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Transforming Amicus Curiae Through an Experimental Jurisprudence Framework in Judicial Decision-Making Susilo, Erwin; Sujatmiko, Bagus; Arifin, Zaenal
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12689

This study examines the contemporary role of amicus curiae in strengthening judicial reasoning through the integration of the Experimental Jurisprudence (X-Jur) framework within the Indonesian legal system. The research addresses the absence of explicit regulations governing amicus curiae despite its increasing use in high-profile cases, creating inconsistencies in judicial treatment and undermining normative clarity. Using a normative legal method complemented by statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches, this study analyzes the doctrinal position of amicus curiae and evaluates its potential as an epistemic instrument that enriches judicial deliberations with empirical, psychological, and social perspectives. The findings demonstrate that amicus curiae provides valuable epistemic input that enhances judicial reflection; however, its current acceptance remains discretionary and fragmented due to the lack of procedural guidelines. The integration of X-Jur reveals a strong empirical connection between public perceptions of justice and judicial reasoning, offering a data-driven foundation for improving the legitimacy and social responsiveness of court decisions. The novelty of this research lies in conceptualizing amicus curiae as a methodological bridge between normative doctrine and empirical cognition, and in proposing a regulatory model—through a Supreme Court Regulation—that institutionalizes amicus curiae as a formal mechanism within Indonesia’s civil law tradition. This framework is essential for strengthening transparency, judicial reflectiveness, and the pursuit of substantive justice in modern adjudication.

Access to Justice: An Effective Pretrial Model to Guarantee the Right to Defense for Suspects in Indonesia Susilo, Erwin; Din, Mohd; Suhaimi; Mansur, Teuku Muttaqin
Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Vol 14 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Strategi Kebijakan Hukum dan Peradilan Mahkamah Agung RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25216/jhp.14.2.2025.317-350

This paper examines the ineffectiveness of the pretrial mechanism in Indonesia in guaranteeing the right of suspects to submit and request examination of exculpatory evidence during the investigation stage. Although the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) provides a legal basis for this right, no rules guarantee that investigators will conduct such examinations, as evidenced by several cases in which investigators ignored such requests. This study is normative legal research, employing a statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach. It compares the Brady Rule in the United States, which requires prosecutors to disclose evidence favorable to the defendant, and the Dutch model of the 'rechter-commissaris', which grants judges the authority to oversee investigative actions actively. The results of this study recommend expanding the authority of pretrial judges to order investigators to examine mitigating evidence based on requests from the suspect or their legal counsel. This reform is important to realize the principles of fair trial, favor defensionis, and equality of arms, as well as to strengthen constitutional protection of human rights and the values of Pancasila. Preliminary hearings, as conceptualized here, can address the injustices that remain unresolved despite decades since the enactment of the CPC in 1981.

Judicial Decisions and Legal Autopoiesis: Law as a Living System Susilo, Erwin
AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah INSURI Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37680/almanhaj.v7i1.7882

Law, as a living system, evolves through continuous communication, enabling it to adapt to social changes and technological advancements. This research examines the question of how law reproduces itself within the framework of judicial decision-making in Indonesia, to explain the theoretical and practical roles of judges in maintaining the vitality of the legal system. Using a normative-conceptual (doctrinal-philosophical) approach, this research combines Niklas Luhmann's autopoiesis theory, Hans Kelsen's pure law theory, Jürgen Habermas's communicative action theory, Ronald Dworkin's concept of law as integrity, and Pierre Bourdieu's theory of symbolic power to analyze how judicial decisions function as a mechanism for legal reproduction. The research results show that judges in Indonesia not only apply existing norms but also interpret and reconstruct them to align with social and technological developments. For example, this is evident in Supreme Court Decisions Number 1794 K/Pdt/2004 and Number 230/G/TF/2019/PTUN-JKT, which demonstrate how judges' legal considerations integrate normative coherence, communicative legitimacy, and social responsiveness. This research concludes that law in Indonesia functions as an autopoietic system—capable of independently reproducing itself, adapting, and sustaining itself through judicial communication, thus remaining relevant, legitimate, and responsive to the dynamics of contemporary society.

Healing Law, Not Hurting: Building a Therapeutic Jurisprudence-Based Criminal Justice System in Indonesia Susilo, Erwin; Mawla Ibnu Kamali , Karell
Ius Poenale Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/ip.v6i2.4408

Therapeutic Jurisprudence (TJ) offers a humane and rehabilitation-oriented paradigm that moves beyond a purely punitive criminal justice model. This study examines the urgency of implementing TJ in Indonesia and proposes a conceptual criminal justice model to support its application. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches, the study finds that TJ can enhance rehabilitation and reduce recidivism by incorporating defendants’ psychological and social conditions into judicial decision-making. The proposed model integrates Social Research Reports as a key basis for sentencing and strengthens the role of community probation officers in the rehabilitation process. Its implementation requires legal reform, particularly amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code to authorize judges to order Social Research Reports for adult defendants and to reinforce probation institutions. This study contributes to the development of a more inclusive, just, and rehabilitative criminal justice system in Indonesia.

