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Journal : ProTVF

Analyzing sexual violence in Photocopier films: A multimodal discourse approach Fiardi, Rahma Khairunnisa; Agung, Lingga; Putra, Wibisono Tegar Guna
ProTVF Vol 8, No 1 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ptvf.v8i1.48654

Abstract

Background: The increase in sexual violence cases in Indonesia has prompted filmmakers to explore similar themes in their works. Unlike conventional films that explicitly depict rape as a manifestation of sexual violence, “Photocopier” (2021) takes a unique approach by portraying it through symbolic and metaphorical means, making it more challenging for audiences to comprehend. Purpose: This study aims to examine how “Photocopier” (2021) visualizes various forms of sexual violence in selected scenes. Methods: A qualitative approach was employed for this research. The analysis focused on acts of sexual violence depicted in several scenes of the film “Photocopier,” utilizing Andrew Burn’s theory of multimodal discourse analysis, specifically the kineikonic mode. This mode classifies the sign systems within motion media or film into three categories: embodied mode, visual mode, and auditory mode. Results: “Photocopier” (2021) illustrates sexual violence through a variety of forms, including sexual harassment, sexual exploitation, sexual intimidation, and sexual control. Implicit depictions of sexual harassment are seen, for instance, through the victim’s clothing being worn inside out. Sexual exploitation is portrayed through the sale of personal data and photographs of victims for financial gain, driven by the perpetrator’s sexual desires. Additionally, forms of intimidation and sexual control are demonstrated through the judgment imposed on victims of sexual violence who are unaware of their situation and the forcible collection of evidence with sexual undertones. Implications: This study underscores the importance of raising public awareness about the diverse manifestations of sexual violence, particularly those depicted in films, thus enhancing understanding and vigilance towards such issues.
The state, people, and zombie outbreak: Foucauldian reading of Zona Merah series Agung, Lingga; Wismoyo, Erlana Adli; Adi, Anggar Erdhina
ProTVF Vol 10, No 1 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ptvf.v10i1.62498

Abstract

Background: Indonesian horror cinema has long relied on local ghost figures, while zombies often appear as a borrowed form with weaker cultural intimacy. Zona Merah (2024), a Vidio Original series, becomes a strategic case because it shifts horror from the supernatural to a politically managed emergency, where governance operates through discourse, media visibility, and securitized control. Purpose: This study examines how Zona Merah represents the relationship between the state, the people, and the zombie outbreak, and how it articulates post-Reformasi local power through dynastic politics, oligarchic networks, and institutional capture under crisis conditions. Methods: This qualitative study applies scene-based textual analysis combined with Foucauldian discourse analysis. The primary data consists of all eight episodes of Season 1, viewed repeatedly to map recurring crisis discourse and governing practices. The analysis integrates dialogue and visual composition to identify discursive objects, authorized speakers, subject positions, and their practical effects as techniques of rule, including surveillance, scapegoating, crowd management, and decisions over protection and sacrifice. Results: Zona Merah frames the outbreak as a governance crisis, not only a biomedical event. Local elites control public announcements and TV narratives to shift blame and justify security measures that endanger citizens for elite continuity. Zaenal sustains dynastic power through institutions, media, and business networks, masked by welfare rhetoric. Dyah Ayu uses pastoral care and propaganda to manage consent and legitimize sacrifice, even at her faction’s expense. Media works as a regime of truth through “most wanted” framing that disciplines behavior via stigma and fear. Maya and Risang resist, but power also shapes social reality, limiting oppositional claims and systemic change. Conclusion: Zona Merah depicts crisis as a dispositif where power circulates through discourse, surveillance, and truth-production, enabling elite consolidation while positioning citizens as expendable. Implications: This study expands scholarship on Indonesian zombie cinema by showing how the genre can critique crisis governance, biopolitics, and media power in contemporary Indonesia.