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Interpretation of Freedom of Contract to the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Alwan, Sultan
Khairun Law Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2018): Volume 2 Issue 1, September 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Khairun University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/klj.v2i1.1887

The principle of freedom of contract is a principle in the treaty law that cannot be understood absolutely for anyone who is involved in an agreement. In order to make a binding in the contract/agreement, the parties should still take into account the essence of the equilibrium value of the parties to an agreement to avoid the existence of contracts/standard agreements that would precisely eliminate the value of justice for the right that should be obtained for one of the contracting parties. for example, contracts/labour agreements made between employers and workers/labourers in the case of termination of employment due to the existence of inter-worker/labourer marriage ropes in one company as regulated in Article 153 paragraph (1) letter f of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 Year 2003 concerning Manpower. For the applicant a judicial review of the provisions of the article in the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia, to assess the provisions of that article is of constitutional harm if such provisions continue. The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia in its legal consideration of Decision Number 13/PUU-XV/2017 considers the principle of freedom of contract in the context of the article whose judicial review is no longer relevantbecause it does not meet the value of the balance in the process of contracting/agreement and eliminating the justice of one of the parties involved in the contract.

Legal Considerations from Judges in Supreme Court Decree No. 85 K/Pid.Sus/2013 Concerning the Acquittal of Exhibitionism Perpetrators and Their Implications as a Jurisprudence Alwan, Sultan; Arsad, Jamal Hi; Alauddin, Rusdin; Faisal, Faisal; Laha, Fatma; Amirudin Umasangaji
Jurnal Jurisprudence Vol. 12, No. 2, December 2022
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jurisprudence.v12i2.1401

ABSTRACT Purpose of the study: This paper aims to provide a juridical analysis and the implications of the Supreme Court Decision Number 85 K/Pid.Sus/2013, where an exhibitionist perpetrator was declared to have a mental illness and he could not be held responsible. Methodology: This research used a normative juridical method with a library research approach. It was a descriptive study, which aimed to provide insight into the implication of judges in Supreme Court Decree No. 85 K/Pid.Sus/2013 for the case exhibitionism as a jurisprudence. Results: Based on the results of the Supreme Court Decision, the judge was wrong in placing exhibitionism as an excuse for eliminating criminal liability. This was based on theories and opinions which say that exhibitionism is not included in the provisions as a reason for eliminating criminal liability because exhibitionism is a type of disorder that is different from the disorders contained in the provisions regarding reasons for criminal elimination, i.e., Article 44 of the Criminal Code concerning the ability to be responsible. Exhibitionism is a sexual disorder, as opposed to a type of psychiatric disorder or psychosis contained in Article 44 of the Criminal Code. The judge also failed to base his decision on an examination by a psychiatrist who has the expertise to accurately determine the perpetrator’s mental condition. Applications of this study: This paper can be applied to prevent future occurrences of similar cases, where exhibitionists are not held accountable for their actions. This may bring more harm than good because exhibitionists will feel they have the freedom to disturb public peace by carrying out exhibitionism. Novelty/Originality of this study: No previous researchers have studied this decision and its implications. Keywords: legal consideration; supreme court; exhibitionism; implications; jurisprudence. ABSTRAK Tujuan: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan analisis yuridis dan implikasi dari Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 85 K/Pid.Sus/2013, dimana seorang pelaku eksibisionis dinyatakan sakit jiwa dan tidak dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban. Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, yang bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang implikasi hakim dalam Keputusan Mahkamah Agung No. 85 K/Pid.Sus/2013 terhadap kasus eksibisionisme sebagai yurisprudensi. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil Putusan MA, hakim salah menempatkan eksibisionisme sebagai dalih penghapusan pertanggungjawaban pidana. Hal ini didasarkan pada teori dan pendapat yang mengatakan bahwa eksibisionisme tidak termasuk dalam ketentuan sebagai alasan penghapusan pertanggungjawaban pidana karena eksibisionisme merupakan jenis gangguan yang berbeda dengan gangguan yang terdapat dalam ketentuan mengenai alasan penghapusan pidana yaitu Pasal 44 KUHP tentang kesanggupan untuk bertanggung jawab. Eksibisionisme adalah gangguan seksual, berbeda dengan jenis gangguan kejiwaan atau psikosis yang terdapat dalam Pasal 44 KUHP. Hakim juga tidak mendasarkan putusannya pada pemeriksaan psikiater yang memiliki keahlian untuk menentukan secara akurat kondisi kejiwaan pelaku. Aplikasi penelitian ini : Artikel ini dapat diterapkan untuk mencegah kejadian serupa di masa mendatang, di mana eksibisionis tidak bertanggung jawab atas tindakan mereka. Hal ini mungkin membawa lebih banyak kerugian karena eksibisionis akan merasa memiliki kebebasan untuk mengganggu ketentraman masyarakat dengan melakukan eksibisionisme Kebaruan/Orisinalitas: Tidak ada peneliti sebelumnya yang mempelajari keputusan ini dan implikasinya. Kata kunci: pertimbangan hukum; Mahkamah Agung; eksibisionisme; implikasi; yurisprudensi

