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All Journal Unes Law Review POLICY, LAW, NOTARY AND REGULATORY ISSUES (POLRI) Andalas Law Journal Jurnal Reformasi Hukum : Cogito Ergo Sum
Wulandari, Sinar Aju
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Humanities Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIRECT EVIDENCE TOWARDS PRICE FIXING AGREEMENTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMPETITION LAW Dewi, Elreddian Kusuma; Chumaida, Zahry Vandawati; Wulandari, Sinar Aju
POLICY, LAW, NOTARY AND REGULATORY ISSUES Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): JANUARY
Publisher : Transpublika Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/polri.v3i1.975

Abstract

In the ever-changing landscape of Indonesian business, the pursuit of profits drives actors to engage in intense competition, all regulated by the Business Competition Law. This unique legal field combines both conventional law and economics to address unfair business practices, such as agreements that manipulate prices to deceive consumers. This research focuses on the characteristics of indirect evidence utilized by the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) when investigating cases of price-fixing. The goal is to gain a deeper understanding of the legal implications of using indirect evidence within the procedural framework of Business Competition Law in Indonesia. To achieve this, a Normative Research method is employed, utilizing a multi-faceted approach. Through case analysis, statutory examination, conceptual exploration, and comparative study, the research explores patterns, legal frameworks, theoretical concepts, and perspectives from different jurisdictions, all related to the use of indirect evidence in the context of price fixing. The results revealed that Indirect evidence, classified as clue evidence under Perkom No. 1 Of 2019, encompasses communication and economic evidence. When direct evidence is lacking, these components, including documents or electronic information, play a crucial role in proving allegations of price-fixing. The legal implications of indirect evidence in the Indonesian competition law evidentiary system highlight its widespread use in resolving cases. However, there is a legal gap that poses challenges to the admissibility of indirect evidence in court proceedings. This emphasizes the need for legal reforms to effectively accommodate the role of indirect evidence.
Eksaminasi Putusan KPPU Nomor 15/KPPU-1/2022 Tentang Kelangkaan Minyak Goreng Tahun 2022 di Indonesia (Studi Kasus Putusan Perkara No. 15/KPPU-I/2022) Wulandari, Sinar Aju; Pratama, Arya Putra Rizal
UNES Law Review Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Ekasakti Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v7i3.2423

Abstract

Pada tahun 2022, Indonesia mengalami kelangkaan minyak goreng di pasaran hingga menimbulkan kegaduhan di masyarakat. Kegaduhan di Masyarakat dikarenakan adanya panic buying atas kelangkaan produk minyak goreng baik di supermarket maupun di pasar tradisional. Beberapa fakta yang terdapat di lapangan bahwa penyebab kelangkaan minyak goreng disebabkan karena Harga Eceran Tertinggi (HET) yang dibawah nilai ekonomi, tingginya harga Crude Palm Oil (CPO), hingga adanya program B30 untuk bahan bakar ramah lingkungan. Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) melalui Putusan Perkara Nomor 15/KPPU-I/2022 7 (tujuh) dari 27 (dua puluh tujuh) Produsen minyak goreng terbukti melanggar tindakan penetapan harga dan penguasaan pasar sehingga terganggunya kesejahteraan konsumen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum (doctrinal research) dengan pendekatan undang-undang (statues approach), pendekatan analisis (conceptual approach) dan pendekatan kasus (cases approach). Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan pertama, Kelangkaan minyak goreng pada tahun 2022 merupakan dampak kebijakan pemerintah tanpa mempertimbangkan kepentingan pelaku usaha tentunya mencari hasil keuntungan dari kegiatan usaha tersebut. Kedua majelis mempertimbangkan beberapa pelaku usaha yang terbukti bersalah atas kelangkaan minyak goreng dikarenakan tindakan mengatur produksi dengan bentuk mempengaruhi harga dengan berdampak pada kesejahteraan Masyarakat (society welfare). Namun, majelis dalam mempertimbangkan terhadap Putusan Nomor 15 Tahun 2022 sudah memenuhi proporsi pengenaan sanksi atas tindakan yang dilakukan pelaku usaha atas kelangkaan minyak goreng di pasar.
Granting Exclusive Right to Provide the Base Transceiver Station Tower in a Regency Reviewed from The Competition Law Paramitha, Tessana Pridia; Wulandari, Sinar Aju
POLICY, LAW, NOTARY AND REGULATORY ISSUES Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Transpublika Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/polri.v4i2.1672

