Rawis, Joulanda A M
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Evaluation of Autism Student Learning Program in Special Schools in North Sulawesi Province Kalalo, Debie K.R.; Rawis, Joulanda A M; Lumapow, Harol R.; Lengkong, Jeffry Sony Junus; Kambey, Joseph Philip; Palilingan, Rolles N.; Umbase, Ruth; Tamboto, Hendry
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : JR Education

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This study was conducted to evaluate the learning program for students with autism spectrum disorders in Special Needs Schools (SLB) in North Sulawesi Province. The research context is based on the increasing number of children with autism, limited special education services, and the need for adaptive, individualized, and independence-oriented learning models. The research objectives include evaluating the learning program, identifying implementation barriers, and mapping supporting factors in the implementation of learning at the Hizkia Manado Special Needs School for Autism, Efatah Bitung Special Needs School, and Paulus Tomohon Special Needs School. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation analysis, and involved policymakers, principals, teachers, and parents. The results showed that the learning program has attempted to adhere to the principles of individualization through the IEP, the use of methods such as ABA, TEACCH, and PECS, and the inclusion of supportive therapy. However, implementation is still hampered by the limited number of teachers with special education competencies, the lack of autism-friendly infrastructure, unequal access to therapy services, and low parental involvement. On the other hand, policy support, cross-sector collaboration, and teacher and school commitment are significant supporting factors. The study concluded that improving the quality of learning requires strengthening human resources, developing learning infrastructure tailored to the needs of children with autism, and integrating education and health services. Consequently, local governments and schools need to develop holistic and sustainable service designs to ensure optimal academic, social, and independence development for students with autism.
Performance Determinants of Public-Sector Employees: The Effects of Education Level, Training, and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance at the Public Works and Spatial Planning (PUPR) Department of North Sulawesi Province Paath, Deicy; Rawis, Joulanda A M; Sumual, Shelty D.M.; Kaligis, Jenny Nancy; Umbase, Ruth
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
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Employee performance is a strategic issue in public organizations because it directly affects the quality, timeliness, and accountability of public services. In regional government institutions, performance improvement is frequently linked to human resource development efforts especially improving educational qualifications, implementing relevant training, and maintaining job satisfaction. This study investigates the influence of education level, training, and job satisfaction on employee performance at the Public Works and Spatial Planning (PUPRD) Department of North Sulawesi Province. This research employed a quantitative correlational design. The population consisted of 145 employees, while the sample comprised 94 respondents selected through purposive sampling with a minimum tenure criterion of three years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, classical assumption testing, and regression analysis with IBM SPSS. The results indicate that education level, training, and job satisfaction significantly affect employee performance both partially and simultaneously. The multiple regression model obtained was Y = 11.086 + 0.135X₁ + 0.137X₂ + 0.018X₃, where Y is employee performance, X₁ is education level, X₂ is training, and X₃ is job satisfaction. Partial tests showed significant effects for education level (t = 47.089, sig = 0.002), training (t = 50.328, sig = 0.000), and job satisfaction (t = 34.241, sig = 0.003). Simultaneously, the three predictors significantly influenced performance (F = 69.534; sig = 0.001), with Adjusted R² = 0.812, meaning 81.2% of the variance in employee performance was explained by the three variables. The findings suggest that public agencies seeking to strengthen performance should prioritize (1) structured educational development aligned with job demands, (2) equitable access to relevant training programs supported by evaluation, and (3) organizational policies that enhance job satisfaction through work environment improvements, fair compensation perceptions, supervisory support, and clear career pathways.