Dissenting Opinion on the Constitutionality of Capital Punishment for Narcotics Crime Palevo, Ernesto; Hi Arsad, Jamal; Faisal, Faisal; Muhammad, Amin; Laha, Fatma; Alwan, Sultan
Jurnal Jurisprudence Vol. 13, No. 1, June 2023
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jurisprudence.v13i1.1794

ABSTRACT Purpose of the study: This paper aimed to answer the issues of the judicial analysis of cases No. 2 and 3/PUU-V/2007 and the reasons the judge assembly chose to present dissenting opinions. Methodology: This research employed the normative juridical method. It applied literary materials as well as the literary and statute approaches. The statute approach functioned to analyze regulations that became the judges' consideration sources. Results: The Constitutional Court assessed whether the crime of narcotics punishable by death is the most serious crime. According to the Constitutional Court, the phrase “the most serious crimes” must also be recited with the phrase “according to the law that is applicable during the occurrence of that crime.” The Constitutional Court assessed that at the national level, the law applicable at that time was the Law on Narcotics. Then, at the international level, Indonesia ratified the International Convention on Narcotics and Psychotropics in 1997. The Constitutional Court argued that capital punishment was constitutional based on Article 28J Paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution stating that, “In exercising his/her rights and freedoms, every person shall have the duty to accept the restrictions established by law for the sole purposes of guaranteeing the recognition and respect of the rights and freedoms of others and of satisfying just demands based upon considerations of morality, religious values, security and public order in a democratic society.” Applications of this study: Society and the government can use this research's results to understand why the death penalty is constitutional in Indonesia. It will motivate both parties to avoid committing crimes, particularly the serious ones. Novelty/Originality of this study: This writing proves how capital punishment is constitutional in the Indonesian legal system. Keywords: Narcotics, Drugs, Capital Punishment, Constitutional Court, Decision, Constitutional, Death Penalty. ABSTRAK Tujuan: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjawab persoalan analisis hukum perkara No. 2 dan 3/PUU-V/2007 serta alasan mengapa majelis hakim mengajukan pendapat berbeda. Metodologi: Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan metode yuridis normatif. Peneliti mengguakan bahan-bahan kepustakaan serta pendekatan pustaka dan undang-undang. Pendekatan undang-undang bertujuan untuk menganalisis peraturan yang menjadi sumber pertimbangan hakim. Temuan: Mahkamah Konstitusi mengevaluasi apakah tindak pidana narkotika yang diancam dengan hukuman mati merupakan tindak pidana yang paling berat. Menurut Mahkamah Konstitusi, kata “kejahatan yang paling berat” juga harus diartikan bersama dengan kata “menurut hukum yang berlaku selama terjadinya kejahatan tersebut”. Mahkamah Konstitusi menilai bahwa hukum yang berlaku secara nasional adalah UU Narkotika. Sedangkan di tingkat internasional, Indonesia mengesahkan Konvensi Internasional Narkotika dan Psikotropika pada tahun 1997. Mahkamah Konstitusi berpendapat bahwa pidana mati bersifat konstitusional berdasarkan Pasal 28J Ayat (2) UUD 1945 yang berbunyi, “Dalam menjalankan hak dan kebebasannya,setiap orang wajib tunduk kepada pembatasan yang ditetapkan dengan undang-undang dengan maksud untuk menjamin pengakuan serta penghormatan atas hak kebebasan orang lain dan untuk memenuhi tuntutan yang adil sesuai dengan pertimbangan moral, nilai-nilai agama, keamanan, dan ketertiban umum dalam suatu masyarakat demokratis.” Kegunaan: Masyarakat dan pemerintah dapat mengaplikasikan hasil penelitian ini agar memahami mengapa hukuman mati bersifat konstitusional di Indonesia. Hal ini akan memotivasi kedua belah pihak untuk menghindari perbuatan kejahatan, terutama kejahatan serius. Kebaruan/Orisinalitas: Tulisan ini membuktikan bagaimana pidana mati bersifat konstitusional dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Narkotika, Narkoba, Hukuman Mati, Pengadilan Konstitusional, Putusan, Konstitusional, Hukuman Mati