Abstract

The Badung Regency Government in 2007 made an agreement with a company which gave exclusive rights to that company as the only business actor permitted to build and manage Base Transceiver Station (BTS) towers in Badung Regency. This agreement prohibited the Badung Government from granting tower permits to other companies. The action taken by the Badung Government created barriers for other companies attempting to enter the BTS tower industry in Badung Regency. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze barriers to entry in the BTS tower leasing market in Badung Regency. This research will analyze monopolistic practices in BTS tower leasing in Badung Regency based on the provisions regulated in Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopoly Practices and Unfair Business Competition. This research uses normative legal research methods with statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. The results of this study indicate that the existence of exclusive rights to provide BTS towers in Badung Regency raised barriers to entry into the BTS tower leasing business. These entry barriers caused the company that was given exclusive rights to have a monopoly position in the leasing of BTS towers in Badung Regency. This condition has negative impacts on other business actors, consumers, and the Badung community.
The Responsibility of Crane Company in terms of The Loss Occurred during The Sea’s Transport Activity Based on Indonesia’s Civil Law Alkautsar, Ardo; Wulandari, Sinar Aju; Chumaida, Zahry Vandawati
POLICY, LAW, NOTARY AND REGULATORY ISSUES Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): JULY
Publisher : Transpublika Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/polri.v4i3.1739

Abstract

Transportation activities, whether by land, air or sea, involve parties involved in the transportation process. The parties in the transportation activity have different legal obligations. Different legal obligations can be viewed from the different legal relationships that arise between the parties in transportation and the roles of the parties in transportation. In sea transportation, there are many parties involved with each other and it is even possible to have a legal relationship with parties who are not directly involved in the sea transportation, such as a crane company that is present only to rent crane equipment to the loading and unloading company so that loading and unloading activities can be carried out, which also does not rule out the possibility that the loading and unloading company can create a legal relationship with other parties in the transportation process. In transportation, the parties can also use insurance for both the activities or interests of the transportation process with the aim of reducing the risk of loss that can arise in transportation activities or other events during transportation activities. Within this study, the legal and operational responsibilities of crane companies functioning as intermediary service providers in maritime transportation are being investigated. Using normative legal research methodology with statute and conceptual approaches, the research analyzes Indonesian laws, regulations, and legal materials related to crane company responsibilities in maritime operations. The findings reveal that crane companies bear liability for operational losses, must provide suitable equipment, and should utilize insurance protection for risk transfer.
PERBANDINGAN KEDUDUKAN HUKUM BAGI ASTRONOT DAN TURIS LUAR ANGKASA DALAM RUANG LINGKUP HUKUM ANGKASA INTERNASIONAL RAMADHAN, IDDO NOOR; WULANDARI, SINAR AJU
Jurnal Reformasi Hukum : Cogito Ergo Sum Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Maarif Hasyim Latif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51804/jrhces.v8i2.17048

Abstract

Hingga saat ini, masih belum ada perundang-undangan internasional yang secara khusus mengatur mengenai keberadaan turis luar angkasa. Hal tersebut secara langsung mengakibatkan penggolongan atas turis luar angkasa masih tidak jelas jika dibandingkan dengan astronot. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan penelitian ini adalah secara yuridis normatif dan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Rumusan masalah antara lain; Bagaimana kedudukan hukum astronot dalam perjanjian-perjanjian luar angkasa internasional dan Bagaimana status hukum turis luar angkasa melalui perjanjian-perjanjian luar angkasa internasional. Pengaturan atas turis luar angkasa masih belum diatur dalam perundang-undangan angkasa internasional, sedangkan untuk kedudukan hukum astronot telah diatur secara umum di dalam Outer Space Treaty pasal 5.
Protecting Satellite Telecommunication by Limiting the Use of Anti-Satellite Weapons Under International Space Law Maharani, Kania; Tjitrawati, Aktieva Tri; Wulandari, Sinar Aju
POLICY, LAW, NOTARY AND REGULATORY ISSUES Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): OCTOBER
Publisher : Transpublika Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/polri.v4i4.1934