Management Strategies for Enhancing Healthcare Workers’ Competence in Erectile Dysfunction Education at a Primary Healthcare Center in Manado City, Indonesia Turalaki, Grace L.A.; Lengkong, Jeffry Sony Junus; Rawis, Joulanda A M; Palilingan, Rolles N.; Umbase, Ruth
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : JR Education

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Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent and treatable condition with substantial impacts on men’s quality of life, mental health, and intimate relationships. Despite its clinical importance, ED education at the primary healthcare level remains limited, particularly in sociocultural contexts where sexual health is considered taboo. This study explores healthcare workers’ competence in delivering ED education, identifies supporting and inhibiting factors, and formulates educational management strategies to strengthen ED education at a single primary healthcare center in Manado City, Indonesia. A qualitative case study design was employed. Data were collected from 46 healthcare workers through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observations of service delivery, and review of relevant internal documents. Data were analyzed using an interactive approach comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing (Miles et al., 2014). The findings reveal that healthcare workers’ competence ranges from low to moderate. While biomedical knowledge of ED is generally present, gaps persist in communication skills, empathy, counseling techniques, and culturally sensitive engagement. ED education is often brief, opportunistic, and non-standardized, limiting patient understanding and behavior change. Supporting factors include availability of private counseling space, leadership support, interprofessional collaboration, culturally appropriate educational media, and partner involvement. Inhibiting factors include time constraints, psychological discomfort among healthcare workers, social stigma, limited structured training, and the absence of standardized operating procedures (SOPs) for ED education. The study proposes a competency-based, continuous educational management strategy integrating planning, implementation, and evaluation (POAC), supported by coaching, supervision, and culturally responsive patient education practices. These findings contribute to educational management in healthcare by demonstrating how organizational systems and competence development can strengthen sensitive health education at the primary care level.
Specialist Medical Education Program (PPDS): A Phenomenological Study at the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University Posangi, Iddo; Rawis, Joulanda A M; Tambingon, Henny Nikolin; Sumual, Shelty D.M.
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
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Bullying in clinical medical education has increasingly been recognized as a systemic problem that undermines learning quality, resident well-being, and ultimately patient safety. This study examines the dynamics of bullying within the Specialist Medical Education Program (PPDS), particularly Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, at the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University (FK Unsrat), and formulates a comprehensive management model for bullying prevention aimed at reducing residents’ risk of depression. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews with purposively selected participants, including junior residents, senior residents, and consultants. Findings indicate that bullying is often “mild” in appearance yet persistent, manifesting verbally (humiliating remarks, destructive criticism), socially (information exclusion), symbolically (non-academic errands justified as “tradition”), and administratively (unrealistic deadlines and punitive task allocations). These behaviors are normalized by a seniority culture, rigid academic traditions, and hierarchical structures, which create power imbalances and discourage reporting due to fear of retaliation and negative academic consequences. The study also reveals that existing prevention efforts remain largely normative: formal rules are not explicit about bullying, standard operating procedures (SOPs) are absent, and reporting mechanisms are unclear or distrusted. In response, this study proposes an integrated bullying prevention management model consisting of a dedicated SOP, an independent reporting and protection system, strengthened empathetic communication training, consultant mentoring development, organizational culture reorientation, and continuous monitoring and evaluation. The model positions prevention as an institutional quality assurance agenda in clinical education, linking humane supervision, ethical professionalism, and mental health safeguarding to improved learning outcomes and safer care.
The Roadmap Policy of Junior High School Education in Maybrat Regency: A Qualitative Multi-Case Study on Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation in a 3T Context Kambu, Kornelius; Lengkong, Jeffry Sony Junus; Rawis, Joulanda A M; Palilingan, Rolles N.
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : JR Education

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This study examines the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the Junior High School (SMP) Education Roadmap Policy in Maybrat Regency an Indonesian region categorized as 3T (frontier, outermost, underdeveloped). The study responds to persistent disparities in educational access and quality that are strongly shaped by geographic isolation, uneven teacher distribution, infrastructure gaps, and limited digital readiness. Using a qualitative multi-case design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with key actors (regional head, education office leadership, school principals, teachers, and community representatives), observations, and document analysis across SMP settings. Evidence indicates that the policy planning process has been initiated in a participatory manner and anchored in the region’s medium-term development direction; however, it remains insufficiently integrated with broader regional planning documents and is weakened by data validity constraints arising from uneven data synchronization practices. Implementation has shown tangible governmental commitment through infrastructure development, teacher contracting, local BOS strengthening, scholarships, and teacher training; nevertheless, implementation performance is constrained by structural and managerial challenges particularly shortages of subject teachers, transportation barriers, low parental participation, limited ICT facilities, and low digital literacy. Evaluation practices tend to emphasize administrative reporting rather than outcome-based learning improvements; although national instruments such as the Education Report Card (Rapor Pendidikan) have begun to be used, they are not yet fully integrated into iterative policy refinement. The findings suggest that strengthening evidence-based planning, ensuring consistent implementation mechanisms, improving inter-agency coordination, and adopting comprehensive outcome-oriented evaluation are critical for transforming the roadmap into an effective regional education governance instrument in 3T settings.