Analisis Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Pemilihan Kepala Desa Di Kabupaten Halmahera Barat Tahun 2022 Alwan, Sultan; Daud, Bambang; Putra, Grahadi Purna
Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Vol. 4 No. 4 (2024): Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/innovative.v4i4.14161

Pemilihan Kepala Desa merupakan sebuah instrumen pergantian kepemimpinan di tingkat desa secara demokratis yang dilakukan secara langsung, namun pada tataran implementasinya acapkali terjadi kecurangan baik pada tahapan maupun terkait hasil Pilkades yang berujung pada laporan kepada pihak yang berwenang. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang Analisis Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Pemilihan Kepala Desa di Kabupaten Halmahera Barat Tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Berangkat dari persoalan keluarnya Keputusan Bupati Halmahera Barat Nomor 140/KPTS/IX/2022 tentang Pengesahan dan Pengangkatan Kepala Desa terpilih di Kecamatan Ibu Selatan Kabupaten Halmahera Barat. Fokus permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah tentang implementasi penyelesaian sengketa pemilihan kepala desa di Kabupaten Halmahera Barat tahun 2022. hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi dalam menyelesaikan persoalan pemilihan kepala desa berdasarkan asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik. Hasil penelitian menujukan terdapat 8 gugatan yang diajukan kepada panitaia penyelesaian sengketa tingkat kabupaten 6 daiantaranya dapat diselesaiakan. Sedangkan 2 gugatan terkait hasil Pilkades diselesaiakan melalui gugatan ke PTUN. Ratio decidendi putusan PTUN yang dikuatkan di tingkat banding menyebutkan : yang dimaksud dengan jumlah pemilih terbanyak, diatur Pasal 63 ayat (1) PERBUP Halmahera Barat Nomor 43 Tahun 2022 adalah jumlah pemilih yang terdaftar dalam DPT, bukan jumlah pengguna hak pilih dalam DPT.

Implikasi Hukum Pembentukan Peraturan Pelaksana Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Atas Pengujian Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja Rizki, Muhammad; Alwan, Sultan; Rumkel, Nam
AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah INSURI Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37680/almanhaj.v5i2.3162

This study aims to examine the legal status and binding force of the Implementing Regulations enacted and analyze the legal implications of the formation of Implementing Regulations post-Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020. The research method used is empirical with data collection through literature review, interviews, and supporting theories. The data analysis technique employed is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study indicate that the formation of three Implementing Regulations after Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 in the context of the Omnibus Law on Job Creation lacks legal status and binding force in the enforcement of norms. Moreover, Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020, which examined the formal aspects of Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, has wide-ranging implications. Through its decision, the Constitutional Court, particularly in point 7, suspends actions or strategic policies with broad impacts and prohibits the issuance of implementing regulations.

Interpretation of Freedom of Contract to the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Alwan, Sultan
Khairun Law Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2018): Volume 2 Issue 1, September 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Khairun University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/klj.v2i1.1887

The principle of freedom of contract is a principle in the treaty law that cannot be understood absolutely for anyone who is involved in an agreement. In order to make a binding in the contract/agreement, the parties should still take into account the essence of the equilibrium value of the parties to an agreement to avoid the existence of contracts/standard agreements that would precisely eliminate the value of justice for the right that should be obtained for one of the contracting parties. for example, contracts/labour agreements made between employers and workers/labourers in the case of termination of employment due to the existence of inter-worker/labourer marriage ropes in one company as regulated in Article 153 paragraph (1) letter f of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 Year 2003 concerning Manpower. For the applicant a judicial review of the provisions of the article in the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia, to assess the provisions of that article is of constitutional harm if such provisions continue. The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia in its legal consideration of Decision Number 13/PUU-XV/2017 considers the principle of freedom of contract in the context of the article whose judicial review is no longer relevantbecause it does not meet the value of the balance in the process of contracting/agreement and eliminating the justice of one of the parties involved in the contract.

