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Decolonizing the Endowment: A Critical Framework for Restructuring Museum Financial Portfolios to Support Restitution and Equity in Indonesia Yuniarti Maretha Pasaribu; Firzan Dahlan; Grace Freya Purba; Susi Diana; Giselle Dupont; Farah Faiza; Danila Adi Sanjaya
Enigma in Economics Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Economics
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/economy.v3i1.89

Museums globally are facing a profound ethical reckoning with their colonial foundations. In Indonesia, a nation with a rich history of resisting colonial rule, this discourse has intensified calls for the restitution of cultural artifacts. However, a critical barrier to these decolonial ambitions lies within the financial architecture of museums themselves: the endowment. This study investigated how traditional museum endowment management, guided by principles of perpetuity and maximum growth, often conflicts with and obstructs the ethical imperatives of restitution and equity. This research employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Initially, a quantitative analysis of the investment portfolios of three representative Indonesian museums—a national museum, a private institution, and a regional museum—was conducted. This was followed by a qualitative phase involving in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 22 museum directors, curators, financial managers, and representatives from source communities. The data were analyzed to identify correlations between investment strategies and institutional capacities for decolonial action. The findings revealed that museum endowments were predominantly invested in global equity and bond markets, with significant exposure to multinational corporations in the Global North, including those in extractive and banking sectors with colonial entanglements. This structure created a "perpetuity paradox," where fiduciary duties were interpreted as precluding the use of funds for restitution-related costs. A profound disconnect was identified between the museums' public-facing decolonial missions and their internal financial strategies. The study culminated in the development of the Restitution and Equity-Aligned (REA) Framework, a novel model for portfolio restructuring. In conclusion, traditional endowment management represents a significant, yet often invisible, colonial legacy within museums. To genuinely decolonize, Indonesian museums must move beyond curatorial gestures and fundamentally restructure their financial engines. The proposed REA Framework provides a viable, ethical, and financially prudent pathway for aligning investment practices with the moral obligations of restitution and the pursuit of reparative justice, offering a replicable model for institutions worldwide.

Archipelagic Consciousness: Reimagining National Identity Through Local and Maritime Histories in Indonesian Primary Education Firzan Dahlan; Grace Freya Purba; Farah Faiza; Amir Serikova; Danila Adi Sanjaya; Yuniarti Maretha Pasaribu; Susi Diana; Christian Napitupulu; Maya Enderson; Emir Abdullah
Enigma in Education Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Education
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/edu.v3i1.93

The formation of national identity in Indonesia, the world's largest archipelagic state, has historically been dominated by a centralized, terrestrial-focused historical narrative that often marginalizes the rich diversity of local and maritime histories. This study addressed the gap in understanding how a pedagogical shift towards these histories could foster a more inclusive and interconnected sense of nationhood, termed 'Archipelagic Consciousness', among young learners. A quasi-experimental, mixed-methods study was conducted over one academic semester in four primary schools across Indonesia. A total of 180 fifth-grade students participated, divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received a pedagogical intervention based on local hero narratives, inter-island trade routes, and project-based learning focused on maritime culture. Data were collected using a validated pre-test/post-test 'Archipelagic Consciousness Inventory' (ACI), supplemented by qualitative data from focus group discussions and student portfolio analysis. Quantitative data analysis revealed a statistically significant, large-effect-size improvement in the ACI scores for the experimental group compared to the control group. Qualitative findings corroborated these results, with major themes emerging that included the validation of local identity as integral to the national story, a conceptual shift from viewing the sea as a barrier to a connector, and an enhanced appreciation for inter-regional cultural diversity. In conclusion, the pedagogical model centered on local and maritime histories was highly effective in cultivating Archipelagic Consciousness. Integrating these narratives into primary education offers a potent pathway for reimagining Indonesian national identity as a dynamic, interconnected, and pluralistic tapestry, moving beyond a monolithic, land-based conception. This study provides empirical support for curriculum reform aimed at fostering a more resilient and inclusive national identity.

Gendered Terrains: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Lineage, Law, and Women's Land Inheritance in Indonesia's Batak and Minangkabau Communities Fitriyanti Fitriyanti; Susi Diana; Yuniarti Maretha Pasaribu; Muhammad Hasan
Enigma in Law Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Law
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/law.v3i1.98

