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All Journal Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika Devotion: Journal of Research and Community Service International Journal of Social Service and Research Interdisciplinary Social Studies Action Research Literate (ARL) Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science Journal of Social Research Journal Of World Science Journal of Legal and Cultural Analytics (JLCA) Edunity: Kajian Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan Journal of Social Science INJURITY: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains Jurnal Smart Hukum (JSH) Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management Advances In Social Humanities Research Journal Of Law Sciences (Legisci) Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Indonesian Cyber Law Review
Diky Dikrurahman
Universitas Gunung Jati, Indonesia
Religion Arts Humanities Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Neuroscience Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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Legal Liability of AI-Based Digital Agreements in Indonesian Contract Law Muhammad Karim Benzema; Diky Dikrurahman
Jurnal Smart Hukum (JSH) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): June-September
Publisher : Inovasi Pratama Internasional. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/jsh.v5i1.1916

Abstract

The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in digital transactions has transformed the mechanism of contract formation within contemporary commercial activities. AI systems are currently capable of drafting contractual clauses, processing transactional data, and generating automated agreements with minimal human intervention. Such developments raise legal issues concerning contractual validity, legal consent, and the allocation of liability when losses arise from AI-assisted contractual processes. This study examines the construction of legal liability in AI-based digital agreements within the Indonesian legal system. The research employed a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, comparative, and analytical approaches. The findings indicate that AI-based digital agreements remain subject to the fundamental principles of Indonesian contract law, particularly the validity requirements stipulated under Article 1320 of the Civil Code, the principle of freedom of contract, and good faith. Indonesian law nevertheless does not recognize Artificial Intelligence as an independent legal subject capable of bearing direct legal responsibility. Liability therefore remains attached to parties exercising control, supervision, operation, or economic benefit from the use of AI systems, including business actors, developers, and electronic system providers. The study further identifies a normative gap within Indonesian positive law concerning AI governance, transparency obligations, and allocation of liability in automated contractual relations. This condition potentially creates legal uncertainty and weakens legal protection for parties involved in AI-assisted transactions. The study offers an integrated liability framework capable of addressing legal uncertainty arising from AI-assisted contractual systems within Indonesian contract law.
Analysis of the Criminalization of Violating Acts Legal Sociology in the Era of Modern Globalization Fadhilah Nur Ramadhani; Yoga Bagus Adhitya; Uday Adi Junaedi; Sigit Gunawan; Diky Dikrurahman
Journal of World Science Vol. 3 No. 7 (2024): Journal of World Science
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/jws.v3i7.681

Abstract

The modern era of globalization has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including in the legal field. Rapid technological developments and increasingly close interconnections between nations have created various new challenges for law enforcement. One of the challenges that arises is the criminalization of actions that violate legal sociology. The aim of this research is to conduct an analysis of the criminalization of unlawful behavior within the framework of legal sociology in the era of modern globalization. This research uses non-doctrinal research methods. The data collection technique in this research is literature study. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that forms of criminalization that violate legal sociological norms in the era of modern globalization include drugs, prostitution, pornography, vandalism, religious blasphemy and white collar crime. Criminalization of acts that violate legal sociology in the era of modern globalization is a complex issue that has a significant impact on human rights, social justice and social interaction. Efforts to prevent these acts require multi-faceted efforts involving various stakeholders, such as government, law enforcement, civil society and academics. Implications of the research, the findings of this research underscore the necessity for a holistic approach in addressing the criminalization of actions that violate legal sociology. Policymakers must consider the social and cultural contexts of criminal behavior to develop effective laws and regulations.
The Role of Community Traditional Institutions in Dispute Resolution in Multicultural Communities Habib Fuqoha; Gina Anggita Putri; Aldi Alfarizi; Sigit Gunawan; Diky Dikrurahman
Journal of World Science Vol. 3 No. 11 (2024): Journal of World Science
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/jws.v3i11.1224

