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Raising Awareness on Children's Immunity and Cognitive Abilities: Nationwide Survey to Indonesian Parents Oktarina, Molly Dumakuri; Ibrahim, Ratih; Kinesya, Edwin; Kartjito, Melissa Stephanie; Wasito, Erika
Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition
Publisher : Ridwan Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/jisn.v1i4.20

Early life nutrition influences the development of children's immunity and cognitive abilities. According to PISA 2018, only 29% of Indonesian students have a growth students that have growth mindset. The parent’s inability to understand and improve the multifactorial aspect of cognitive development pose risk to children's cognitive growth. To raise awareness among parents to strengthen their children’s cognitive and immunity through health education. Online survey with pretest and posttest, 4 questions each, distributed to Indonesian parents that attend online seminar about impact of children's immunity toward cognitive development. The data were further analyzed with t-test using SPSS. Survey of 334 participants shows that even before the intervention, Indonesian parents understand the relation between immune system and cognitive development in children thus showing no significant difference after intervention [p-value = 0.226]. However, they did not know how to observe or measure the cognitive score such as the 8 winning skills and growth mindset, also the nutrition needed to support cognitive abilities and immunity. The intervention prove a significant increase of parent's knowledge [Pre = 1.99 ± 0.83; Post = 3.08 ± 1.11; p-value = 0.000. Indonesian parents are aware that immunity affects cognitive growth of their children. However, there is still a lack of awareness or prior knowledge on cognitive measurement tools and components, and nutrition which is beneficial for immunity and cognitive growth.

Enhancing Health Outcomes for Breastfeeding Mothers and Children Through Optimal Nutrition – A Narrative Review Wasito, Erika
Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition
Publisher : Ridwan Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/jisn.v1i4.22

Breastfeeding is one of the best ways to provide nutrition to babies. Apart from that, breastfeeding also provides many benefits for health, such as reducing the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. However, not all mothers can breastfeed optimally, this can be caused by various factors. This review aims to discuss the role of nutrition in improving the health of breastfeeding mothers and children. Research results show that ensuring breastfeeding mothers receive sufficient nutrition to support healthy breast milk production can improve health outcomes for both mother and child. There are various factors that affect the nutritional intake of breastfeeding mothers, including knowledge about breastfeeding nutrition, dietary habits, the mother's busy activity, and social support. Adequate nutrition during the breastfeeding period can significantly reduce the likelihood of mothers suffering from fatigue, anemia, and depression. Similarly, infants who receive sufficient breast milk are less likely to experience stunting, infections, and other chronic illnesses.

The Importance Factors in Selecting Extensively Hydrolyzed Formulas for Cow’s Milk Allergy Management Wasito, Erika; Murti, Laksmi
Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition
Publisher : Ridwan Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/jisn.v1i1.5

Current guidelines recommend extensively hydrolyzed formulas (eHF) as the first choice for infants with mild to moderate cow’s milk allergy (CMA) symptoms. Different eHF producers may apply different technical processes that can influence the end characteristics of the products, the efficacy and effectiveness in CMA management. Thi s review aims to summarizes references and reports to indicate the importance factors that should be considered in selecting eHF available in the market for CMA treatment. The most important factor is the clinical evidence on tolerance level of the eHF formula above 90% among allergic children or the efficacy and effectiveness in CMA management. Other factors are the composition of protein molecular size in the end product and the long history of usage of the product in the population with positive feedback from more than 90% healthcare professionals that could indicate as the real-world evidence.

Safety of Soy Formula in Children With Cow's Milk Protein Allergy Wasito, Erika; Azzahra, Adelia
Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition
Publisher : Ridwan Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/jisn.v1i2.8

Cow's milk protein allergy is a common health problem among children. Children with cow's milk protein allergy cannot consume cow's milk or other dairy products because their bodies react to cow's milk proteins. In an effort to meet the nutritional needs of these children, soy formula is a commonly used option. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of soy milk formula in children with cow's milk protein allergy. This study used qualitative research methods. The data collection technique was done by literature study. The data that has been collected was then analyzed using three stages namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that soy milk formula is generally safe to be given to children with cow's milk protein allergy. Soy milk formula does not cause significant allergic symptoms in children with cow's milk protein allergy. In addition, soy milk formula also fulfills the nutritional needs of children with cow's milk protein allergy. Soy formula contains all the essential nutrients that children need to grow and develop. Based on the results of the study, soy milk formula can be a safe and effective formula option for children with cow's milk protein allergy.

Nutrition management for preterm infants to avoid growth faltering in later days Dilantika, Charisma; Wasito, Erika; Fathiya, Dina Nurul
Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024): Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition
Publisher : Ridwan Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/jisn.v2i4.33

Premature babies have a high risk of experiencing growth retardation due to the inability of their organs to function optimally, including in absorbing nutrients. The early period of life is a critical period that requires proper nutritional management to support optimal growth and development. This study aims to provide recommendations for optimal steps for nutritional management in premature babies so that growth retardation can be avoided. The results showed that the basic principles of preterm infant nutrition management involve strategic steps to optimally meet nutritional needs. The first step is exclusive breastfeeding, which is the best source of nutrition. If breast milk is insufficient, specialized formula milk is an important alternative. Other nutritional management includes enteral and parenteral nutrition, tailored to the infant's condition. Monitoring growth and development, food tolerance and body composition are key elements to ensure the success of the intervention. Collaboration between the healthcare team, including doctors, nurses, nutritionists and parents, is essential in this process. With a careful approach and monitoring, nutritional management can address the challenges of premature infants, providing a better chance of achieving optimal health and development in the future.

