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Pengaruh Variasi Gen CYP2D6 Terhadap Terapi Tamoxifen Pada Pasien Kanker Payudara di Kawasan Asia Septi, Annisa Frastica; Zahra, Aliya Azkia; Malau, Jekmal
Jurnal Kesehatan Vol 13 No 1 (2024): Jurnal Kesehatan
Publisher : STIKES Ngesti Waluyo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46815/jk.v13i1.251

Abstract

reast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in society, especially among women. Tamoxifen is often used as a first-line therapy for breast cancer and reduces the risk of recurrence in ER+ breast cancer. However, the response to treatment varies due to genetic variability resulting from polymorphisms in the DNA encoding drug-metabolism enzymes, including the CYP2D6 gene. This literature review aimed to evaluate the impact of CYP2D6 gene variants on the effectiveness of tamoxifen in breast cancer treatment. A literature search was conducted through PubMed, Google Scholar, and BMC Cancer using relevant keywords. The selected articles were no more than ten years old (2014-2024), with criteria for inclusion and exclusion. The review of articles from various research journals found that in the Asian region, the CYP2D6 gene variant allele *10 was most frequently seen, resulting in Intermediate Metabolism (IM) in tamoxifen therapy. Patients with IM metabolism tend to have suboptimal therapeutic responses and require tamoxifen dose adjustments.Conversely, patients with Normal Metabolism (NM/EM) tend to have better therapeutic responses. Genetic variability in the CYP2D6 gene affects the activity of the CYP2D6 enzyme, which functions to convert tamoxifen into its active form, Endoxifen. Some individuals may have low (Poor Metabolizer), Intermediate (Intermediate Metabolizer), Normal (Extensive Metabolizer), or even high (Ultra-rapid Metabolizer) enzyme activity. Therefore, adjusting tamoxifen therapy based on patient genetic information is essential for optimal treatment, especially in Asia, where the CYP2D6 gene variant allele *10 is most commonly found, resulting in IM metabolism
Formulasi dan Uji Antikoksidan Pada Sediaan Lip Balm Dari Ekstrak Kulit Buah Apel Fuji (Malus Domestica (Suckow) Borkh) Abbas, Zuyyinna Alya; Zahra, Aliya Azkia; Malau, Jekmal
JURNAL PERTANIAN Vol 15, No 3 (2024): Jurnal Ilmiah Respati
Publisher : Universitas Respati Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52643/jir.v15i3.4417

Abstract

Lip balm adalah kosmetik serbaguna yang menawarkan perlindungan dan hidrasi pada bibir, sekaligus meningkatkan kesehatannya secara keseluruhan. Kulit apel Fuji mengandung berbagai macam fitokimia, seperti antioksidan seperti phloridzin, asam klorogenat, katekin, dan quercetin. Quercetin memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan kadar antioksidan dan mengurangi kemungkinan berbagai penyakit. Penelitian ini menyelidiki apakah kulit apel dapat digunakan untuk membuat pelembab bibir antioksidan dengan khasiat yang diinginkan dan iritasi yang minimal. Bahan-bahan yang digunakan untuk membuat lip balm kulit apel Fuji termasuk minyak kakao, minyak bunga matahari, vaseline album, lilin lebah, gliserin, dan esensi apel. Lip balm mengandung konsentrasi yang berbeda yaitu 1%, 3%, dan 5%. Pemeriksaan sediaan meliputi evaluasi homogenitas, titik leleh, pH, daya sebar, kesukaan, dan iritasi. Formulasi lip balm dengan ekstrak kulit apel fuji telah lulus uji kualitas fisik dan uji iritasi, yang menunjukkan bahwa lip balm tersebut telah memenuhi parameter yang ditentukan. Namun, aktivitas antioksidan bahan tersebut jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan ekstrak kulit apel yang dianggap sebagai antioksidan kuat (26,90 ppm) dan vitamin C yang juga sangat kuat (5,34 ppm). Pada formula 2, ekstrak 1% sebesar 8491,93 ppm, pada formula 3, 3% sebesar 8474,58 ppm, dan pada formula 4, 5% sebesar 8446,44 ppm. Kata kunci: Antioksidan, Kulit Buah Apel Fuji, Lip Balm
Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Dissolving Microneedle Loaded with Ethanol Extract of Cocor Bebek Leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata) Balapadang, Rachel Noveriachristie; Sarie, Aldila Divana; Rosyidah, Safira; Zulqifli, Iqbal; Akifah, Muthia Nur; Zahra, Aliya Azkia
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 11 No. 3 (2024): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v11i32024.378-385