Abstract

The increasing utilization of outer space has brought about unprecedented opportunities and potential security challenges. The development of anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons has raised concerns about the militarization of space and the potential for conflict. This research examines the legal framework governing ASAT weapons under international space law, focusing on the Outer Space Treaty (OST) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio Regulations. It analyzes the limitations of existing legal instruments in addressing the threats posed by ASATs, particularly their potential to generate space debris and disrupt critical satellite infrastructure. This research adopts normative (doctrinal) legal methods by incorporating statutes and conceptual frameworks to analyze primary and secondary legal sources in order to investigate legal standards regarding militarization and disarmament in space. This research highlight that the current legal framework is insufficient to prevent the proliferation and use of ASAT weapons and proposes the development of a new international treaty specifically addressing ASATs. This treaty would provide clearer definitions, stricter regulations, and stronger enforcement mechanisms to ensure the long-term sustainability and security of space activities. This research also explores the role of the ITU in promoting the peaceful and responsible use of outer space through its Radio Regulations and technical expertise. The findings emphasize the need for greater cooperation between the ITU and other international organizations to address the challenges posed by ASAT weapons and ensure the continued benefits of space technology for all humankind.
Eksaminasi Putusan KPPU Nomor 15/KPPU-1/2022 Tentang Kelangkaan Minyak Goreng Tahun 2022 di Indonesia (Studi Kasus Putusan Perkara No. 15/KPPU-I/2022) Wulandari, Sinar Aju; Pratama, Arya Putra Rizal
UNES Law Review Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v7i3.2423

Abstract

Pada tahun 2022, Indonesia mengalami kelangkaan minyak goreng di pasaran hingga menimbulkan kegaduhan di masyarakat. Kegaduhan di Masyarakat dikarenakan adanya panic buying atas kelangkaan produk minyak goreng baik di supermarket maupun di pasar tradisional. Beberapa fakta yang terdapat di lapangan bahwa penyebab kelangkaan minyak goreng disebabkan karena Harga Eceran Tertinggi (HET) yang dibawah nilai ekonomi, tingginya harga Crude Palm Oil (CPO), hingga adanya program B30 untuk bahan bakar ramah lingkungan. Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) melalui Putusan Perkara Nomor 15/KPPU-I/2022 7 (tujuh) dari 27 (dua puluh tujuh) Produsen minyak goreng terbukti melanggar tindakan penetapan harga dan penguasaan pasar sehingga terganggunya kesejahteraan konsumen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum (doctrinal research) dengan pendekatan undang-undang (statues approach), pendekatan analisis (conceptual approach) dan pendekatan kasus (cases approach). Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan pertama, Kelangkaan minyak goreng pada tahun 2022 merupakan dampak kebijakan pemerintah tanpa mempertimbangkan kepentingan pelaku usaha tentunya mencari hasil keuntungan dari kegiatan usaha tersebut. Kedua majelis mempertimbangkan beberapa pelaku usaha yang terbukti bersalah atas kelangkaan minyak goreng dikarenakan tindakan mengatur produksi dengan bentuk mempengaruhi harga dengan berdampak pada kesejahteraan Masyarakat (society welfare). Namun, majelis dalam mempertimbangkan terhadap Putusan Nomor 15 Tahun 2022 sudah memenuhi proporsi pengenaan sanksi atas tindakan yang dilakukan pelaku usaha atas kelangkaan minyak goreng di pasar.
Acquisition of Customary Rights of Customary Communities In Customary Lands for Corporate Business Use Rights Pratama, Arya Putra Rizal; Wulandari, Sinar Aju
Andalas Law Journal Vol 8 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Kenotariatan Fak. Hukum Univ. Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/alj.v8i1.44

Abstract

Indonesia has regulations on land management related to the economy based on the public interest. The use of land by a corporation is carried out by granting cultivation rights (HGU) over the ground through a Government stipulation. However, with increasing investment activity, land has become essential to support capital inflows in Indonesia. With the shift in land requirements for investment, customary land has become an attraction for investors in business activities in the agricultural, fishery or plantation sectors. This research is legal research (doctrinal analysis) using a conceptual approach (conceptual approach) and statutory approaches (statute approach). The results of this study explain that the use of land in corporations located on customary land through HGU is a legal action and can be carried out as long as it does not interfere with or eliminate the essence of the characteristics of the customary land rights. Then, granting HGU over customary land can be done in consultation with the customary community with corporations through the government. However, the deficiency in granting HGU over customary land when this period expires threatens the loss of the status of customary land and customary rights.
Co-Authors Aktieva Tri Tjitrawati Alkautsar, Ardo Dewi, Elreddian Kusuma Maharani, Kania Paramitha, Tessana Pridia Pratama, Arya Putra Rizal RAMADHAN, IDDO NOOR Zahry Vandawati Chumaida