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All Journal JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) Veritas et Justitia LEGITIMASI: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Politik Hukum Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Jurnal Daulat Hukum Jurnal Akta Hasanuddin Law Review Jurnal Ius Constituendum Nagari Law Review Yurispruden Jurnal Yuridis Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan PROGRESIF: Jurnal Hukum Jurnal GeoEkonomi SIGn Jurnal Hukum JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW ARBITER: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Hukum Al-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam Law Development Journal Mimbar Hukum Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business INJURLENS Open Access DRIVERset
Susilo, Erwin
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Religion Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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PENDEKATAN FAVOR DEFENSIONIS DALAM MEREALISASIKAN HAK TERDAKWA UNTUK MENGHADIRKAN SAKSI ATAU AHLI Susilo, Erwin; Rafi, Muhammad
Veritas et Justitia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): Veritas et Justitia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25123/vej.v10i2.8479

Abstract

According to Article 66 of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code, public prosecutors are authorized to summon witnesses or experts to strengthen their case against a defendant. In contrast, the defendant is under no obligation to do the same but retains the right to present witnesses or experts in their defense (Article 65). However, challenges arise when defendants must summon witnesses without the backing of pro justitia status, complicating the legitimacy of such summonses. Employing a normative legal approach, it analyzes relevant laws, doctrines, norms, and practices to address the legal inadequacies surrounding the defendant’s right to present exculpatory witnesses or experts, utilizing the Favor Defensionis (FD) doctrine to address these challenges. Key findings include the following: 1) witnesses and experts play a vital role in ensuring verdicts are based on substantive truth, thereby affirming the defendant’s right to present a defense in line with equality of arms and due process principle; 2) ambiguities regarding the pro justitia legitimacy of defendants’ summonses create hesitation among witnesses or experts, impacting their willingness to appear in court; and 3) the FD doctrine supports legal interpretations that favor the defendant to maintain judicial balance. Under this doctrine, public prosecutors should summon witnesses or experts at the request of the defendant or the judge, with judges authorized to order such actions. This approach enables judges’ active judicial participation while preserving defendant’s right to independently call witnesses or experts to support their defense.
Justice Delayed, Justice Denied: A Critical Examination of Repeated Suspect Status in Indonesia Susilo, Erwin; Din, Mohd.; Suhaimi, Suhaimi; Mansur, Teuku Muttaqin
Hasanuddin Law Review VOLUME 10 ISSUE 3, DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v10i3.6088

Abstract

The Indonesian criminal justice system faces critical issues with the repeated designation of individuals as suspects, which compromises legal certainty and the protection of human rights. This study provides a critical analysis of the procedural and ethical consequences of repeated suspect designations within the framework of Indonesia's Criminal Procedure Code. This study employs a doctrinal legal research methodology, incorporating statute, case and conceptual approaches. The results show that pretrial judges assess the validity of suspect designations based on procedural and formal principles. Their authority is confined to reviewing formal aspects. These limitations underscore that pretrial proceedings focus solely on administrative and procedural compliance rather than the substantive merits of the case. This formalist perspective follows civil procedural principles, emphasizing procedural correctness over material truth. While pretrial judges can annul a suspect designation, investigators can re-designate the person as a suspect if new evidence is presented. Such a reform would ensure a more balanced relationship between judicial oversight and investigative authority, minimizing arbitrary practices and enhancing procedural fairness. However, the recurring practice of re-designating suspects raises a significant flaw in the system, undermining legal certainty and eroding public trust.
The Arrangement Unus Testis Nullus Testis in Sexual Violence Crime Cases: Crucial or Over-Regulation? Mardhiah, Ainal; Susilo, Erwin; Negara, Dharma Setiawan
Jurnal Daulat Hukum Vol 8, No 1 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/jdh.v8i1.44613