Abstract

Indonesian society is pluralistic, consisting of various ethnic groups, religions, and customs. This diversity can trigger various disputes in multicultural societies. This research aims to analyze the role of societal institutions in dispute-resolution efforts in multicultural communities. This study uses a qualitative research method with a literature study approach, focusing on societal institutions as the primary subjects, specifically their role and effectiveness in managing disputes. Data from various sources were analyzed in three stages: data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research results show that society institutions play a significant role in resolving disputes through mechanisms such as deliberation for consensus, customs, and customary sanctions. Strengthening the role of these institutions is essential for maintaining social harmony by increasing community understanding of customary law and building synergy between customary institutions and state law.
Legal Review of Court Decision Number 26/Pdt.G/2024/Pn SBR: Case Study of Default in Contract Agreement Evan Rahmandito; Mohamad Rafli Darmawan; Hilman Yahya Nafiansyah; Deni Yusup Permana; Diky Dikrurahman
Journal of World Science Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Journal of World Science
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/jws.v4i1.1260

Abstract

This journal analyzes the legal aspects of default in a land title release agreement based on Court Decision Number 26/Pdt.G/2024/PN Sbr. The case involves the Plaintiff seeking compensation after Defendants PT Caruban Jaya Persada and two individuals failed to fulfill obligations in a land rights release agreement concerning parcels of land in Warugede Village, Depok Subdistrict, Cirebon Regency, valued at Rp3,311,182,000.00. The Defendants allegedly failed to make full payments and neglected other agreed terms, prompting the Plaintiff to file a claim under Article 1239 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUH Perdata). This study employs a juridical analysis of legal documents, including the court decision and relevant legal provisions such as Article 1239 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Legal interpretation methods were used to assess the contractual dispute and its resolution. The court found the Defendants in default and ordered them to vacate the land and compensate the Plaintiff for financial losses incurred. The court's ruling emphasized the legal consequences of breaching contractual agreements, highlighting the enforceability of legally binding agreements under Indonesian civil law. The study concludes that Indonesian civil law provides robust protection for aggrieved parties in contractual disputes through Article 1239, ensuring that contract defaults lead to legally enforceable remedies. Adherence to contractual obligations is essential to avoid severe legal and financial consequences.
Legal Responsibility For Perpetrators Of Online Gambling Crimes Beben Bentara; Iskandar Iskandar; Erwin Setianingrat; Deni Yusup Permana; Diky Dikrurahman
Journal of World Science Vol. 4 No. 5 (2025): Journal of World Science
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/jws.v4i5.1408

Abstract

The rapid expansion of online gambling crimes in Indonesia poses significant legal and social challenges, as existing laws struggle to effectively regulate and prosecute offenders in this evolving digital landscape. Despite regulations under the Criminal Code and the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law, gaps remain in addressing jurisdictional complexities, inconsistent penalties, and enforcement difficulties. This study aims to identify the legal foundations for prosecuting online gambling crimes, assess the forms of legal liability, and evaluate law enforcement effectiveness in handling such cases. Employing a normative juridical approach, the research analyzes relevant laws, literature, and legal cases. The findings reveal that law enforcement efforts are hampered by inadequate technical regulations, difficulties tracking perpetrators across jurisdictions, and low public awareness of online gambling’s harmful impacts. The study highlights the crucial need for stronger legal frameworks, enhanced law enforcement capacity, and coordinated efforts among government agencies, law enforcement, and internet service providers. It also recommends public education campaigns to increase awareness of the risks and legal consequences of online gambling. These measures are expected to improve the efficacy and comprehensiveness of combating online gambling crimes in Indonesia, safeguarding public morality and social stability in the digital era.
Enforcement of the Law in the Sociological Domain Kharis Kayla; Sukarno Sukarno; Dimas Yogapangestu; Diky Dikrurahman; Deni Yusup Permana
Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY) Vol. 3 No. 4 (2024): INJURITY: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies.
Publisher : Pusat Publikasi Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58631/injurity.v3i4.190

