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Raising Awareness on Children's Immunity and Cognitive Abilities: Nationwide Survey to Indonesian Parents Oktarina, Molly Dumakuri; Ibrahim, Ratih; Kinesya, Edwin; Kartjito, Melissa Stephanie; Wasito, Erika
Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition
Publisher : Ridwan Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/jisn.v1i4.20

Abstract

Early life nutrition influences the development of children's immunity and cognitive abilities. According to PISA 2018, only 29% of Indonesian students have a growth students that have growth mindset. The parent’s inability to understand and improve the multifactorial aspect of cognitive development pose risk to children's cognitive growth. To raise awareness among parents to strengthen their children’s cognitive and immunity through health education. Online survey with pretest and posttest, 4 questions each, distributed to Indonesian parents that attend online seminar about impact of children's immunity toward cognitive development. The data were further analyzed with t-test using SPSS. Survey of 334 participants shows that even before the intervention, Indonesian parents understand the relation between immune system and cognitive development in children thus showing no significant difference after intervention [p-value = 0.226]. However, they did not know how to observe or measure the cognitive score such as the 8 winning skills and growth mindset, also the nutrition needed to support cognitive abilities and immunity. The intervention prove a significant increase of parent's knowledge [Pre = 1.99 ± 0.83; Post = 3.08 ± 1.11; p-value = 0.000. Indonesian parents are aware that immunity affects cognitive growth of their children. However, there is still a lack of awareness or prior knowledge on cognitive measurement tools and components, and nutrition which is beneficial for immunity and cognitive growth.
Perspektif Ibu-Ibu Indonesia tentang Kesehatan Anak Setelah Persalinan Sesar: Sebuah Eksplorasi Deskriptif: Indonesian Mothers’ Perspective on Children’s Health After Caesarean Delivery: A Descriptive Exploration Munasir, Zakiudin; Darus, Febriansyah; Kinesya, Edwin; Kartjito, Melissa Stephanie; Sundjaya, Tonny
Amerta Nutrition Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): AMERTA NUTRITION (Bilingual Edition)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v9i3.2025.405-411

Abstract

Background: Cesarean section incidence increases over time in both emergency and elective cases, or with medical indication and social factors. Despite the usefulness of C-section, parents need to be aware of its effect to child health and the countermeasure. Objectives: This study aims to explore mothers’ perspectives about the health effects of C-section to children. Methods: An open-ended survey was conducted on Indonesian mothers as participants in a cross-sectional study. A compilation of descriptive responses was collected at an online parenting community focused on children’s health. The questions are later classified into six particular categories and given an analysis. Results: A total of 175 inquiries were collected and categorized into 6 groups. In declining pattern, we found parental concern regarding the effect of C-section on the child's immune system (57.14%), nutrition and prebiotics/ probiotics/ synbiotic (22.28%), growth and development (8%), and gastrointestinal system (6.28%). A total of 42 questions (24%) can be categorized into more than one category. Conclusions: More than half of parents are concerned about the effect of C-section on children’s immune system, and one out of five mothers is concerned about the role of nutrition for their children’s health. However, the awareness and concern regarding C-section health impact on growth and development, and gastrointestinal system are still very low.
Health Education to Improve Maternal Awareness on Soy-Based Infant Formula for Individuals with Cow’s Milk Allergy in Indonesia Setiabudiawan, Budi; Surapsari, Juwalita; Kartjito, Melissa Stephanie; Sitorus, Nova; Dilantika, Charisma; Basrowi, Ray Wagiu; Jo, Juandy
Unnes Journal of Public Health Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ujph.v14i1.23239

Abstract

Background: Cow’s milk allergy is relatively common among Indonesian infantswho are not exclusively breastfed. Despite extensive hydrolyzed formula and aminoacid-based formula are the recommended nutrition for infants with moderate-tosevere illness, not all parents could provide those specialized formulas, presumablydue to the high cost, low availability and poor palatability. In that case, soy-basedinfant formula could be an alternative nutrition. However, it was unknown whetherIndonesian mothers were aware on that alternative nutrition. Objective: We therefore assessed the knowledge levels of mothers who participated in an online platform of PrimaKu on the usefulness of soy-based infant formula to support growthand development of children with cow’s milk allergy. Methods: The study subjectsappeared to have sufficient levels of knowledge on the usefulness of soy-based infant formula for children with cow’s milk allergy. Results: In addition, by increasing their knowledge on iron and fiber fortification in soy-based infant formula, e.g.,through regular academic presentations, mothers could be more selective in choosing alternative nutrition for children with cow’s milk allergy. Conclusion: Our studysuggested that Indonesian mothers who were active in the online platform of Primaku had sufficient levels of knowledge on the usefulness of soy-based protein formanaging children with cow’s milk allergy.
Experts’ Opinion on Immunity and Nutrition to Support Key Cognitive Functions Sekartini, Rini; Surapsari, Juwalita; Oktarina, Molly Dumakuri; Wiguna, Tjhin; Pasiak, Taufiq Fredrik; Basrowi, Ray Wagiu; Kartjito, Melissa Stephanie; Wasito, Erika
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 6 No. S2 (2023): Special Issue : expert perspectives on the interconnections between immunity,
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V06.S2.0001