In Indonesia, the pluralistic legal landscape, where state, religious, and customary laws intersect, creates profoundly different realities for women's land rights. This study investigates the disparity between de jure principles and de facto outcomes in two of Indonesia's most prominent and contrasting customary systems: the patrilineal Batak Toba and the matrilineal Minangkabau. We employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. The quantitative phase involved a multi-stage random survey of 400 households (200 Batak, 200 Minangkabau) to establish inheritance patterns. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and a multivariable logistic regression model to control for socio-demographic confounders. The qualitative phase consisted of 42 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with purposively selected community members to explain the mechanisms behind the quantitative findings, analyzed via a thematic framework approach. Quantitative findings reveal that 88% of Minangkabau women had inherited land compared to only 32% of Batak women. After controlling for age, education, and occupation, logistic regression showed that Minangkabau women had over 14 times the odds of inheriting land compared to Batak women (OR=14.72; 95% CI [7.15, 30.31], p< 0.001). Qualitative data revealed two divergent mechanisms producing these outcomes: 'Institutionalized Security' in the Minangkabau system, where rights are embedded in matrilineal identity, and 'Negotiated Permeability' in the Batak system, where access is contingent upon discretionary grants (hibah) from male relatives and is a major source of conflict. In conclusion, the structure of customary lineage remains the single most powerful determinant of women's land inheritance, an effect that state law has not superseded. While the matrilineal system provides institutionalized security, the patrilineal system renders women's rights precarious and conflict-prone. Advancing gender equity in land tenure requires engagement with the internal logic and adaptive capacities of these deeply entrenched customary orders.

Reconfiguring Rivalry: Ideological Sorting, Digital Media, and the New Landscape of Affective Polarization in the Post-2024 Presidential Election in Indonesia Ervin Munandar; Yuniarti Maretha Pasaribu; Firzan Dahlan; Aaliyah El-Hussaini
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i4.294

The 2024 Indonesian presidential election marked a tectonic shift in its political landscape, dissolving the decade-long 'Cebong versus Kampret' rivalry. This study investigates whether this realignment led to depolarization or a reconfiguration of partisan animosity. It examines the structure and predictors of affective polarization in the immediate post-election environment. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2024, involving 1,500 respondents across 15 provinces, selected via a multi-stage random sampling method with probability proportional to size. Affective polarization was measured using a feeling thermometer scale. Key predictors—including ideological self-placement, social media consumption for political news, and intergroup contact—were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. To test for non-linear ideological effects, both linear and quadratic terms for ideology were included in the model. The analysis reveals that affective polarization remains a potent force. The regression model showed a strong fit (R2= 0.47). While a linear measure of ideology was not a significant predictor, its quadratic term was a powerful and positive predictor (b = 0.42, p<0.001), indicating a U-shaped relationship where individuals at both ideological poles exhibit significantly higher polarization than those in the center. High consumption of partisan social media was also strongly associated with increased polarization (b = 0.35, p<0.001), while quality intergroup contact was linked to lower levels (b = -0.21, p<0.001). In conclusion, the post-2024 political era in Indonesia is characterized by a reconfiguration, not a dissipation, of affective polarization. The cleavage is no longer primarily personality-driven but is increasingly structured by ideological sorting, amplified by digital media ecosystems. These findings highlight the need for initiatives promoting cross-cutting dialogue and digital literacy to safeguard democratic health.

Reconfiguring Rivalry: Ideological Sorting, Digital Media, and the New Landscape of Affective Polarization in the Post-2024 Presidential Election in Indonesia Ervin Munandar; Yuniarti Maretha Pasaribu; Firzan Dahlan; Aaliyah El-Hussaini
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i4.294

The 2024 Indonesian presidential election marked a tectonic shift in its political landscape, dissolving the decade-long 'Cebong versus Kampret' rivalry. This study investigates whether this realignment led to depolarization or a reconfiguration of partisan animosity. It examines the structure and predictors of affective polarization in the immediate post-election environment. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2024, involving 1,500 respondents across 15 provinces, selected via a multi-stage random sampling method with probability proportional to size. Affective polarization was measured using a feeling thermometer scale. Key predictors—including ideological self-placement, social media consumption for political news, and intergroup contact—were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. To test for non-linear ideological effects, both linear and quadratic terms for ideology were included in the model. The analysis reveals that affective polarization remains a potent force. The regression model showed a strong fit (R2= 0.47). While a linear measure of ideology was not a significant predictor, its quadratic term was a powerful and positive predictor (b = 0.42, p<0.001), indicating a U-shaped relationship where individuals at both ideological poles exhibit significantly higher polarization than those in the center. High consumption of partisan social media was also strongly associated with increased polarization (b = 0.35, p<0.001), while quality intergroup contact was linked to lower levels (b = -0.21, p<0.001). In conclusion, the post-2024 political era in Indonesia is characterized by a reconfiguration, not a dissipation, of affective polarization. The cleavage is no longer primarily personality-driven but is increasingly structured by ideological sorting, amplified by digital media ecosystems. These findings highlight the need for initiatives promoting cross-cutting dialogue and digital literacy to safeguard democratic health.

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