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Journal : sinergi

THE EFFECT OF COCONUT COIR FIBER POWDER CONTENT AND HARDENER WEIGHT FRACTIONS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AN EPR-174 EPOXY RESIN COMPOSITE Muhamad Fitri; Shahruddin Mahzan; Imam Hidayat; Nurato Nurato
SINERGI Vol 25, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2021.3.013

Abstract

The development of composite materials is increasingly widespread, which require superior mechanical properties. From many studies, it is found that the mechanical properties of composite materials are influenced by various factors, including the reinforcement content, both in the form of fibers and particle powder. However, those studies have not investigated the effect of the hardener weight fraction on the mechanical properties of resin composite materials. Even though its function as a hardener is likely to affect its mechanical properties, it might obtain the optimum composition of the reinforcing content and hardener fraction to get the specific mechanical properties. This study examines the effect of hardener weight fraction combined with fiber powder content on mechanical properties of EPR-174 epoxy resin matrix composite and determines the optimum of Them. The research was conducted by testing a sample of composite matrix resin material reinforced with coconut fiber powder. The Powder content was made in 3 levels, i.e.: 6%, 8%, and 10%. While the hardener fraction of resin was made in 3 levels, i.e.: 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6. The test results showed that pure resin had the lowest impact strength of 1.37 kJ/m2. The specimen with a fiber powder content of 6% has the highest impact strength i.e.: 4.92 kJ/m2. The hardener fraction of 0.5 has the highest impact strength i.e.: 4.55 kJ/m2. The fiber powder content of 8% produced the highest shear strength i.e.: 1.00 MPa. Meanwhile, the hardener fraction of 0.6 has the highest shear strength i.e.: 2.03 MPa.
Influence of inorganic content on hydrochar quality from high-ash agar extraction waste via hydrothermal carbonization Andi Firdaus Sudarma; Edy Hartulistiyoso; Yohanes Aris Purwanto; Leopold Oscar Nelwan; Obie Farobie; Nono Darsono; Khuzaimah Arifin; Maharani Dewi Solikhah; Tri Yulni; Imam Hidayat; Muhamad Fitri; Edy Herianto Majlan
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.3.005

Abstract

Agar solid waste (ASW) has potential as a feedstock for hydrochar production because of its organic content; however, its high inorganic fraction, predominantly silica, limits its application. Furthermore, studies specifically investigating the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of ASW remain limited, given its high ash content and low energy value. This study investigated the HTC of ASW at varying temperatures (180–220 °C) and reaction times (30–90 minutes), with particular emphasis on how two inorganic components (celite versus perlite) affect hydrochar yield, composition, and energy properties. The resulting hydrochars were characterized using CHNSO, proximate, SEM, and FTIR analysis. The results revealed high ash contents reaching 77.7–92.08%, corresponding to HHV of 2.3–3.4 MJ kg⁻¹, while FTIR spectra confirmed strong silica presence through prominent Si–O–Si absorption bands. Therefore, the study provides valuable insights into silica-rich biomass behavior during HTC. The study also evaluated the relationship between HHV and ash content and analyzed the kinetic model. The results demonstrate the significant influence of inorganic components on carbonization pathways, highlighting opportunities to enhance hydrochar quality through pretreatment strategies such as acid/alkaline leaching or mineral separation.
Co-Authors Abdul Hamid Abdul Hamid Abdul Hamid Aberham Genetu Feleke Afrian, Roni Agus Hermawan Agus Noviana Agus Wibowo Ahmad Supendi AlSanousi, Dalal Alvian, Lutfi Aman Kelpia Andi Firdaus Sudarma Anton Heriawan Anugrah, Hasan Ardian, Rifky Dwi Ariansyah, Nando Arief, Sulaiman Aris Purwanto Azharuddin Azharuddin, Azharuddin Azizi, M Azizi, Muhammad Azriuddin, Muhammad Bambang Sukiyono Bustomi, Muhammad Ardi Dafit Feriyanto Daisy Mui Hung Kee Dalal AlSanousi Damanik, Fadth Rizky Darwin Sebayang Darwin Sebayang Dedik Romahadi Dedik Romahadi Deni Shidqi Khaerudini Dimas Dwi Saputra Edy Hartulistiyoso Edy Herianto Majlan Fadila, Muhammad Afif Fajar Anggara Frelly Rizqiansyah Glennart Sahat Rubian Hadi Pranoto Hadi Pranoto Hafidz Salafuddin Hafizzudin, Muhammad Hanifi, Rizal Hendrikus Wermasaubun I Gusti Ayu Arwati Imam Hidayat Imam Hidayat Iqbal Risyuma Irawan Malik kara, Reksi Bagas Kee, Daisy Mui Hung Kelpia, Aman Khariri, Muhamad Ervin Khuzaimah Arifin Kurniawan, Olivia Kurniawan, Rizki Nur Afami M. Azizi Maharani Dewi Solikhah Mahendra, Tito Syahril Sobarudin Izha Martua Limido Simanjuntak Maulana Yusuf Md Radwanul Karim Mizan, Adlan Mohamad Abror Muhammad Afiq Zakwan Muhammad Azriuddin Muhammad Edi Laksono Muhammad Hafizzudin Muhammad Imran Muhammad Rizky Imaduddin Muhammad Sulthan Yafiq Murshali, Raihan Nelwan, Leopold Oscar Nono Darsono Noviana, Agus Nur Indah Nurato Nurgiansyah, Rama Obie Farobie Okki Khusnul Mahmudin Oktaviani, Ana Nur Olivia Kurniawan Pradipta, Nanang K. Pramana, Putratama Aziz Pratama, Andrie Putra Ramadhan, Fajar Gilang Putratama Aziz Pramana R Dwi Pudji Susilo R. Dwi Pudji Susilo Rachmat Muwardi Rafi, Muhammad Miftah Rizki Nur Afami Kurniawan Rizky Fajar Sutrimo Rofiqie, Ahmad Rohmatulloh, Izzi S. Mahzan Santoso, Dwi Adi Shahruddin Mahzan Shahruddin Mahzan Shahruddin Mahzan Silvia, Vika Sitanggang, Maria Nelly Aprilianti Sri Bintang Faisal Susilo, R Dwi Pudji Susilo, R. Dwi Pudji Tarigan, Kontan Tito Syahril Sobarudin Izha Mahendra Tri Yulni Wermasaubun, Hendrikus Wibowo, Agus Setiawan Wirawanto, Teguh Yafiq, Muhammad Sulthan Yudhistira, Gilang Awan Zakaria Zakaria Zakwan, Muhammad Afiq