted R² of 56.6%. Conclusion: BMI is the anthropometric indicator most consistently associated with the cardiorespiratory fitness index among university students. The higher the BMI, the lower the Harvard Step Test score. Although body fat percentage showed an association in the bivariate analysis, this relationship was no longer significant after controlling for BMI and the waist-to-hip ratio.
Body Fat Percentage as an Indicator of Adiposity in Adolescents: An Overview Based on Circadian Rhythm, Ultra-Processed Food Consumption, and Physical Activity Khristine Saputri; Devi Eka Ratnasari; Atika Nuswantari; Husnul Halimah
JURNAL KESMAS DAN GIZI (JKG) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Kesmas dan Gizi (JKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/jkg.v9i1.3919

Abstract

Obesity among adolescents is an important nutritional problem associated with an increased risk of metabolic disorders and non-communicable diseases. Body fat percentage provides a more specific assessment of adiposity than body mass index, while circadian rhythm, ultra-processed food consumption, and physical activity are lifestyle factors that may be associated with adolescent adiposity. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of circadian rhythm, ultra-processed food consumption, physical activity, and body fat percentage and to examine the relationships of these factors with body fat percentage among adolescents. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 110 adolescents aged 16–18 years at senior high schools in Surabaya in June 2026. Circadian rhythm was assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, ultra-processed food consumption was assessed using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire based on the NOVA classification, physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, and body fat percentage was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Spearman rank correlation test with a significance level of 5%. The results show that circadian rhythm is not significantly associated with body fat percentage (r = −0.221; p = 0.053). Ultra-processed food consumption is positively and significantly associated with body fat percentage (r = 0.461; p = 0.016), whereas physical activity is negatively and significantly associated with body fat percentage (r = −0.411; p = 0.002). Thus, higher ultra-processed food consumption and lower physical activity are associated with a higher body fat percentage, whereas circadian rhythm shows no significant association with body fat percentage.
Co-Authors Ani Intiyati Arifah, Jazilah Nur Devi Eka Ratnasari Devi Eka Ratnasari Endah Sukminingsih Fahmi Hafid Fahmi Hafid Hikmah Husnul Halimah Isaura, Emyr Reisha Jayeng Wijayanti, Erlyna Juliana Christyaningsih Khristine Saputri Khristine Saputri Khristine Saputri Melina Sari Mujayanto Nasrul Nasrul Nur Hatijah Prasetyawan, A. E. Rahardjo, Setyo Sri Rahayuningtyas, Rina Ratno Ratno Risma Sariman, Sarina Sarina Sariman Setyo Sri Rahardjo Shofiya, Dian Sri Rahayu, Yayuk Sumasto, Hery Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman yulia lanti retno dewi Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi