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The Efectiveness of Arbitration Mechanisms in The Resolution Of Construction Disputes In Indonesia: A Critical Analysis of Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration And Alternative Dispute Resolution Pakpahan, Alfredo; Saragih, Hidbar Roberta; Wisatrioda, Bayu; Laia, Kharisman; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono; Sami’an, Sami’an
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i1.2619

Disputes in construction projects often arise from divergent interpretations of contracts, delays in execution, and the complex dynamics of scope changes. Within this context, arbitration has long been regarded as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism that promises efficiency, fairness, and confidentiality outside the court system. However, more than two decades after the enactment of Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, its effectiveness in the construction sector remains subject to debate and scrutiny. This study critically examines the effectiveness of arbitration in resolving construction disputes under the legal framework established by Law No. 30 of 1999. Using a normative juridical approach, it reviews statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and field practices, complemented by interviews with legal practitioners and construction arbitrators. The findings reveal that while arbitration offers advantages in terms of confidentiality, procedural flexibility, and finality of decisions, its practical effectiveness is often constrained by high procedural costs, limited contractual understanding among parties, and challenges in enforcing arbitral awards through the courts. Furthermore, the substance of Law No. 30 of 1999 appears insufficiently adaptive to the technical and multidimensional nature of modern construction disputes. This research therefore recommends revising and modernizing the law particularly by strengthening the enforceability of arbitral awards, standardizing arbitration institutions, and enhancing the competence of human resources in construction law. Ultimately, arbitration should evolve as a mechanism not only for efficient dispute resolution but also for upholding justice, legal certainty, and professional integrity in Indonesia’s construction sector.

Analysis of Management of Legal Consequences of Service Provider Default on Project Delays: A Legal Study and Relational Approach to Dispute Prevention Setijanto, Augustinus; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono; Sami’an, Sami’an
IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development) Vol 8 No 6 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : LPPM of NAROTAMA UNIVERSITY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29138/ijebd.v8i6.3470

Delays in construction work execution represent one of the most common forms of default that trigger disputes between employers and contractors. Within Indonesia’s civil law framework, such default entails legal consequences including delay penalties, compensation, contract termination, and enforcement of performance bonds. This study examines these legal implications under the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), Law No. 2 of 2017 on Construction Services, and several Supreme Court decisions with permanent legal force namely Decisions No. 294 PK/Pdt/2014, No. 3053 K/Pdt/2011, and No. 60 K/Pdt/2020. The research adopts a normative juridical approach supported by secondary data from literature review and judicial case analysis. It also proposes a dispute-prevention hypothesis founded on effective communication through guanxi, dynamic relationship, and personal approach, aimed at reinforcing loyalty and preventing conflict. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s positive legal system remains sanction-oriented and emphasizes legal certainty, whereas sustainable dispute prevention requires a paradigm grounded in relational trust. Integrating relational approaches into construction contract practice may establish equilibrium between legal certainty and substantive justice.

The Efectiveness of Arbitration Mechanisms in The Resolution Of Construction Disputes In Indonesia: A Critical Analysis of Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration And Alternative Dispute Resolution Pakpahan, Alfredo; Saragih, Hidbar Roberta; Wisatrioda, Bayu; Laia, Kharisman; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono; Sami’an, Sami’an
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i1.2619

Disputes in construction projects often arise from divergent interpretations of contracts, delays in execution, and the complex dynamics of scope changes. Within this context, arbitration has long been regarded as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism that promises efficiency, fairness, and confidentiality outside the court system. However, more than two decades after the enactment of Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, its effectiveness in the construction sector remains subject to debate and scrutiny. This study critically examines the effectiveness of arbitration in resolving construction disputes under the legal framework established by Law No. 30 of 1999. Using a normative juridical approach, it reviews statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and field practices, complemented by interviews with legal practitioners and construction arbitrators. The findings reveal that while arbitration offers advantages in terms of confidentiality, procedural flexibility, and finality of decisions, its practical effectiveness is often constrained by high procedural costs, limited contractual understanding among parties, and challenges in enforcing arbitral awards through the courts. Furthermore, the substance of Law No. 30 of 1999 appears insufficiently adaptive to the technical and multidimensional nature of modern construction disputes. This research therefore recommends revising and modernizing the law particularly by strengthening the enforceability of arbitral awards, standardizing arbitration institutions, and enhancing the competence of human resources in construction law. Ultimately, arbitration should evolve as a mechanism not only for efficient dispute resolution but also for upholding justice, legal certainty, and professional integrity in Indonesia’s construction sector.

Pertanggungjawaban Etik Arbiter dan Implikasinya Terhadap Kekuatan Putusan Arbitrase di Indonesia Yanti, Yanti; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono; Sami’an, Sami’an
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v11i1.62889

Arbitrase merupakan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang banyak dipilih karena dinilai efisien, rahasia, dan mampu memberikan kepastian hukum bagi pelaku usaha. Namun, efektivitas arbitrase sangat ditentukan oleh integritas arbiter sebagai penegak keadilan di luar pengadilan. Pelanggaran etik seperti conflict of interest dan keberpihakan arbiter dapat merusak legitimasi putusan dan kepercayaan terhadap arbitrase sebagai lembaga penyelesaian sengketa. Penelitian ini mengkaji pertanggungjawaban etik arbiter serta implikasinya terhadap kekuatan hukum putusan arbitrase dengan studi pada Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 665 B/Pdt.Sus-Arbt/2024, yang membuktikan adanya hubungan profesional antara arbiter dan salah satu pihak berperkara. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan kasus untuk menilai konsekuensi hukum yang ditimbulkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelanggaran etik oleh arbiter merupakan cacat hukum substantif yang dapat menjadi dasar pembatalan putusan arbitrase. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya integritas arbiter, penerapan prinsip imparsialitas, serta penguatan mekanisme kode etik dan pengawasan terhadap arbiter guna memastikan tercapainya keadilan substantif dan menjaga legitimasi arbitrase dalam sistem hukum Indonesia.

Implikasi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 375 K/PDT/2017 Terhadap Praktik Peradilan Perdata Di Indonesia Sanjaya, Jimmy; Sami’an, Sami’an; Aulia, Aulia
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v11i1.62999

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implikasi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 375 K/Pdt/2017 terhadap praktik peradilan perdata di Indonesia, khususnya dalam konteks penerapan asas keadilan, kepastian hukum, dan prinsip rebus sic stantibus dalam kontrak konstruksi pemerintah. Putusan ini memperlihatkan ketegangan antara kepastian hukum kontraktual dan keadilan substantif, ketika pelaksana proyek konstruksi menggugat pemutusan kontrak oleh Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran (KPA) akibat perubahan desain dan keadaan kahar. Melalui metode yuridis normatif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Mahkamah Agung menegaskan orientasi pada kepastian hukum dengan menolak alasan kasasi, tetapi secara implisit menegaskan perlunya pembaruan doktrinal dalam menilai tanggung jawab hukum pejabat publik dan penyedia jasa konstruksi. Penelitian ini berkontribusi terhadap wacana pembaruan hukum perdata dan kontrak publik di Indonesia.

Penerapan Prinsip Hukum Internasional dan Urgensi Pemahaman English Law dalam Proyek Infrastruktur Antar Negara (Studi Normatif atas Proyek Konstruksi Berbasis Pembiayaan Asian Development Bank) Yulistiawati, Wina; Sami’an, Sami’an; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v11i1.63572

Cross-border infrastructure projects involve complex interactions between domestic legal systems, public international law, and transnational contractual frameworks. Such projects are commonly financed by multilateral development banks and implemented under international standard contracts, particularly FIDIC, which in practice are frequently governed or interpreted through English law principles. This article examines the application of international legal principles in cross-border infrastructure projects and analyzes the critical importance of English law literacy for public authorities and contractors originating from civil law jurisdictions. Using a normative juridical method with conceptual and comparative law approaches, this study demonstrates that the dominance of English law in FIDIC-based contracts and international dispute resolution mechanisms makes compliance with procedural doctrines—such as condition precedent, strict notice requirements, and the prevention principle—decisive for the success of contractual claims and risk management. Focusing on the normative framework of construction projects financed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the study concludes that a sound understanding of English law is not merely complementary but constitutes a strategic legal necessity for ensuring legal certainty, equitable risk allocation, and effective dispute resolution in cross-border infrastructure development.

Kontrak Konstruksi Pemerintah Sebagai Relasi Kuasa : Analisis Sosio-Legal Terhadap Dominasi Owner dan Alokasi Resiko Arfiansyah, Fathir; Sami’an, Sami’an; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v11i1.63597

Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan kontraktual antara owner dan kontraktor dalam proyek konstruksi pemerintah dan BUMN di Indonesia yang menunjukkan ketidakseimbangan kekuatan, yang tidak hanya disebabkan oleh kesepakatan para pihak, tetapi juga oleh struktur regulasi, budaya administratif, dan mekanisme pengendalian proyek yang lebih menguntungkan pihak owner. Dampaknya, posisi tawar kontraktor lemah, terutama dalam penetapan klausul kontrak, alokasi risiko, serta penyelesaian klaim dan sengketa. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif-empiris dengan mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang jasa konstruksi dan pengadaan barang/jasa pemerintah, serta praktik kontraktual pada proyek pemerintah dan BUMN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontrak konstruksi publik di Indonesia masih berorientasi pada kepatuhan administratif dan perlindungan kepentingan owner, sehingga alokasi risiko proyek cenderung tidak proporsional. Budaya birokrasi dan kekhawatiran pejabat pengelola proyek memperburuk ketimpangan ini, yang berdampak pada ketidakoptimalan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa dan keadilan kontraktual. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan reformulasi kontrak konstruksi publik yang menekankan keseimbangan hak dan kewajiban para pihak, penerapan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa dini, serta penguatan prinsip alokasi risiko yang adil untuk mencapai kontrak konstruksi yang berkeadilan dan berkelanjutan.

Penerapan Asas Proporsionalitas dalam Penjatuhan Denda Keterlambatan Proyek Sutardi, Husni Munawar; Sami’an, Sami’an; Hadjomuldjadi, Sarwono; Noor, Ganis Vitayanty
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v11i1.63599

Penjatuhan denda keterlambatan (liquidated damages) merupakan mekanisme hukum yang lazim digunakan dalam kontrak konstruksi di Indonesia untuk memastikan kepatuhan terhadap jadwal pelaksanaan pekerjaan. Namun dalam praktiknya, denda sering diterapkan secara otomatis tanpa mempertimbangkan asas proporsionalitas, yaitu prinsip yang mewajibkan adanya keseimbangan antara pelanggaran, tingkat kesalahan, dan beban sanksi yang dijatuhkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesenjangan antara teori asas proporsionalitas dan praktik penjatuhan denda di Indonesia, serta merumuskan kerangka evaluasi yang lebih adil dan selaras dengan prinsip keadilan kontraktual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif untuk menganalisis penerapan asas proporsionalitas dalam penjatuhan denda keterlambatan proyek berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, standar kontrak internasional FIDIC, serta putusan penyelesaian sengketa. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan denda di Indonesia cenderung bersifat rigid dan formalistik, sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakadilan, terutama dalam kasus keterlambatan yang terjadi secara bersamaan (concurrent delay) atau yang dipicu oleh pengguna jasa. Dengan mengadopsi penerapan asas proporsionalitas, penjatuhan denda dapat dilakukan secara lebih adil, rasional, serta selaras dengan tujuan kontrak sebagai instrumen keseimbangan kepentingan para pihak.

Perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity dengan change engagement pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara: Menguji peran mediasi self-efficacy: Perceived supervisor support and job insecurity with change engagement in employees of State-Owned Enterprises: Testing the mediating role of self-efficacy Musa, Nurmuliasneny; Fajrianthi, Fajrianthi; Sami’an, Sami’an
Persona:Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30996/persona.v12i1.9514

This writing aims to find out whether there is a correlation between perceived supervisor support and job insecurity on change engagement and self-efficacy as a mediator variable for Indonesian BUMN employees. This research involved 351 employees of state-owned companies who were determined using accidental sampling techniques. The research instrument used four scales, namely the Change Engagement Scale, the short version of the Scale of Perceived Supervisor Support (SPSS), the short version of the Job Insecurity Scale (JIS), and the Occupational Self Efficacy Short Version Scale. Data analysis in this writing uses path analysis using Jamovi. Based on the results of data analysis, there is a direct and indirect influence between perceived supervisor support on change engagement through self-efficacy, but there is no significant direct or indirect influence of job insecurity on change engagement through self-efficacy. The results of this research can be a reference for companies, especially BUMN regarding the importance of change engagement and other factors in intervening in organizations and employees.

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