Efektivitas Hukum Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Maluku Utara: Studi Kasus Pulau Rao Luhulima, Muhammad Fadly; Alwan, Sultan; Rosyidi, Irham
Wajah Hukum Vol 8, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Batanghari Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33087/wjh.v8i1.1423

The use of prohibited fishing gear continues to pose a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems. The Regional Water Conservation Area Agency (Balai Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah or KKPD) in North Maluku plays a crucial role in educating the public on responsible fishing practices for the sustainability of the region. However, insufficient socialization and monitoring in the conservation area of Pulau Mare have led to illegal fishing activities that harm the ecosystem. Lack of transparency in information regarding the performance of the KKPD becomes a challenge, leaving the community unaware of the progress in surveillance, rehabilitation, and utilization by the agency. This research analyzes the legal effectiveness of water conservation area management in North Maluku Province, focusing on the Pulau Rao-Tanjung Dehegila Conservation Area. The research employs a juridical-empirical method with primary data obtained through interviews and secondary data from literature studies. Ministerial Decree No. 67/KEPMEN-KP/2020 and Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation No. 31/PERMEN-KP/2020 mandate proper management. However, the implementation of these regulations has yet to be effective. In conclusion, water conservation area management in North Maluku requires increased socialization to raise awareness and garner public support for established programs. Further efforts are needed to ensure the effectiveness of these programs.

Fungsi Jaksa Pengacara Negara dalam Penegakan Hukum Non Litigasi pada Pelaksanaan Program Jaminan Sosial Ketenagakerjaan Fahrudin, Raden Muhammad Ridwan; Alting, Husein; Alwan, Sultan
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v9i12.17255

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas dan hambatan dalam peran Jaksa Pengacara Negara (JPN) dalam penegakan hukum non-litigasi pada program Jaminan Sosial Ketenagakerjaan, khususnya melalui kerjasama antara Kejaksaan Tinggi Maluku Utara dan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Kantor Cabang Ternate. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum empiris (sosio-legal study) dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis yang menggabungkan wawancara, observasi, dan telaah pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas fungsi JPN dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan pemberi kerja terhadap kewajiban jaminan sosial ketenagakerjaan masih belum optimal, meskipun terdapat peningkatan jumlah pekerja yang terdaftar setiap tahunnya. Hambatan yang dihadapi meliputi kendala internal seperti keterbatasan pengetahuan, pengalaman, dan jumlah personel JPN, serta kendala eksternal seperti data yang tidak lengkap dari BPJS Ketenagakerjaan dan lokasi geografis pemberi kerja yang sulit dijangkau. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa meskipun JPN telah berupaya meningkatkan kepatuhan pemberi kerja, peran mereka masih belum sepenuhnya efektif. Implikasi dari temuan ini adalah perlunya peningkatan kapasitas dan sinergi antara JPN dan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penegakan hukum non-litigasi dalam program jaminan sosial ketenagakerjaan.

KOEKSISTENSI DAN PERLINDUNGAN MASYARAKAT ADAT O'HONGANA MANYAWA DI WILAYAH PERTAMBANGAN NIKEL Sinay, Siti Barora; Alting, Husen; Alwan, Sultan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 002 (2024): Pena Justisia (Special Issue)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i3.5532

Nickel mining in Halmahera, especially in Central Halmahera and East Halmahera Regencies, makes a major contribution to the national economy through the downstreaming of strategic minerals. However, these activities have serious impacts on the forest ecosystem and the lives of the O'Hongana Manyawa indigenous people, which relies heavily on their living space for cultural sustainability and livelihoods. This research aims to analyze the co-existence between mining activities and the protection of indigenous communities, with a focus on the legal framework, evaluation of protection practices. The research uses empirical legal methods through in-depth interviews, field observations, and secondary document studies. The research results show that the overlap of mining concession areas with the living spaces of indigenous communities causes environmental damage, social marginalization and loss of cultural identity. Existing regulations, such as AMDAL, do not fully protect the rights of indigenous peoples because their implementation is weak. Therefore, a more balanced approach is needed, such as recognition of traditional territories, application of the principles of Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), as well as empowerment programs based on local culture. In conclusion, protection of indigenous communities must be a priority to ensure social, cultural and ecological sustainability amidst industrial development.

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