Abstract

Background: Acne is a chronic skin inflammation caused by blockage of the sebaceous glands in the skin and hypercolonization of the acne-causing bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. Cocor bebek leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata) are known to contain various secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, with antibacterial activity. Objective: In an effort to prevent side effects from using oral and topical antibiotics to treat acne, an alternative acne treatment that is safer and more effective with a strong drug delivery system is needed: microneedle patch technology containing natural ingredients. Methods: A microneedle patch formulation of Cocor bebek leaf extract was developed using a combination of HPMC and PVP polymers. The evaluation of microneedle patches included irritation tests with rat test animals and antibacterial activity tests against Propionibacterium acnes. The results showed the formation of yellow microneedle patches with uniform needles. The evaluation results showed that the microneedle patch has an irritation index value classified as non-irritant and has antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, with the highest inhibitory diameter at an extract concentration of 30% with a moderate inhibition category. Conclusion: The microneedle patch cocor bebek leaf extract shows potential as an effective drug delivery system for the treatment of acne that is safe for use on the skin.
Literatur Review: Pengaruh Jenis Surfaktan terhadap Stabilitas Fisik Mikroemulsi Rafifa, Muthia; Zahra, Aliya Azkia; Putra, Hasan Etanov; Aini, Kania Nurul; Sabrina, Lina Maisa; Maulida, Verin Sakinah
Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan dan Sains Vol 7, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan dan Sains (in progress)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jiks.v7i1.14399

Abstract

Mikroemulsi adalah dispersi koloid transparan dengan viskositas rendah yang stabil secara termodinamika. Sistem ini terdiri dari fase minyak, fase air, surfaktan, dan kosurfaktan yang berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kelarutan obat dengan ukuran partikel yang sangat kecil. Surfaktan dan kosurfaktan merupakan komponen kunci dalam menurunkan tegangan antarmuka dan membentuk film fleksibel sehingga meningkatkan stabilitas formulasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis surfaktan terhadap stabilitas fisik mikroemulsi dengan menggunakan metode literature review dengan sumber dari database online seperti Google Scholar dan PubMed. Surfaktan nonionik, seperti Tween 80 dan Span 80 merupakan surfaktan yang paling banyak digunakan karena keamanan dan toksisitas rendah. Pembuatan mikroemulsi dengan metode suhu tinggi menghasilkan ukuran globul lebih kecil, sedangkan suhu ruang menghasilkan ukuran globul lebih besar. Kosurfaktan, seperti propilen glikol dan PEG 400, membantu stabilisasi sistem dengan menurunkan tegangan antarmuka. Parameter lain, seperti pH dan viskositas juga dipengaruhi oleh jenis surfaktan dan zat aktif yang digunakan. Surfaktan nonionik memberikan hasil optimal dalam stabilitas fisik formulasi mikroemulsi. Variasi metode dan kecepatan pengadukan memengaruhi ukuran globul, sedangkan kosurfaktan memperbaiki fleksibilitas antarmuka. Formulasi dengan pH yang sesuai dan viskositas tinggi memperlihatkan stabilitas lebih baik. Surfaktan nonionik seperti Tween 80 dan kosurfaktan seperti PEG 400 adalah komponen utama dalam formulasi mikroemulsi yang stabil. Faktor metode pembuatan, pH, viskositas, dan jenis zat aktif berperan signifikan dalam menentukan kualitas dan stabilitas sediaan mikroemulsi. Simpulan, surfaktan nonionik seperti Tween 80 dan Span 80 paling banyak dipergunakan dalam formulasi mikroemulsi karena keamanan dan toksisitas rendah. Literature Review: Effect of Surfactant Type on the Physical Stability of MicroemulsionsAbstractMicroemulsions are thermodynamically stable, low-viscosity transparent colloidal dispersions. These systems consist of an oil phase, water phase, surfactants, and cosurfactants that are essential in improving the solubility of drugs with very small particle sizes. Surfactants and cosurfactants are key components in reducing interfacial tension and forming a flexible film, thereby improving formulation stability. This study aims to determine the effect of surfactant type on the physical stability of microemulsions using the literature review method with sources from online databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed. Due to their safety and low toxicity, nonionic surfactants, such as Tween 80 and Span 80, are the most widely used surfactants. The preparation of microemulsions using the high-temperature method results in smaller globule sizes, while room temperature results in larger globule sizes. Cosurfactants, such as propylene glycol and PEG 400, help stabilize the system by lowering the interfacial tension. Other parameters, such as pH and viscosity, are also affected by the type of surfactant and active substance used. Nonionic surfactants provided optimal results in the physical stability of the microemulsion formulation. Variations in stirring method and speed affected globule size, while cosurfactants improved interfacial flexibility. Formulations with appropriate pH and high viscosity showed better stability. Nonionic surfactants such as Tween 80 and cosurfactants such as PEG 400 are the main components in stable microemulsion formulations. The factors of the manufacturing method, pH, viscosity, and type of active substance play a significant role in determining the quality and stability of microemulsion preparations. In conclusion, nonionic surfactants such as Tween 80 and Span 80 are most widely used in microemulsion formulations due to safety and low toxicity.
Article Review: Formulasi dan Evaluasi Microneedle Mukoadhesif Buccal dengan Berbagai Metode Pembuatan Aini, Kania Nurul; Zahra, Aliya Azkia; Sabrina, Lina Maisa; Maulida, Verin Sakinah; Zulqifli, Iqbal; Rafifa, Muthia; Putra, Hasan Etanov
JURNAL PERTANIAN Vol 16, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Respati
Publisher : Universitas Respati Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52643/jir.v16i1.5431