Training Management for Patient Education in Critical Care Areas at a Central General Hospital in Manado, Indonesia Laihad, Mordekhai L; Rawis, Joulanda A M; Palilingan, Rolles N.; Kambey, Joseph Philip
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : JR Education

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Patient and family education is a cornerstone of quality healthcare, particularly in critical care areas where clinical uncertainty, high-risk decisions, and emotional distress converge. Despite its recognized importance, patient education in intensive care settings often remains inconsistent due to time pressure, heavy workloads, communication barriers, and limited standardized tools. This qualitative case study analyzes how training management can improve patient education practices in a critical care environment at a central general hospital in Manado, Indonesia. The study examines (1) training planning and needs assessment, (2) training implementation strategies, (3) training evaluation, and (4) contextual factors influencing success. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, FGDs, observation, and document review, and analyzed using an interactive approach supported by triangulation. Findings indicate that patient education quality was initially suboptimal, reflected in frequent refusal of medical procedures (approximately 50 cases per month), high family anxiety (around 80%), and inconsistent use of educational media. Key factors shaping patient education included nurses’ workload and time constraints, cultural and literacy barriers among families, variability in communication competence, and uneven availability and enforcement of SOPs and supporting media. A Training Needs Analysis (TNA) identified gaps across six key competency domains and informed the development of ten training modules. Training was delivered through simulation, role play, and bedside coaching, improving staff compliance with patient education SOPs from 38% to 70%. Evaluation using the Kirkpatrick and CIPP models suggested that training was relevant and impactful, although some outcome targets remained unmet. Recommendations include digitalizing education media, strengthening SOP implementation, embedding training into performance appraisal systems, and expanding training across units.
Model Development of Training Management for Maritime Transport Apparatus at Amurang Sea Port: A Qualitative Study on Planning, Implementation, Evaluation, and Career-Linked Improvement Qowi, Moh.; Lengkong, Jeffry Sony Junus; Rawis, Joulanda A M; Tambingon, Henny Nikolin; Umbase, Ruth
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
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This study develops and analyzes a Training Management Model for maritime transport apparatus serving at Amurang Sea Port, focusing on how training is planned, implemented, evaluated, and redesigned into a more contextual and career-linked system. The research problem emerges from the persistent gap between training programs administered through BP2TL (Balai Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Transportasi Laut) and the real operational needs of small ports, where limited infrastructure, constrained budgets, and bureaucratic routines often reduce training relevance and post-training application. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, using in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis to capture the practices and constraints across training management stages. Findings show that training planning has followed formal guidance and standards; however, it remains dominated by administrative routines and has not fully adopted a dynamic, field-driven training needs assessment. Key planning gaps include limited flexibility of training budgets, weak integration between training and career pathways, insufficient contextualization of training modules for small-port operations, and minimal utilization of evaluation outputs for subsequent planning cycles. Implementation is delivered through formal mechanisms but is not yet optimal: training methods are still heavily theoretical (lecture-based), simulation and case-based practice remain limited, and schedules often conflict with participants’ operational duties, restricting participation and learning transfer. Evaluation tends to emphasize administrative outputs (attendance and certification) rather than measuring competence, behavioral change, and work-unit performance impacts. Based on these findings, the study proposes a revised model that is contextual, decentralized, and unit-needs-based, integrating comprehensive evaluation frameworks (ADDIE, Kirkpatrick, and CIPP) to treat the port environment as a “real learning laboratory” and participants as change agents. The study concludes that shifting training management from annual compliance routines to an outcome-oriented human resource development strategy is essential for strengthening safety, service quality, and professionalism in maritime public services at small ports.