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine how law enforcement is applied in Indonesia's sociological context. The results of the investigation indicate that community involvement is necessary for the application of law enforcement in the sociological sphere. It is believed that the community's participation and involvement in law enforcement can be used as a controlling factor when making decisions about the appropriateness of punishment for lawbreakers. The community can play a major role in reducing the number of legal infractions and deviations from unlawful acts that have become sociological phenomena by actively participating in the monitoring, supervision, and evaluation of the law enforcement practices in this nation.
Implementation of Restorative Justice in Theft Cases (Case Study LP/B/14/VII/SPKT) Clara Camelia Santhia; Audrey Adellawati; Dadan Taufik Fathurohman; Diky Dikrurahman
Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY) Vol. 4 No. 5 (2025): INJURITY: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies.
Publisher : Pusat Publikasi Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58631/injurity.v4i5.1436

Abstract

Restorative Justice (RJ) is a non-litigation approach to resolving criminal cases that focuses on repairing the harm caused by the crime while fostering reconciliation between the victim and perpetrator. This study examines the implementation of RJ in a theft case under Article 363 of the Criminal Code in Cirebon in 2024. The purpose of this research is to evaluate how the police utilized RJ to address the theft and prioritize the rights of the victims while holding the perpetrators accountable. Using an empirical juridical method, this study analyzes the application of RJ through interviews conducted at the Kedawung Police Station, examining both legal frameworks and practical application. The results indicate that RJ offers an effective, faster, and more cost-efficient resolution for cases like petty theft, promoting victim recovery and perpetrator accountability. The case was successfully resolved when the perpetrator agreed to compensate for the stolen goods and return the victim’s losses through a family-based agreement, fulfilling both material and formal requirements as stipulated in the National Police Regulation No. 8/2021. The study concludes that RJ can be a progressive alternative for resolving criminal cases, though challenges such as community resistance and the need for law enforcement training remain potential barriers to its broader application.
Legal Protection for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Facing Unfair Business Competition Putri Indah Lestari; Wardi Wardi; Tatang Basujata; Alip Rahman; Diky Dikrurahman
Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/jrssem.v4i1.690

Abstract

In the context of toxic business competition, this research investigates the legal protection of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia, particularly in partnerships with large corporations. The primary emphasis is on the implementation of Law Number 5 of 1999, which prohibits monopolistic practices and unfair business competition, and Law Number 20 of 2008, which pertains to small and medium-sized enterprises. Data was collected from literature studies, pertinent regulations, and in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders using a qualitative approach and a case study design. The research results show that although the legal framework already exists, effective implementation still requires improvement. MSMEs face various challenges in partnerships with large companies, including access to resources and greater risks in business transactions. Recommendations are prepared to strengthen legal protection through regulatory revisions, strengthening legal institutions, legal education, developing partnerships, and stricter law enforcement. The main aim is to increase fairness in business relations between MSMEs and large companies, as well as support inclusive and sustainable economic growth in Indonesia. It is hoped that the implications of this research can provide a positive contribution in renewing policies that support the development of MSMEs as the backbone of the national economy.
Community Legal Awareness in Waste Management in Cirebon City Achmad Tristianoka; Muhamad Ikbal; Yuda Rizki Mahesa; Dudung Hidayat; Diky Dikrurahman
Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/jrssem.v4i1.703

Abstract

Waste management is still an important challenge in urban areas, including Cirebon City, Indonesia, because of its significant environmental and social impacts. This study explores community legal awareness regarding waste management practices in Cirebon, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach and community participation. Through qualitative research involving interviews and participant observation with 50 stakeholders, including community leaders, environmental NGOs, sanitation workers, and residents, this research identifies the main factors influencing legal awareness and proposes strategies to increase community involvement. Findings show a gap between knowledge and action, highlighting infrastructure deficiencies and low community participation. These recommendations emphasize the need for improved policy frameworks, improved infrastructure, targeted education, and collaborative governance to encourage sustainable waste management and environmental health in Cirebon.
Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Merchant QRIS terhadap Kerugian Konsumen Akibat Kegagalan Settlement Ricko Satriatama; Diky Dikrurahman
Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Vol 7 No 4 (2026): Tema Hukum Perdata dan Kenotariatan
Publisher : Himpunan Ilmu Hukum dan Ilmu Hukum Islam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56370/jhlg.v7i4.3687