Abstract

The principle unus testis nullus testis is a fundamental evidentiary rule in Indonesian criminal procedure, requiring at least two valid pieces of evidence to convict a defendant. This principle aligns with the negative legal system approach, emphasizing judicial certainty in criminal trials. However, its strict application in cases of sexual violence presents challenges, as these crimes often occur in closed settings where the victim is the sole witness. Recognizing this, Law No. 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes introduces a provision that allows a victim's testimony, supported by at least one other piece of evidence, to be sufficient for conviction. This study examines the normative conflict between Article 25(1) of Law No. 12 of 2022 and Article 185(2) KUHAP, which traditionally enforces the unus testis nullus testis principle. By employing a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes the necessity and implications of this special provision, comparing its application with Dutch legal practice, where courts allow supporting evidence beyond direct witness testimony (steunbewijs). The findings suggest that while special considerations for sexual violence cases are justified, Article 25(1) of Law No. 12 of 2022 may constitute over-regulation, as its substance is already accommodated within the existing evidentiary framework of the KUHAP. This research highlights the need for harmonization between special provisions on sexual violence cases and general evidentiary rules to ensure legal certainty while upholding justice for victims. Future legislative reforms should focus on integrating these provisions systematically to prevent redundancy and inconsistencies within Indonesia’s criminal justice system.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN KONFLIK KERJA STRES KERJA DAN ROTASI KARYAWAN TERHADAP KINERJA BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI KARYAWAN DI RUMAH SAKIT PERTAMINA BALIKPAPAN Nainggolan, Hermin; Kemala Sari, Gita; Susilo, Erwin
Jurnal GeoEkonomi Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Program Studi Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Balikpapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36277/geoekonomi.v16i1.549

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of leadership style, work conflict, work stress and employee rotation on performance based on employee perceptions of PT. Pertamina Balikpapan Hospital. The sample used in this study in the Medical Check UP, radiology, laboratory and medical record installations amounted to 54 respondents. The analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis, classical assumption test. The statistical analysis test tool used was the SPSS version 24 program. Based on the study, the results obtained that partially, the Leadership Style variable has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. This is indicated by the t-count value of 2.868>t-table 2.00958 and a significance value of 0.006 which is less than 0.05. The Work Conflict variable does not have a positive and insignificant effect on Employee Performance. This is indicated by the t-count value of 0.422 <t-table 2.00958 and a significance value of 0.675 which is greater than 0.05. The Work Stress variable has a negative and insignificant effect on Performance. This is indicated by the obtained t-value of -0.615 <ttable 2.00958 and a significance value of 0.541 which is greater than 0.05. The Employee Rotation variable has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. This is indicated by the obtained t-value of 3.826> ttable 2.00958 and a significance value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05. That simultaneously the results obtained by Leadership Style, Work Conflict, Work Stress and Employee Rotation have a significant effect on Employee Performance. This is indicated by the obtained F-value of 14.689> F-table 2.56 with a significance value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05.
Persidangan Tertutup dalam Perkara Pidana Non-Kesusilaan: Problematika dan Urgensi Pembaharuan Hukum Susilo, Erwin
PROGRESIF: Jurnal Hukum Vol 19 No 1 (2025): PROGRESIF : Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/de64s595

Abstract

The principle of open court proceedings is a fundamental aspect of criminal procedural law to ensure a fair trial. However, there is a legal gap concerning the authority of judges to determine closed court sessions for cases containing elements of morality but not classified as morality-related cases. This study examines the legal issues and normative solutions to the ambiguity in the Indonesian Code of Criminal Procedure (KUHAP) regarding closed court proceedings in non-morality criminal cases. Using normative legal research methods and statutory, case, comparative, and conceptual approaches, this study compares the legal framework in Indonesia with the judicial system in Spain. The findings indicate that KUHAP does not provide clear guidelines for judges in determining closed court proceedings based on the substance of the evidence. Therefore, criminal procedural law reform is necessary to accommodate judicial flexibility in deciding closed trials while upholding the audi alteram partem principle. This reform aims to balance the principle of open court proceedings and the protection of parties' rights, ensuring that judicial decisions on the nature of court proceedings have a stronger legal foundation and can be consistently applied within Indonesia's criminal justice system.
Perlindungan Hukum Tanah Sengketa: Urgensi Doktrin Lis Pendens dalam Reformasi Hukum Acara Perdata Indonesia Susilo, Erwin
ARBITER: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Hukum Vol 7, No 1 (2025): ARBITER: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Hukum Mei
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/arbiter.v7i1.6166

Abstract

This article aims to examine the urgency of applying the doctrine of lis pendens in civil land dispute cases in Indonesia, particularly to provide legal protection for disputing parties and third parties against the risk of land rights transfer over disputed property during court proceedings. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The legal systems of India and England are selected as comparators, as they have explicitly implemented the doctrine of lis pendens through legislation and case law, especially in terms of third-party protection, effectiveness in preventing the transfer of disputed objects, and case registration systems. The findings indicate that Indonesian civil procedural law does not yet have an automatic mechanism to prohibit the transfer of disputed objects during ongoing proceedings, resulting in a legal vacuum. The main contribution of this study is to propose the application of the lis pendens doctrine through the establishment of new procedural norms, the development of a court case information administration system, and public awareness campaigns on precautionary principles in land transactions. The study recommends the enactment of legal norms prohibiting land transfers during the judicial process.
Independensi Kekuasaan Kehakiman Dalam Menjatuhkan Putusan Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Undang-Undang Sebagai Perjanjian Negara, Dharma Setiawan; Susilo, Erwin
Mimbar Hukum Vol 37 No 1 (2025): Mimbar Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mh.v37i1.18891