Human Resource Development in Minahasa Regency: Challenges and Policy Implementation in Education, Health, and Workforce Sectors Dondokambey, Robby; Katuuk, Deitje A.; Rawis, Joulanda A M; Lengkong, Jeffry Sony Junus; Umbase, Ruth
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
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This study investigates the quality of Human Resource Development (HRD) in Minahasa Regency, Indonesia, focusing on the interrelated dimensions of education, health, and economic welfare within the context of local governance. A qualitative descriptive design was employed, with data collected through interviews, field observations, and document analysis across 25 districts. The findings reveal that despite the steady improvement of the Human Development Index (HDI), significant disparities remain in access to education, healthcare services, skilled labor distribution, and digital infrastructure. The study identifies key challenges, including fragmented inter-agency coordination, limited budgetary support, and a persistent mismatch between educational outcomes and labor market demands. In addition, weaknesses in existing monitoring and evaluation systems were found to constrain evidence-based policymaking and program effectiveness. This research proposes strategic measures to strengthen HRD governance, such as enhancing cross-sector collaboration, optimizing resource allocation, expanding vocational and technology-oriented training, and developing integrated monitoring mechanisms. The study contributes to the literature on regional HRD by offering an empirical and contextualized framework for improving human capital development in decentralized governance settings and emerging regions.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of E-Learning Implementation in the Professional Teacher Education Program through the CIPPO Model Paat, Wensi R. L.; Katuuk, Deitje A.; Rawis, Joulanda A M; Lengkong, Jeffry Sony Junus; Umbase, Ruth
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
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This study aims to evaluate the implementation of e-learning in the Professional Teacher Education Program (PPG) at Manado State University using the CIPPO evaluation model, which consists of Context, Input, Process, Product, and Outcome components. The rapid transition to digital learning environments in higher education requires systematic evaluation to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of e-learning practices, particularly in teacher professional development programs. A mixed-method approach was employed, involving quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with PPG students, lecturers, and program administrators. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, observation, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the context component demonstrates strong institutional support and policy alignment, while the input component reveals adequate infrastructure but limited digital pedagogical competencies among some instructors. The process evaluation highlights the need for more interactive instructional strategies and consistent learning management system utilization. Product evaluation shows positive student performance and engagement, although variations exist across courses. Outcome analysis suggests that e-learning contributes to improved professional competence, digital literacy, and learning flexibility. The study concludes that the CIPPO model provides a comprehensive framework for assessing e-learning implementation and identifying areas for continuous improvement. Recommendations include strengthening lecturer training, enhancing technological infrastructure, and developing standardized e-learning guidelines to optimize the quality of PPG e-learning programs.
Implementation of Digital Spatial-Based Educational Model Innovation in High Schools in the Islands of North Sulawesi Province Koessoy, Herman Meiky; Rawis, Joulanda A M; Naharia, Orbanus; Wullur, Mozes M.
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): December 2025
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The gap in education quality and access in island and border regions remains a structural problem in the Indonesian education system. Fragmented geographical conditions, limited infrastructure, and uneven distribution of educational resources demand innovative, contextual and adaptive educational models. This study aims to analyze the implementation of innovative spatial digital education models in Senior High Schools (SMA) in the Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province. Specifically, this study examines the readiness of spatial digital technology infrastructure, the implementation of spatial digital technology-based curriculum, the impact of these innovations on student achievement, local government policy support, and factors influencing their implementation. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a prospective case study design. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies involving policy stakeholders, principals, teachers, and students. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive analysis model that includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the implementation of spatial digital education in Sangihe Islands Senior High Schools is still in its early stages, characterized by limited network infrastructure, suboptimal utilization of geospatial applications in learning, and variations in teachers' digital literacy competencies. However, regional policy support and human resource potential indicate significant opportunities for the development of sustainable spatial digital education models. This research confirms that integrating digital and spatial approaches can be an alternative strategy for improving access, relevance, and quality of education in archipelagic and border regions