Abstract

Sistem penghantaran obat menggunakan microneedle mukoadhesif buccal menawarkan teknologi inovatif untuk mengirimkan obat secara minimal invasif melalui mukosa buccal. Dalam 10 tahun terakhir, berbagai metode pembuatan, seperti ablasi laser, pencetakan 3D, dan fotolitografi, telah menghasilkan peningkatan akurasi dan efisiensi struktur microneedle. Formulasi berbahan polimer seperti HPMC dan karbopol terbukti memberikan kekuatan adhesi tinggi, mendukung retensi obat yang lebih baik pada mukosa. Polimer alami seperti asam hialuronat dan kitosan berperan dalam hidrasi mukosa serta pelepasan obat yang terkontrol. Penelitian menunjukkan ukuran microneedle yang tepat berkontribusi terhadap efisiensi penetrasi dan pelepasan obat, dengan durasi pelepasan yang dapat disesuaikan dari hitungan menit hingga beberapa hari. Selain itu, formulasi tertentu mampu menghasilkan pelepasan obat dari hitungan menit hingga beberapa hari, tergantung kebutuhan terapi. Microneedle mukoadhesif buccal sangat efektif dalam pengobatan lokal, seperti ulkus oral, dan juga dapat memberikan efek terapeutik sistemik yang signifikan. Dengan kemampuan penghantaran obat yang presisi, efisiensi tinggi, dan minim rasa sakit, sistem ini memberikan alternatif yang menjanjikan untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan pasien. Perkembangan teknologi pembuatan dan formulasi terus membuka peluang aplikasi yang lebih luas dalam berbagai kondisi klinis, menjadikan microneedle mukoadhesif buccal sebagai solusi unggulan untuk terapi obat masa depan. Kata Kunci: Buccal, Microneedle, Mukoadhesif
Analisis Komparatif Surfaktan dan Kosurfaktan serta Parameter Fisik Dalam Formulasi Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Berbasis Tanaman Herbal Sabrina, Lina Maisa; Zahra, Aliya Azkia; Aini, Kania Nurul; Maulida, Verin Sakinah; Putra, Hasan Etanov
JURNAL PERTANIAN Vol 16, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Respati
Publisher : Universitas Respati Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52643/jir.v16i1.5432