Abstract

Abstract Laws (UU) are understood as the manifestation of an agreement between the people, represented by the legislative body (House of Representatives), and the government, represented by the executive body. In a democratic system, the process of forming laws reflects the principles of deliberation and consensus, which aim to create a social, national, and state order. However, the role of the judicial branch in upholding justice is often reduced to merely enforcing laws. Regardless, judges are directly accountable to God under the principle of ‘Justice Based on the Almighty God’ in carrying their duties. This places the judicial power in a unique position, not only as an enforcer of laws but also as an interpreter of justice that must be independent from the influence of the executive and legislative branches. In this context, a fundamental challenge arises: how can judges uphold true justice when laws, as products of agreements between the executive and legislative branches, do not always reflect the substantive values of justice expected by society? Therefore, judicial independence is essential to ensure that decisions are not merely an implementation of the text of the law, but also reflect the justice that exists in society. The principle of checks and balances is not merely about the division of power, but also about how the judicial branch can fulfil its role as an independent guardian of justice in a legal context that is often biased towards political and economic interests. Abstrak Undang-Undang (UU) dipahami sebagai manifestasi perjanjian antara rakyat yang diwakili oleh lembaga legislatif (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat) dan pemerintah yang diwakili oleh lembaga eksekutif. Dalam sistem demokrasi, proses pembentukan UU mencerminkan prinsip musyawarah dan kesepakatan yang bertujuan untuk menciptakan tata kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara. Namun, peran kekuasaan kehakiman (Yudisial) dalam menegakkan keadilan sering kali tereduksi menjadi sekadar penerap undang-undang, padahal dalam menjalankan tugasnya, hakim bertanggung jawab langsung kepada Tuhan dengan prinsip "Demi Keadilan Berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa." Ini menempatkan kekuasaan Yudisial dalam posisi yang unik, tidak hanya sebagai pelaksana undang-undang, tetapi juga sebagai penafsir keadilan yang harus bebas dari pengaruh eksekutif dan legislatif. Dalam konteks ini, muncul tantangan mendasar: bagaimana hakim dapat menegakkan keadilan sejati ketika undang-undang sebagai produk perjanjian antara kekuasaan eksekutif dan legislatif tidak selalu mencerminkan nilai-nilai keadilan substantif yang diharapkan oleh masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, independensi hakim menjadi esensial dalam memastikan bahwa putusan yang dihasilkan tidak sekadar mengimplementasikan teks undang-undang, tetapi juga mencerminkan keadilan yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Prinsip check and balance bukan hanya soal pembagian kekuasaan, tetapi juga soal bagaimana kekuasaan kehakiman mampu menjalankan perannya sebagai penjaga keadilan yang independen dalam konteks hukum yang sering kali bias terhadap kepentingan politik dan ekonomi.
Errors That Can Be Tolerated in Criminal Court Decisions Using A Doctrinal Approach Harmless Error in Order to Carry Out The Principles of Justice Susilo, Erwin; Negara, Dharma Setiawan
JURNAL AKTA Vol 12, No 1 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : Program Magister (S2) Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/akta.v12i1.43629