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the legal liability of QRIS merchants for consumer losses due to settlement failures in the electronic payment system. Problems arise when a transaction is declared successful in the consumer application, but the funds are not received by the merchant within a certain period, creating legal uncertainty. The study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach. Legal materials were analyzed based on the Civil Code, the Consumer Protection Law, Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 and Bank Indonesia's QRIS regulations. The results show that the division of responsibilities between merchants and Payment System Service Providers (PJSPs) has not been clearly regulated, resulting in disharmony in norms in resolving QRIS transaction disputes. Merchants are, in principle, only responsible for the initial transaction verification stage and providing information to consumers, while responsibility for the settlement process rests with the PJSP. This study recommends strengthening regulatory harmonization and implementing the principle of joint liability to create legal certainty and consumer protection in digital payment transactions.
Co-Authors Abdullah Abdullah Achmad Tristianoka Aditya Panca Nugraha Ahmad Fadhil jaelani Akbar Rachmatullah, Muhammad Aldi Alfarizi Alip Rahman Alpian Mega Nugraha Amalya Rahayu, Putri Andini Kurnia Asilah Nur Azizah Audrey Adellawati Aufa Aqlani Alparabi Aulia, Puput Azzahra, Nanda Bayu Lesmana Prayoga Beben Bentara Cahyo Rosanto, Tibar Clara Camelia Santhia Cynthia Monica Az Zahro Dadan Taufik Fathurohman Dea Fadilla Tinura Deni Yusup Permana Deni Yusup Permana Desy Fitriani Devi Ratnasari Dewa Pamungkas Diky Irdianto Pratama Pratama Dimas Yogapangestu Dudung Hidayat Erwin Setianingrat Evan Rahmandito Fadhilah Nur Ramadhani Fajri Arie Firmansyah Fatah Alfiandi, Muhammad Rasyid Fathan Dhony Fadil Fazhri Surachman Gilang Adi Febrian Gina Anggita Putri Giyosi Giyosi Gunadi Rasta Gunawan , Roby Habib Fuqoha Hilman Yahya Nafiansyah Ibrahim, Satrio M Ilfa Luthfia Hidayah Indah Gita Syamsiatin Iskandar Iskandar Jaya Mulya Karmana, Gadis Reyatezar Kartini, Ratu Mawar Kharis Kayla Komala Sari, Surti Lisa Chusnul Khotimah Luthfiyah Shabrinah Maulana, Haris Maulina Rahmah Nurazizah Mayana, Sinta Meutia ainul hakim Mohamad Rafli Darmawan Mohammad Sigit Gunawan Mohammad Yaasiin TW Muhamad Ikbal Muhammad Akbar Rachmatullah Muhammad Annas Ferdhiyanto Muhammad Anwar Syadat Muhammad Karim Benzema Niken Rahmawati Putri Nurfandhyca, Dendhy Nurmaudi, Siti Pasya Ashsyafa, Zaen Permana , Deni Yusup Puji Irawan Pratama Putra Putra, Dwi Rayhan Sunandar Putri Indah Lestari Rahmah Nurazizah, Maulina Rahman, Alip Rahmawati, Sindy Dwi Rd. Dita Puspita Nadjib Ricko Satriatama Riswanto Riswanto Septiani, Dini Septiatiarini, Nadia Shabrinah, Luthfiyah Sinta Mayana Sukarno Sukarno Supriyadi, Yodi Talitha Khumairoh Tatang Basujata Trisna Sagita, Anggi Vellita, Adriana Wardi Wardi Waskim, Waskim Wulan Sari, Wulan Yoga Bagus Adhitya Yuda Rizki Mahesa Yunita , Yunita Yusup Permana, Deni Zaky, Ahmad Fairuz