Abstract

Penggunaan bahan dari tanaman herbal dalam formulasi SNEDDS menciptakan peluang baru dalam pengembangan obat yang lebih alami, namun tetap memberikan efek terapeutik yang maksimal. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) merupakan teknologi penghantaran obat yang berkembang dengan cepat. Sistem ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan kelarutan serta bioavailabilitas zat aktif yang sulit larut dalam air. Studi literatur ini bertujuan mengkaji formulasi SNEDDS yang memanfaatkan tanaman obat, dengan cara mengulas informasi dari artikel asli yang relevan berdasarkan hasil penelusuran. Penelusuran referensi dilakukan menggunakan beberapa situs web yang menyediakan jurnal ilmiah, seperti PubMed, dan Semantic Scholar dengan menggunakan beberapa kata kunci dan berdasarkan PICO. Beberapa tanaman yang dibuat dalam sediaan SNEDDS, seperti minyak jintan dan minyak zaitun, bawah putih tunggal, kulit manggis, temu mangga, daun kelor, dan tanaman lain dengan hasil karakteristik dan parameter fisik yang beragam. Parameter yang dihasilkan seperti nilai transmittan dengan rentang 84% sampai 100%, ukuran dan morfologi droplet pada rentang 10 nm sampai
Increasing Understanding of Medicines in the Community Through the Implementation of DAGUSIBU as a Prevention of Antibiotic Resistance in Pasir Jengkol Village, Karawang Regency Zahra, Aliya Azkia; Malau, Jekmal; Kasasiah, Ahsanal; Ratnasari, Devi; Septiani, Dia; Sholih, Mally Ghinan
Jurnal Kreativitas Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) Vol 8, No 5 (2025): Volume 8 No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/jkpm.v8i5.18936

Abstract

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance occurs when microorganisms become unresponsive to antibiotic treatment, rendering common therapies ineffective against infections. As a result, the infection becomes increasingly challenging to treat, posing a heightened risk of severe disease progression and increasing the risk of spreading the disease. The causes of the emergence of antibiotic resistance include a number of factors, including excessive use of antibiotics from self-medication, to inappropriate disposal of antibiotic drugs. Karawang Regency, a region in West Java which consists of 10 sub-districts and has a population of more than 2.4 million people. Research conducted in Karawang shows the potential for antibiotic resistance based on use and the environment. It is known that the people of Karawang Regency have poor knowledge and perception regarding antibiotic resistance and use, one of which is Pasir Jengkol village. Therefore, it is necessary to increase understanding of medicines among the people of Karawang Regency, including by socializing the DAGUSIBU movement (Dapatkan, Gunakan, Simpan dan Buang Obat) or Proper Use, Storage and Disposal of Medications and its implementation as a measure to prevent antibiotic resistance. The output of this activity is primarily an increase in understanding of public knowledge through questionnaires which are analyzed using statistics. The results obtained were then tested using a statistical test showing a significant influence (Sig 0.002) increase in knowledge through the difference in pre-test and post-test scores. This outreach activity, which provides educational materials on preventing resistance, has positively impacted the Pasir Jengkol community's knowledge. Therefore, this socialization initiative can be replicated in other areas, particularly in Karawang Regency. Keywords: Antibiotic,  Drug Resistance, DAGUSIBU, Karawang.
Development of Species-Specific Primers Targeting Mitochondrial Cyt b Gene for Porcine DNA Detection in Halal Authentication via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Malau, Jekmal; Kasasiah, Ahsanal; Zahra, Aliya Azkia; Irwansyah, Silvana Lestari; Siboro, Dewi Pratiwi Purba
JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN DAN BIOLOGI NUKLEUS Vol 11, No 2: Jurnal Pembelajaran Dan Biologi Nukleus June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Labuhanbatu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/jpbn.v11i2.6799