Abstract

A fair criminal trial is a fundamental pillar of the justice system, ensuring that substantive justice prevails over mere procedural correctness. This article explores the essential elements of criminal verdicts, particularly legal considerations and judicial rulings, as outlined in Article 197 of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). It further analyzes judicial errors through the doctrinal approach of harmless error. In judicial practice, errors in a judge's decision can be categorized into substantial (harmful error) and non-substantial (harmless error). Substantial errors directly affect the defendant’s rights or compromise the integrity of the trial, potentially leading to a miscarriage of justice. In contrast, non-substantial errors are procedural or administrative in nature, meaning they do not significantly impact substantive justice or alter the final outcome of the case. The harmless error doctrine, originating from common law jurisdictions, has been adopted in various legal systems, including Indonesia, to balance trial efficiency with the pursuit of material truth. This doctrine prevents the unnecessary annulment of verdicts due to minor, non-prejudicial errors that do not affect the essence of justice. By recognizing the distinction between procedural irregularities and substantive violations, courts can uphold fair trials while minimizing delays caused by technical challenges. This research underscores the necessity of a criminal justice system that is simple, swift, and cost-effective, in line with the principles of justice in Indonesia. An efficient legal framework that embraces the harmless error doctrine ensures that the judicial process remains fair without being unnecessarily rigid. Ultimately, the legal system must remain justice-oriented, prioritizing substantive fairness over procedural perfection to uphold the rule of law and protect individual rights. 
Critiquing the Use of the Term Restorative Justice in Narcotics Cases Susilo, Erwin; Setiawan Negara, Dharma
Jurnal Ius Constituendum Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): OCTOBER
Publisher : Magister Hukum Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/jic.v10i3.12150

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the appropriateness of using the term “Restorative Justice” (RJ) in the settlement of narcotics cases at the investigation and inquiry stages in Indonesia, as regulated under the Regulation of the Chief of the Indonesian National Police Number 8 of 2021 concerning the Handling of Criminal Offenses Based on Restorative Justice (INPR 8/2021). The background of this research arises from the conceptual tension between RJ’s core principles—namely, victim-offender dialogue and community involvement—and the actual practice in narcotics cases, where the offender is simultaneously the victim and no external harmed party is present. The urgency of this writing lies in the widespread use of RJ terminology in policy documents without adequate alignment to its philosophical foundations, which may create confusion in legal interpretation and practice. Using normative juridical methods, this research employs conceptual and statutory approaches to find that the substance of INPR 8/2021 is more aligned with Rehabilitation Theory (RT), particularly the medical model, which views the offender as a patient in need of treatment rather than as a morally responsible agent. This study provides a novel conceptual clarification by framing INPR 8/2021 within the medical model of rehabilitation rather than traditional RJ. This reinterpretation contributes to more accurate legal discourse and supports the development of coherent and normatively sound drug policy frameworks in Indonesia, ensuring that the use of legal terminology reflects the actual purpose and design of the policy.
Restoring Victims of Wrongful Arrest: Automatic Compensation through a Parallel Justice Approach Susilo, Erwin; Negara, Dharma Setiawan; Lufsiana, Lufsiana
Law Development Journal Vol 7, No 3 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ldj.7.3.375-391

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the weaknesses of the existing compensation mechanism for victims of wrongful arrest in the criminal justice system and to propose a reform model based on the principle of Parallel Justice (PJ). Although Indonesian law, particularly the Criminal Procedure Code and Government Regulation No. 92/2015, already provides a legal basis for compensation, the mechanism remains petition-based and dependent on victims’ initiative through pre-trial proceedings. Such a passive system creates structural injustice and fails to guarantee effective recovery for victims of state error. The research method used in this study is normative legal research, employing statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The statutory approach is applied to examine the positive law in Indonesia regarding compensation. The conceptual approach is used to analyze and reformulate the theory of compensation by incorporating the PJ framework developed by Susan Herman, which emphasizes proactive victim restoration. The comparative approach reviews practices in other jurisdictions such as Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, and the United States to identify models of automatic compensation that can be adapted into the Indonesian context. The novelty in this research is the application of the Parallel Justice concept—originally designed for crime victims in general—to the context of wrongful arrest caused by state authorities. This adaptation provides a new paradigm in Indonesian criminal procedure by positioning victims of wrongful arrest not merely as claimants but as individuals entitled to automatic state responsibility. Based on the research, it is concluded that adopting the PJ approach can create a more responsive, victim-oriented, and automatic compensation system. Such reform would strengthen the protection of human rights, enhance public trust in the legal system, and ensure that victims of wrongful arrest are restored fairly, quickly, and comprehensively.
Co-Authors Ainal Mardhiah Asih, Wigati Taberi Din, Mohd. Kemala Sari, Gita Lufsiana Lufsiana, Lufsiana M. Hatta M. Rafi Mawla Ibnu Kamali , Karell Mohd Din, Mohd Nahdhah Nahdhah, Nahdhah Nainggolan, Hermin Negara , Dharma Setiawan Negara, Dharma Setiawan Sembiring, Eddy Daulatta Setiawan Negara, Dharma Suhaimi Suhaimi Suhaimi Sujatmiko, Bagus Teuku Muttaqin Mansur Zaenal Arifin