Ratio Decidendi dan Obiter Dictum: Evolusi Konseptual Pertimbangan Hakim dalam Putusan Pidana Indonesia Susilo, Erwin; Negara, Dharma Setiawan
Jurnal Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Vol 16, No 2 (2025): JNH VOL 16 NO 2 NOVEMBER 2025
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian Setjen DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22212/jnh.v16i2.5049

Artikel ini membahas integrasi antara ratio decidendi dan obiter dictum dalam putusan perkara pidana di Indonesia sebagai cerminan perkembangan paradigma hukum yang tidak lagi terikat pada klasifikasi tradisional sistem common law. Melalui metode yuridis normatif, tulisan ini menyoroti bagaimana berlakunya Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, khususnya Pasal 53 ayat (2), mendorong pengadilan untuk mendahulukan nilai keadilan dibandingkan kepastian hukum, sehingga membuka ruang bagi obiter dictum untuk memperoleh relevansinya secara substantif. Dalam konteks ini, ratio decidendi dan obiter dictum dipahami bukan sebagai entitas yang terpisah secara ketat, melainkan saling melengkapi dalam membentuk struktur pertimbangan hukum yang integral. Artikel ini juga mengaitkan pergeseran tersebut dengan konsep positivisme hukum inklusif, yang mengakomodasi nilai-nilai moral dan kemanusiaan ke dalam sistem hukum positif. Dengan menelaah berbagai konsep, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penyatuan ratio decidendi dan obiter dictum adalah suatu keniscayaan secara yuridis dalam membangun putusan pidana yang adil dan kontekstual dalam sistem hukum Indonesia yang berlandaskan Pancasila.

Restorative Justice: Antithesis or New Face of The Punishment Model? Susilo, Erwin; Sujatmiko, Bagus; Mawla Ibnu Kamali , Karell
Legitimasi: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Politik Hukum Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Islamic Criminal Law Department, Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/legitimasi.v14i2.31892

Restorative Justice is increasingly adopted to overcome the limitations of retributive punishment, which emphasizes inflicting suffering on offenders. However, a fundamental theoretical debate remains regarding the ontological status of Restorative Justice: whether it is merely a non-penal mechanism outside the concept of punishment or a transformative form of punishment within the modern penal framework. This research examines this debate by determining the proper positioning of Restorative Justice in modern sentencing policy. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the penal paradigm by integrating restorative, utilitarian, and moral-communitarian values into a more humane and inclusive system of punishment. Using normative legal research with a conceptual approach, this study analyzes theories, legislation, and judicial practices related to Restorative Justice in Indonesia. The findings suggest that Restorative Justice still retains punitive elements, as offenders are required to acknowledge wrongdoing and repair the harm. Consequently, Restorative Justice ought not to be classified as an exclusively non-penal mechanism but rather as an evolution of punishment that prioritizes reconciliation, moral accountability, and social restoration. This study concludes that Restorative Justice represents the new face of punishment, where the ultimate aim is no longer solely retribution but the restoration of social balance and substantive justice for victims, offenders, and society.

Unraveling the ambiguity of the commonality element in Indonesian class action litigation Susilo, Erwin; Nahdhah, Nahdhah; Negara , Dharma Setiawan
International Journal of Law, Environment, and Natural Resources Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): April Issue
Publisher : Scholar Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51749/injurlens.v6i1.151

The meaning of commonality in Class Action (CA) lawsuits in Indonesia, which remains abstractly formulated, leaves room for judges to interpret it differently, potentially leading to "disparities in rulings and legal uncertainty." This research aims to compare the regulation of CA in Indonesia and the United States, specifically regarding the concept of commonality, and to formulate a more concrete and applicable concept for the Indonesian legal system. The normative legal research used in this study employs a legislative and comparative law approach. Based on the study, this research found that in the United States, commonality has developed more clearly through jurisprudence by emphasizing a single core issue (common contention) and the dominance of a shared issue (predominance), unlike Indonesia, which still lacks a definite standard. From this condition, this research takes a firm position that commonality should not be merely interpreted as a general similarity, but rather as a unity of substantive issues that can be proven and resolved collectively in a single decision. On this basis, it is necessary to formulate a norm that is "concrete, measurable, and operational" so that the CA mechanism can truly provide legal certainty.