Abstract

Background: The detection of porcine DNA is critical to ensuring adherence to halal standards, particularly in food and pharmaceutical products. This study aimed to design and validate species-specific primers targeting the mitochondrial Cyt b gene of Sus scrofa for porcine DNA identification. Using in silico tools such as NCBI, Primer3Plus, SnapGene, Mega and NetPrimer, four primer pairs were designed and assessed for specificity and efficiency. Methodology: Laboratory validation involved PCR amplification and bi-directional Sanger sequencing. Findings: The findings demonstrated that primers 2F/2R and 3F/3R successfully amplified the target DNA, producing amplicons of 514 bp and 456 bp, respectively. The primers exhibited high specificity, with no amplification observed in non-target DNA samples, including chicken and beef. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the amplified products corresponded to the Cyt b gene sequence of Sus scrofa with 100 % similarity, as validated through BLAST analysis. This study presents an accurate and dependable molecular method for detecting porcine DNA, with valuable applications in halal authentication and molecular diagnostics. Contribution: The developed primers offer an effective tool for accurately identifying porcine-derived components, addressing the critical demand for species-specific DNA detection to support halal compliance.
Comparison of polymer types on physical evaluation of in situ ophthalmic gel preparations: A Review Putra, Hasan Etanov; Zahra, Aliya Azkia; Aini, Kania Nurul; Rafifa, Muthia; Maulida, Verin Sakinah; Sabrina, Lina Maisa
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i3.8630

Abstract

The development of temperature, pH, and ion-responsive in situ ophthalmic gels aims to enhance drug retention and release efficacy in the eye. Polymers such as Poloxamer (thermosensitive), Gellan Gum (ion-sensitive), and Carbopol (pH-sensitive) exhibit adaptive gelation mechanisms suited to ocular physiological conditions. Poloxamer forms a gel at body temperature, prolonging drug contact duration, while Gellan Gum creates a stable gel network through ionic interactions with lacrimal fluid, increasing viscosity and extending drug release. Carbopol, which transitions into a gel at neutral pH, provides optimal viscosity stability in the ocular environment. This study employs a literature review method, gathering data from indexed journals and scientific publications over the past 10 years. Evaluation results indicate that a combination of Gellan Gum and Methacrylated Gellan Gum at a concentration of 0.6% w/v yields the highest viscosity and encapsulation rate, with a contact time of up to 8 hours, making it an excellent formulation for long-term ophthalmic applications. This paper highlights the significant potential of in situ gels as drug delivery systems, optimizing ophthalmic therapy by enhancing drug viscosity and encapsulation stability.
Advancements in Real-Time PCR Technologies: A Comprehensive Review of Probe-Based and Non-Probe-Based Assays for Molecular Diagnostics Malau, Jekmal; Zahro, Aurora Fatimatuz; Zahra, Aliya Azkia; Kasasiah, Ahsanal; Meilani, Nanda Diva; Damara, Dandy Satria; Lestari, Agatha Nabilla; Saryono; Wahyono, Daniel Joko
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.3.660-677

Abstract

The decision between probe-based and non-probe-based qPCR assays is crucial, influenced by diagnostic goals and sample characteristics. This review provides an in-depth evaluation of these two assay types, analyzing their principles, strengths, drawbacks, and applications. A thorough review of the literature, primarily sourced from PubMed, was undertaken to explore prominent assay systems, including TaqMan, KASP, rhAmp, HRM, and SYBR Green. Probe-based qPCR assays, exemplified by TaqMan and rhAmp, are distinguished by their high specificity, aptitude for multiplex analysis, and reduced risk of false positives, making them highly suitable for SNP genotyping and pathogen detection. However, their elevated costs and intricate design requirements remain significant challenges. Conversely, non-probe-based assays, such as SYBR Green and HRM, present cost-effective alternatives with straightforward designs. HRM, in particular, is effective in identifying genetic variations like SNPs with remarkable sensitivity. Nonetheless, these methods are susceptible to non-specific amplifications, requiring careful optimization to maintain reliability. The selection of a suitable qPCR assay depends on various factors, including precision, affordability, and multiplexing capabilities, with applications spanning infectious disease detection and genetic disorder analysis. This review emphasizes the indispensable role of qPCR in molecular diagnostics while showcasing recent technological advances that aim to mitigate existing constraints and enhance diagnostic precision and accessibility.