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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Jurnal Ilmiah RESPATI
Zulqifli, Iqbal
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT Medicine & Pharmacology

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Article Review: Formulasi dan Evaluasi Microneedle Mukoadhesif Buccal dengan Berbagai Metode Pembuatan Aini, Kania Nurul; Zahra, Aliya Azkia; Sabrina, Lina Maisa; Maulida, Verin Sakinah; Zulqifli, Iqbal; Rafifa, Muthia; Putra, Hasan Etanov
JURNAL PERTANIAN Vol 16, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Respati
Publisher : Universitas Respati Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52643/jir.v16i1.5431

Abstract

Sistem penghantaran obat menggunakan microneedle mukoadhesif buccal menawarkan teknologi inovatif untuk mengirimkan obat secara minimal invasif melalui mukosa buccal. Dalam 10 tahun terakhir, berbagai metode pembuatan, seperti ablasi laser, pencetakan 3D, dan fotolitografi, telah menghasilkan peningkatan akurasi dan efisiensi struktur microneedle. Formulasi berbahan polimer seperti HPMC dan karbopol terbukti memberikan kekuatan adhesi tinggi, mendukung retensi obat yang lebih baik pada mukosa. Polimer alami seperti asam hialuronat dan kitosan berperan dalam hidrasi mukosa serta pelepasan obat yang terkontrol. Penelitian menunjukkan ukuran microneedle yang tepat berkontribusi terhadap efisiensi penetrasi dan pelepasan obat, dengan durasi pelepasan yang dapat disesuaikan dari hitungan menit hingga beberapa hari. Selain itu, formulasi tertentu mampu menghasilkan pelepasan obat dari hitungan menit hingga beberapa hari, tergantung kebutuhan terapi. Microneedle mukoadhesif buccal sangat efektif dalam pengobatan lokal, seperti ulkus oral, dan juga dapat memberikan efek terapeutik sistemik yang signifikan. Dengan kemampuan penghantaran obat yang presisi, efisiensi tinggi, dan minim rasa sakit, sistem ini memberikan alternatif yang menjanjikan untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan pasien. Perkembangan teknologi pembuatan dan formulasi terus membuka peluang aplikasi yang lebih luas dalam berbagai kondisi klinis, menjadikan microneedle mukoadhesif buccal sebagai solusi unggulan untuk terapi obat masa depan. Kata Kunci: Buccal, Microneedle, Mukoadhesif
Pharmacogenomics β-Blockers in Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Blood Pressure and Clinical Outcomes Zulqifli, Iqbal; Malau, Jekmal; Aditya, Fitra Ari; Nursyafillah, Rizki Noval; Harbulcholizi, Luthfi; Rahmasari, Ratika; Raekiansyah, Muhareva; Hermosaningtyas, Anastasia Aliesa
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 13, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v13i2.60681

Abstract

Hypertension is a chronic condition that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and death. β-blockers, including atenolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, and carvedilol, lower blood pressure by blocking adrenergic receptors. However, variations in response and side effects are often influenced by genetic differences that affect drug metabolism and action. This narrative review analyzes studies published between 2014 and 2024 in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using keywords related to genetic variation, β-blockers, hypertension, pharmacogenetics, and polymorphisms. Original studies in English, clinical trials on genetic polymorphisms and β-blocker response were included; reviews and incomplete studies were excluded. Clinical outcomes included changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, hypotension, aortic root z-score, LVOT gradient, NT-proBNP, and premature ventricular contractions, which were associated with polymorphisms in the ADRB1, ADRB2, ACY3, FGD5, SLC4A1, and SLC25A31 genes. Metabolic outcomes, impaired fasting glucose, new-onset diabetes, and melatonin metabolite changes were associated with variants in PRKCB, DPYS, PAH, and PLEKHH2. Most data came from European and North American populations, with limited representation from Asia, limiting generalizability. These findings support the use of pharmacogenomics to personalize β-blocker therapy and improve hypertension management, despite challenges related to high costs, limited infrastructure, the lack of clinical guidelines, and population heterogeneity.
Co-Authors Aditya, Fitra Ari Aini, Kania Nurul Harbulcholizi, Luthfi Hermosaningtyas, Anastasia Aliesa Jekmal Malau Maulida, Verin Sakinah Muhareva Raekiansyah Nursyafillah, Rizki Noval Putra, Hasan Etanov Rafifa, Muthia Rahmasari, Ratika Sabrina, Lina Maisa Zahra, Aliya Azkia