Abstract

The interaction of micronutrients and macronutrients has been shown to have a significant impact on children's cognitive development. Furthermore, proper nutrition helps a child's immune system avoid infection and disease, which can impair nutrient absorption and lead to deficiency. Microbiotas in the gut play critical roles in body physiology, including nutrient absorption, infection resistance and immune system development. Furthermore, it is known that the gut microbiota influences immune cell maturation. Finally, these three factors are thought to influence neurogenesis and cognitive development. A virtual meeting was held with five invited experts to gain a better understanding of the relationship between nutritional factors, the immune system and cognitive development.
Immunity as key factors that influence cognitive development on children Oktarina, Molly Dumakuri; Sekartini, Rini; Wasito, Erika; Kartjito, Melissa Stephanie
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 6 No. S2 (2023): Special Issue : expert perspectives on the interconnections between immunity,
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V06.S2.0003

Abstract

Immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of the fetus are essential for normal neurodevelopment. Innate immunity-related molecules, including cytokines, toll-like receptors and complement family, are known to be expressed in the brain. Microglia, macrophage-like immune cells that reside in the brain and spinal cord, constitute 80% of all immune cells in the brain, making them the most abundant immune cell type. Acquired immunity-related molecules, such as major histocompatibility complex and antibody receptor, are also known to be expressed in the brain. In addition to this, research has demonstrated that they play important functions in the development of the brain. Neurodevelopmental diseases, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, autism-like obsessive-compulsive behaviours and social impairment, are characterized by a disruption of a wide variety of processes in the developing brain that depend on the normal function of microglia. Enteric infections and malnutrition in the first two years of life are linked to later cognitive impairment. Multiple studies have shown that bacterial and viral illnesses have direct or indirect impacts on cognitive performance in children. The immune system is in constant communication with the central nervous system and participates in the control of behaviour and a range of other essential neurological activities throughout the lifespan.
The narrative review of recent studies in understanding the relationship between gut (microbiota)-brain axis, nutrition and cognitive function Pasiak, Taufiq Fredrik; Wiguna, Tjhin; Sekartini, Rini; Surapsari, Juwalita; Sundjaya, Tonny; Wasito, Erika; Basrowi, Ray Wagiu; Kartjito, Melissa Stephanie
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 6 No. S2 (2023): Special Issue : expert perspectives on the interconnections between immunity,
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V06.S2.0004

Abstract

The concept of the gut (microbiota)-brain axis, which influences the development and function of the gastrointestinal, immune, neuroendocrine, and metabolic systems, is gaining popularity. Recent animal studies have demonstrated that the gut (microbiota)-brain axis also plays a role in establishing cognitive function. It is known that a disruption in the environment's microbiota balance can increase disease susceptibility in children. Historically, it has been hypothesized that neurodevelopmental disorders are the results of a disruption in children’s health. However, it is becoming clear that the gut microbiota and the central nervous system communicate in both directions, which could explain how microbiota affects cognitive function. Dietary factors also play important role in the central nervous system via the gut (microbiota)-brain axis, demonstrating the importance of nutrition in optimizing cognitive function. This narrative review of recently published studies and current knowledge aims to elucidate the relationship between the gut (microbiota)-brain axis and cognitive function, as well as the variables that may influence it.
Exploring key cognitive indicators for practical use by parents in community setting Wiguna, Tjhin; Sekartini, Rini; Pasiak, Taufiq Fredrik; Basrowi, Ray Wagiu; Kartjito, Melissa Stephanie
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 6 No. S2 (2023): Special Issue : expert perspectives on the interconnections between immunity,
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V06.S2.0005

Abstract

The identification of child development milestones, specifically cognitive abilities, requires parental/caregiver awareness and knowledge. With the existence of multiple cognitive abilities such as attention and focus, memory, language, psychomotor skills, logic, reasoning, decision-making, problem-solving, social/emotional, there are multiple indicators to measure children's cognitive abilities. Pediatricians are the most knowledgeable and trusted authority to routinely screen and monitor the development of healthy children. Therefore, it is crucial that parents understand their children's developmental milestones so if they encounter anomalies, they can immediately consult with the professionals. This review compiles recently published research and current knowledge to examine potential key indicators of cognitive development in infants and children that can be utilized by parents and communities in an easily understood manner.