Pemberian ASI Sebagai Gizi Pelindung: Aspek Imunologi Bayi: Breastfeeding as Protective Nutrition: The Immunological Foundation for Infants Pelangi, Bunga; Wasito, Erika; Sitorus, Nova; Shella, Shella
Amerta Nutrition Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): AMERTA NUTRITION (Bilingual Edition)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v9i4.2025.722-734

Background: Breastfeeding, a crucial foundation for infant health, provides essential protective nutrition and a complex array of immune-protective factors. Breastfeeding as a natural, protective, and ethical practice is very important to support the health of infants and, by extension, the health of future generations. Objectives: The author emphasizes the biological components of breast milk as physiological protection for infant immunity and highlights the importance of breastfeeding promotion and protection within ideological and cultural contexts. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed using online database from Google Scholar to explore the immunological foundation of breastfeeding from original research articles published in recent 5 years. Discussions: Maternal health and maternal immunity are transferred to the infant through breast milk, providing a temporary but significant shield against pathogens. Ethical and philosophical dimensions of breastfeeding as an intrinsic maternal practice that extends beyond nutrition to embody intergenerational health protection. Conclusions: The role of breastfeeding as a natural, protective, and ethical practice is very important to support the health of infants and, by extension, the health of future generations. Philosophically and theoretically grounded strategies are effective in enhancing exclusive breastfeeding rates, particularly in treatments focused on breastfeeding education, empowerment, and counselling. Assistance in the initial days and weeks following delivery is crucial, as this timeframe is critical for the effective establishment of lactation.

The role of prebiotics and nutrition in early stages for brain and socio-emotional development : A literature review Ramayulis, Rita; Wasito, Erika
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 5 No. S2 (2022): Special Issue : critical aspects of early life nutrition, gut health, and deve
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V05.S2.0004

Introduction. The first 1000 days of life is the most crucial period for physical and neuro-emotional development. Since prenatal, the organ development had started and affected by many factors. Healthy neurodevelopment is dependent on socioeconomic, interpersonal and/or family, and nutritional factors. Macro- and micro-nutrients deficiencies may disrupt neurodevelopmental process. Iron, zinc, and iodium has been proven to affect brain development intrauterine and continues after birth. Prebiotics also play a role in neurodevelopmental through brain-gut-axis, but also beneficial on overall health. Methods. Advanced search for relevant literatures in PubMed, Cochrane, and Willey was conducted. After assessing the relevancy and eligibility, articles were selected and critically appraised. Conclusions. Prebiotics supplementation is beneficial in promoting gut health, thus also play a role in immune pathway and influence brain function. Many studies also shown that prebiotics might be used as additional therapy in diseases that related to gut health i.e functional gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, and allergy.

Experts’ Opinion on Immunity and Nutrition to Support Key Cognitive Functions Sekartini, Rini; Surapsari, Juwalita; Oktarina, Molly Dumakuri; Wiguna, Tjhin; Pasiak, Taufiq Fredrik; Basrowi, Ray Wagiu; Kartjito, Melissa Stephanie; Wasito, Erika
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 6 No. S2 (2023): Special Issue : expert perspectives on the interconnections between immunity,
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V06.S2.0001

The interaction of micronutrients and macronutrients has been shown to have a significant impact on children's cognitive development. Furthermore, proper nutrition helps a child's immune system avoid infection and disease, which can impair nutrient absorption and lead to deficiency. Microbiotas in the gut play critical roles in body physiology, including nutrient absorption, infection resistance and immune system development. Furthermore, it is known that the gut microbiota influences immune cell maturation. Finally, these three factors are thought to influence neurogenesis and cognitive development. A virtual meeting was held with five invited experts to gain a better understanding of the relationship between nutritional factors, the immune system and cognitive development.

Immunity as key factors that influence cognitive development on children Oktarina, Molly Dumakuri; Sekartini, Rini; Wasito, Erika; Kartjito, Melissa Stephanie
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 6 No. S2 (2023): Special Issue : expert perspectives on the interconnections between immunity,
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V06.S2.0003

Immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of the fetus are essential for normal neurodevelopment. Innate immunity-related molecules, including cytokines, toll-like receptors and complement family, are known to be expressed in the brain. Microglia, macrophage-like immune cells that reside in the brain and spinal cord, constitute 80% of all immune cells in the brain, making them the most abundant immune cell type. Acquired immunity-related molecules, such as major histocompatibility complex and antibody receptor, are also known to be expressed in the brain. In addition to this, research has demonstrated that they play important functions in the development of the brain. Neurodevelopmental diseases, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, autism-like obsessive-compulsive behaviours and social impairment, are characterized by a disruption of a wide variety of processes in the developing brain that depend on the normal function of microglia. Enteric infections and malnutrition in the first two years of life are linked to later cognitive impairment. Multiple studies have shown that bacterial and viral illnesses have direct or indirect impacts on cognitive performance in children. The immune system is in constant communication with the central nervous system and participates in the control of behaviour and a range of other essential neurological activities throughout the lifespan.

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