Unraveling the ambiguity of the commonality element in Indonesian class action litigation Susilo, Erwin; Nahdhah, Nahdhah; Negara , Dharma Setiawan
International Journal of Law, Environment, and Natural Resources Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): April Issue
Publisher : Scholar Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51749/injurlens.v6i1.151

The meaning of commonality in Class Action (CA) lawsuits in Indonesia, which remains abstractly formulated, leaves room for judges to interpret it differently, potentially leading to "disparities in rulings and legal uncertainty." This research aims to compare the regulation of CA in Indonesia and the United States, specifically regarding the concept of commonality, and to formulate a more concrete and applicable concept for the Indonesian legal system. The normative legal research used in this study employs a legislative and comparative law approach. Based on the study, this research found that in the United States, commonality has developed more clearly through jurisprudence by emphasizing a single core issue (common contention) and the dominance of a shared issue (predominance), unlike Indonesia, which still lacks a definite standard. From this condition, this research takes a firm position that commonality should not be merely interpreted as a general similarity, but rather as a unity of substantive issues that can be proven and resolved collectively in a single decision. On this basis, it is necessary to formulate a norm that is "concrete, measurable, and operational" so that the CA mechanism can truly provide legal certainty.

Analisis Konsentrasi DPK di Bank Umum Indonesia Berdasarkan Tiering Saldo Hatta, M.; Susilo, Erwin
RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Februari - April
Publisher : Prodi Bisnis Digital Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/riggs.v5i1.6852

Penelitian ini menganalisis dinamika perkembangan dan tingkat konsentrasi Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK) perbankan Indonesia berdasarkan klasifikasi tiering saldo selama periode 2013–2025. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola pertumbuhan DPK, perubahan struktur deposan, serta implikasi konsentrasi dana terhadap stabilitas sistem perbankan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif-komparatif dan memanfaatkan data agregat publikasi Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan (LPS), analisis dibagi ke dalam tiga fase utama, yaitu periode pra-pandemi (2013–2019), periode pandemi dan dampaknya (2020–2023), serta periode pasca-pandemi (2024–2025). Tingkat konsentrasi dan ketimpangan distribusi DPK dianalisis menggunakan beberapa indikator komplementer, antara lain Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI), rasio konsentrasi antar tier saldo, Kurva Lorenz, dan Indeks Gini. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan DPK perbankan Indonesia bersifat asimetris dan cenderung semakin terkonsentrasi pada kelompok rekening bersaldo besar. Meskipun Tier 1 (rekening bersaldo kecil) secara konsisten mendominasi jumlah rekening, kontribusinya terhadap total nominal DPK terus mengalami penurunan relatif. Sebaliknya, kelompok tier saldo tinggi, khususnya Tier 5 hingga Tier 7, menunjukkan peningkatan kontribusi yang signifikan dan bersifat struktural dalam jangka menengah hingga panjang. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan DPK lebih mencerminkan proses pendalaman simpanan (deposit deepening) dibandingkan perluasan basis deposan secara luas. Kondisi tersebut memiliki implikasi penting terhadap stabilitas likuiditas perbankan, sensitivitas terhadap perilaku deposan besar, serta efektivitas kebijakan inklusi keuangan. Oleh karena itu, hasil penelitian ini relevan sebagai dasar pertimbangan bagi regulator dan otoritas perbankan dalam merancang kebijakan pengelolaan risiko konsentrasi dana dan strategi pendalaman intermediasi keuangan yang berkelanjutan.

Reassessing Dwangsom in Indonesian Civil Procedure Law: Legality, Preferences, and Urgency Setiawan Negara, Dharma; Susilo, Erwin; Lufsiana
Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Supremasi Hukum
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/sh.ctp9wt62

Dwangsom are intended to compel the losing party to comply with a legally binding court decision. However, in Indonesian civil procedural law, they continue to cause uncertainty and debate. Generally, previous research has focused only enforcement of a fine obstacles rather than on normative limitations, issues with the principle of justice, and the sustainability of dwangsom. This research aims to discuss the legality, preferences, and urgency of Dwangsom through doctrinal legal research methods, drawing on statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The analysis was conducted on Indonesian regulations by comparing them with Dutch civil procedural law as a reference. The findings highlight three key points. First, the application of dwangsom can be traced back to Articles 606a and 606b of the Reglement op de Rechtsvordering (Rv) serve as the primary legal basis for the imposition of dwangsom in Indonesian civil procedure. Second, the principle of proportionality demonstrates that dwangsom should not be applied to judgments involving the payment of a sum of money or debt obligations, because monetary obligations already have their own enforcement mechanism. Third, future reform of Indonesian civil procedure law is necessary to establish measurable standards for determining the dwangsom. The absence of clear limitations regarding the amount and duration of dwangsom creates significant risks of abuse. These findings expand on previous studies by positioning dwangsom as a procedural sanction that must be tested through the principles of proportionality and legal certainty.

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